ABSTRACT
Cosmeceuticals are innovative emerging health and beauty aid products that combine the benefits of cosmetic active ingredients and often innovative technological solutions of formulation and delivery. For decades, phytocompounds have been used in cosmetics as sunscreen, moisturizing, antiaging, and skin-based therapy. When compared to synthetic cosmetic ingredients, phytocompounds are generally milder, have a more favourable toxicity profile, and are biodegradable. The major concerns in the usage of phytocompounds are their low solubility, low penetration and physico-chemical instability when applied on the skin. To overcome these issues, different nanotechnology-based systems have been proposed and some of them are already on the market. Nanotechnologies can improve the solubility of poorly water-soluble compounds, facilitate skin permeation and increase their stability against light and temperature. Liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, transfersomes, ethosomes, nanostructured lipid carriers, and cyclodextrins are examples of nanotechnology-based systems currently in use to improve the performances of phytocompounds in skin care. This review focuses on cosmeceuticals that explore nanotechnology-based systems for the delivery of phytocompounds and emphasizes how these approaches can improve product performances with respect to conventional cosmetic formulations.
Subject(s)
Cosmeceuticals , Drug Delivery Systems , Nanoparticles , Skin/drug effects , Humans , Lipids , NanotechnologyABSTRACT
Meia maratona é competição desenvolvida ao ar livre, considerada como prática em expansão e de grande exposição solar. Verificar hábitos solares e frequência de queimaduras em atletas de meia maratona. Estudo transversal de 220 atletas, de ambos os sexos, de 18 a 68 anos, que participaram da meia maratona de setembro de 2012, na cidade de Curitiba-PR. Todos preencheram questionário sobre lesões cutâneas, bem como hábitos de exposição e proteção solar. Utilizou-se a análise de freqüência para descrever as prevalências, sendo que para as associações foram aplicados os testes de Qui-quadrado. Predominou atletas masculinos, adultos, praticantes de corrida de longa distância, procedentes do sul do Brasil (86,3%), e com pele branca (74%). Cerca de 13,2% dos atletas declararam alta sensibilidade da pele e facilidade de se queimar quando exposto ao sol. A maior adesão ao filtro solar foi verificada no sexo feminino, que apresenta frequência de aplicações diárias em maior proporção do que os homens. A prevalência de queimadura solar não se mostrou significativamente associada ao sexo (15% homens e 20,4% mulheres, p=0,359; x2=0,839). Neste grupo de atletas, identificou-se que os hábitos solares adotados são impróprios pela exposição que ocorre na prática esportiva. Há necessidade de ampliar medidas fotoprotetoras para adeptos de meia maratona e outros esportes ao ar livre.
Half marathon competition is developed outdoors, considered expanding practical and great sun exposure. To assess sun habits and frequency of burns in elite half marathon. Cross-sectional study of 220 athletes, of both sexes, 18-68 years old, who participated in the half marathon in September 2012 in the city of Curitiba - PR. All completed a questionnaire about skin lesions, as well as habits of exposure and sun protection. Statistical analysis was performed by chi-square. The predominant male athletes, adults, runners long distance, coming from southern Brazil (86.3%), and white (74%). Approximately 13.2% of the athletes reported high sensitivity and ease of skin burn when exposed to the sun. A greater adherence to sunscreen was observed in females, which features daily frequency applications in greater proportion than men. The prevalence of sunburn was not significantly associated with gender (15% men and 20.4% women, p = 0.359, x2 = 0.839). In this group of athletes, it was identified that the sun habits are inadequate sports practice. There is need to expand photoprotective measures for half marathon enthusiasts and other outdoor sports.
