Hypovolemic Shock Revealing a Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are rare neoplasms that originate in the gastrointestinal tract. Due to the nonspecific symptoms, they are often underdiagnosed. Patients typically present with abdominal pain, weight loss, asthenia, or a sensation of a "ball in the stomach." Hypovolemic shock is a rare mode of presentation. The biopsy is often inconclusive, and immunohistochemistry plays a crucial role in diagnosis. Surgery is the treatment of choice for stromal tumors with hemorrhage. Here, we present two cases of patients admitted in critical condition with hypovolemic shock. Laboratory results revealed profound anemia. Upper gastrointestinal exploration demonstrated a tumor in both cases, with normal biopsy findings in one case. However, after partial gastrectomy, pathology results revealed GIST with an immunohistochemistry profile in favor. The mode of presentation in our cases is notable, as hypovolemic shock without apparent external bleeding is an unusual presentation. Therefore, physicians should consider GIST a possible diagnosis when presented with a patient in hypovolemic shock, even without externalized bleeding.

What has the past taught us about the future in esophageal cancer? Personal reflections.

Since the first successful esophagectomy for cancer in 1913 spectacular advancements have been made in diagnosis, staging, and therapy. Refinement of imaging, surgery, perioperative management together with multidisciplinary collaboration are the cornerstones. Today therapy with curative option is offered to more patients than ever. Further innovations in imaging, molecular biology, genetics, artificial intelligence, machine learning, robotics, nanotechnology will have an increasing impact. The end result being a unique therapeutic plan shaped on each patient's individual profile.

Perioperative management of lithium in the patient undergoing pituitary surgery: a case report.

Lithium is a psychotropic drug used primarily in the treatment of bipolar disorder. It is renally excreted and characteristically causes nephrogenic diabetes insipidus as an adverse drug reaction. Lithium also requires serum level monitoring as there is a narrow therapeutic window and untreated toxicity can result in neurological sequelae including drowsiness, coma, seizures, and ultimately death. We present the case of a 65-year old man admitted for pituitary surgery complicated by post-operative difficult fluid management and subsequent lithium toxicity. We highlight this rare situation and the need to be vigilant in the peri-operative period with any patients on lithium who undergo pituitary surgery.

High cumulative risk of colorectal cancers and desmoid tumours and fibromatosis in South Asian APC mutation carriers.

Management of familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is guided by the cumulative risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) and aggressive fibromatosis/desmoid (AF/D). The first non-Caucasian FAP cohort with cumulative risk estimates for CRC and AF/D shows distinct differences with the Caucasian and other Asian cohorts. The strong correlation between the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) mutation location with the FAP phenotype and the geoethnic differences in APC mutation spectrum, genetic constitution, lifestyle and sporadic CRC rates, mandates the use of population-specific cumulative risk estimates for CRC and desmoid for counselling and risk management. On genotype-phenotype correlation in 83 individuals with classical FAP and a confirmed pathogenic/likely Pathogenic (P/LP) APC variant (n=76) or obligate carrier of the family variant (n=7), we observed a high cumulative CRC risk of 40% and 85% by 40 and 60 years, respectively. The observed 30% cumulative risk by 50 years for desmoids was higher than previous European and Asian cohorts and was significantly associated with prophylactic surgery (OR: 4.58, 95% CI 1.06 to 19.78) and APC mutation 3' of codon 1309 (OR: 13.07, 95% CI 3.58 to 47.56) and also 3' of codon 1444 (OR: 8.0, 95% CI 1.83 to 34.94). Global cooperation is required to establish FAP genotype-phenotype associations and population-specific risk estimates to guide genetic counselling and risk management.

Cirugia vascular y covid 19: tres casos con diferentes implicaciones / Vascular surgery and covid 19: three cases with different implications

Introducción: por primera vez en poco más de un siglo, el mundo se ha enfrentado a una pandemia, la del COVID 19, que ha infectado y matado a millones de personas . Esta enfermedad presenta una amplia gama de manifestaciones y órganos y sistemas afectados, siendo uno de los principales el sistema circulatorio. Material y Métodos: Se presentan tres casos de enfermedades vasculares complejas, que fueron tratadas quirúrgicamente y en las que el covid 19 alteró el curso normal de la enfermedad y su tratamiento. (AU)

Introduction: after a century the whole world suffered a pandemic: the covid 19 that affected and killed million of patients. This desease cause a wide range of clinical manifestations and organs and systema afectation, including the cisrculatory system. Methods: we describe three complex vascular desease cases that needed surgical treatment and in which the covid 19 alters the normal disease and surgical course. (AU)

Comparing maximal forces in resorbable poly-L-lactic acid and titanium plates for mandibular fracture fixation.

Treatment for mandibular fractures is commonly performed via open reduction fixation with mini titanium or resorbable plates and screws. The investigators hypothesized differences in maximum mechanical stress forces and deflection with each plating material; however, it was proposed that the experimental forces withstood by the resorbable system would be enough to withstand normal forces produced during mastication. The sample was composed of fresh cadaver mandibles that were harvested, fractured, and fixated with plates and screws. The predictor variable was fracture fixation and included a titanium plating or resorbable poly-L-lactide plating system. The primary outcome measure was maximum load withstood before plating failure measured in Newtons (N). Descriptive and bivariate statistics were computed, P value was set at .05. The sample was composed of six mandibles with and grouped by type of fixation modality, Titanium (T) (n = 3) and Resorbable (n = 3). There was a statistically significant correlation between the T group and increased maximum load (N) before failure as compared to the R group, (P = 0.023). The results suggest that fracture fixation with titanium plates and screws can withstand greater maximum forces before failure; however, the resorbable plating system withstood forces similar to/or greater than the maximum forces produced during normal mastication.

What's the resolutive surgery for pseudo-ainhum in Vohwinkel syndrome? A case report and review of the literature.

Vohwinkel Syndrome, also known as Keratoderma Hereditarium Mutilans, is an extremely rare dominant autosomal keratosis. It typically presents with "starfish" keratoses on the knuckles, palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK), hearing impairment and mutilating digital constriction bands (pseudoainhum) that cause strangulation, often leading to autoamputation of the affected digit. Both medical and surgical treatment haven't shown to date consistent results, in the treatment of pseudoainhum. In this study we present the case of a woman with Vohwinkel syndrome who showed constriction bands causing ischemic changes of the 5th digit of the right hand for which she was treated with surgery. We also present a review of the literature for the management of this disease.

Intraoperative ultrasound guidance in breast-conserving surgery shows superiority in oncological outcome, long-term cosmetic and patient-reported outcomes: Final outcomes of a randomized controlled trial (COBALT).

BACKGROUND: The multicenter randomized controlled COBALT trial demonstrated that ultrasound-guided breast-conserving surgery (USS) results in a significant reduction of margin involvement (3.1% vs. 13%) and excision volumes compared to palpation-guided surgery (PGS). The aim of the present study was to determine long term oncological and patient-reported outcomes including quality of life (QoL), together with their progress over time. METHODS: 134 patients with T1-T2 breast cancer were randomized to USS (N = 65) or PGS (N = 69). Cosmetic outcomes were assessed with the Breast Cancer Conservative Treatment cosmetic results (BCCT.core) software, panel-evaluation and patient self-evaluation on a 4-point Likert-scale. QoL was measured using the EORTC QLQ-C30/-BR23 questionnaire. RESULTS: No locoregional recurrences were reported after mean follow-up of 41 months. Seven patients (5%) developed distant metastatic disease (USS 6.3%, PGS 4.4%, p = 0.466), of whom six died of disease (95.5% overall survival). USS achieved better cosmetic outcomes compared to PGS, with poor outcomes of 11% and 21% respectively, a result mainly attributable to mastectomies due to involved margins following PGS. There was no difference after 1 and 3 years in cosmetic outcome. Dissatisfied patients included those with larger excision volumes, additional local therapies and worse QoL. Patients with poor/fair cosmetic outcomes scored significantly lower on aspects of QoL, including breast-symptoms, body image and sexual enjoyment. CONCLUSION: By significantly reducing positive margin status and lowering resection volumes, USS improves the rate of good cosmetic outcomes and increases patient-satisfaction. Considering the large impact of cosmetic outcome on QoL, USS has great potential to improve QoL following breast-conserving therapy.

Non-pharmacological interventions to promote the sleep of patients after cardiac surgery: a systematic review / Intervenções não farmacológicas para o sono de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca: revisão sistemática / Intervenciones no farmacológicas en el sueño de pacientes sometidos a una cirugía cardíaca: revisión sistemática

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze evidence available in the literature concerning non-pharmacological interventions that are effective to treat altered sleep patterns among patients who underwent cardiac surgery. Method: systematic review conducted in the National Library of Medicine-National Institutes of Health, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature, Scopus, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature and PsycINFO databases, and also grey literature. Results: ten controlled, randomized clinical trials were included in this review. Non-pharmacological interventions were grouped into three main categories, namely: relaxation techniques, devices or equipment to minimize sleep interruptions and/or induce sleep, and educational strategies. Significant improvement was found in the scores assessing sleep quality among studies testing interventions such as earplugs, sleeping masks, muscle relaxation, posture and relaxation training, white noise, and educational strategies. In regard to the studies' methodological quality, high quality studies as established by Jadad scoring were not found. Conclusion: significant improvement was found among the scores assessing sleep in the studies testing interventions such as earplugs, sleeping masks, muscle relaxation, posture and relaxation training, white noise and music, and educational strategies.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar as evidências disponíveis, na literatura, sobre as intervenções não farmacológicas, efetivas para o tratamento da alteração do padrão do sono em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca. Método: revisão sistemática realizada por meio de busca nas bases de dados National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, Scopus, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature e PsycINFO, e na literatura cinzenta. Resultados: dez ensaios clínicos controlados e randomizados foram incluídos na revisão. Constatou-se que as intervenções não farmacológicas agruparam-se em três categorias principais, a saber: técnicas de relaxamento, dispositivos ou equipamentos para minimizar a interrupção do sono e/ou induzir o sono e estratégias educacionais. Houve melhoria significativa nos escores de avaliação do sono entre os estudos que testaram intervenções como tampões de ouvidos, máscara de olhos, relaxamento muscular, treinamento de postura e relaxamento, produção sonora e estratégia educacional. Em relação à qualidade metodológica dos estudos, não foram encontrados estudos considerados de alta qualidade pelo escore de Jadad. Conclusão: houve melhora significativa nos escores de avaliação do sono em estudos que avaliaram intervenções como tampões de ouvidos, máscara de olhos, relaxamento muscular, treinamento de postura e relaxamento, produção sonora e estratégia educacional.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar las evidencias disponibles en la literatura sobre las intervenciones no farmacológicas, eficientes para el tratamiento de la alteración del patrón del sueño en pacientes sometidos a una cirugía cardíaca. Método: revisión sistemática realizada mediante búsqueda en las bases de datos de la Librería Nacional de Medicina (National Library of Medicine), de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud (National Institutes of Health), del Registro Central Cochrane de Ensayos Controlados (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials), de la literatura latinoamericana y del Caribe, en Ciencias de la Salud, Scopus, Embase, Índice Acumulado de Enfermería y Literatura en Ciencias de la Salud, CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) y PsycINFO, y en la literatura gris. Resultados: se incluyeron en la revisión diez ensayos clínicos controlados y aleatorizados. Se constató que las intervenciones no farmacológicas se agruparon en tres categorías principales: técnicas de relajación, dispositivos o equipos para minimizar la interrupción del sueño y/o inducirlo, y estrategias educativas. Hubo una mejora significativa en las puntuaciones de la evaluación del sueño entre los estudios que probaron las intervenciones como tapón de oídos, máscara de ojos, relajación muscular, entrenamiento de postura y relajación, producción sonora y estrategia educacional. Con respecto a la calidad metodológica de los estudios, no se hallaron los considerados de alta calidad mediante la puntuación de Jadad. Conclusión: hubo una mejora significativa en las puntuaciones de la evaluación del sueño en los estudios que evaluaron intervenciones como tapones de oídos, máscara de ojos, relajación muscular, entrenamiento de postura y relajación, producción sonora y estrategia educacional.

Clinical research of 1 . 8 mm microincision phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation combined with trabeculectomy / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

?AlM:To evaluate the effect and safety of 1. 8mm coaxial microincision phacoemulsification - trabeculetomy with ultra-thin intraocular lens ( lOL ) implants for treating glaucoma complicated with cataract, and to compare with the traditional 3. 0mm small phacoemulsification-trabeculetomy with foldable lOL implantion. ?METHODS: ln this prospective study, 36 patients ( 36 eyes) with glaucoma and cataract in lnner Mongolia Autonomous Regian People’s Hospital were collected and randomly divided into 2 groups. For the small incision group: 18 cases ( 18 eyes ) underwent 3. 0mm coaxial incision phacoemulsification-trabeculetomy with foldable lOL implantion; ln th microincision group: 18 cases ( 18 eyes ) underwent 1. 8mm microincision phacoemulsification-trabeculetomy with ultra-thin lOL implantion. The two groups were recorded for 1wk, 1 and 3mo of visual acuity, corneal endothelial cell density, surgically induced astigmatism, intraocular pressure ( lOP ) , filtering bleb and complications. Pearson’s Chi-square test ande t-test were used to determine differences between the two groups. ?RESULTS:At 1wk postoperatively, visual acuity in the microincision group was better than that of small incision group, the difference was statistically significant ( P0. 05). At 1wk, 1 and 3mo, there was a significant different between the 2 groups in surgically induced astigmetism (P 0. 05 ). lOP reduced after surgy ( microincision group: 15. 26 ±3. 12mmHg, small incision group: 14. 57±2. 86mmHg), there was no significant difference between the 2 groups (P>0.05). There was no significant different between the 2 groups in blebs (P>0. 05). Neither iris injury, posterior capsule rupture nor anterior chamber bleeding complications was found in any groups. ?CONCLUSlON: TBy compared with traditional 3. 0mm coaxial small incision phacoemulsification -trabeculectomy with foldable lOL implantion, 1. 8mm microincision phacoemulsification-trabeculectomy withe ultra- thin lOL implantion can effectively reduce the astigmatism operation. This operation is safe, effective, convenient surgy for treating cataract and glaucoma.

Transoral closure of pharyngeal perforation caused by gastrointestinal endoscopy.

OBJECTIVE: We present a case of pharyngeal perforation caused by gastrointestinal endoscopy that was successfully repaired with transoral mucosal sutures. This is the first report of a transoral surgical closure of a perforation caused by an endoscope. We describe the repair procedure, the necessary equipment, and the effectiveness of suturing pharyngeal perforations. PATIENT: An 87-year-old woman brought to our emergency department by ambulance because of hematemesis and endoscopic hemostasis was successfully performed. But after hemostasis, CT scan showed emphysema extending from the right lower jaw to the superior mediastinum and pharyngeal perforation was observed by laryngeal fiberscope. INTERVENTION: Even though she had received conservative treatment, exacerbation of inflammation was observed and therefore we performed transoral surgery for closing the pharyngeal perforation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: We followed up with CT scans, blood test and vital signs. RESULTS: The pharyngeal perforation smoothly closed and exacerbation of inflammation was not observed, even after oral ingestion began. CONCLUSION: Transoral closure of a pharyngeal perforation is less invasive and performing this procedure at an early stage can lead to a favorable outcome.

Osteointegration in oncologic patients: a case report.

OBJECTIVE: the present case report aims at illustrating how implant-prosthetic rehabilitation in patients with oral cancer resection aids to improve their quality of life. MATERIAL AND METHODS: a patient with verrucous squamous cell carcinoma of the mandible was treated with surgery and rehabilitation with three interforaminal dental implants and Toronto bridge. Three years after treatment, because of cancer recurrence, a segment of jaw and one of the three mandibular implants were removed. The histological examination showed healthy bone contact to implant surface, despite proximity to the neoplastic area. RESULTS: the case shows the maintainance of the osseointegration implants despite the cancer recurrence in the same area. CONCLUSIONS: endosseous implants represent a useful and valid tool for the prosthetic rehabilitation of cancer patients. Long-term effects of implant-prosthetic rehabilitation in patients with cancer still need to be verified. It would be interesting to confirm the data obtained by numerical studies of representative samples.

Laparoscopic transabdominal extraperitoneal mesh repair of lumbar hernia.

Lumbar hernias are rare posterolateral abdominal wall defects that may be congenital or acquired. There are two types of lumbar hernia, the superior lumbar hernia through Grynfeltt triangle, and the inferior lumbar hernia through Petit triangle. Many techniques have been described for the surgical repair of lumbar hernias including primary repair, local tissue flaps, and conventional mesh repair. But these open techniques require a large skin incision. We report a case of superior lumbar hernia, which was successfully repaired using a laparoscopic approach.

Laparoscopic transabdominal extraperitoneal mesh repair of lumbar hernia / 대한외과학회지

Lumbar hernias are rare posterolateral abdominal wall defects that may be congenital or acquired. There are two types of lumbar hernia, the superior lumbar hernia through Grynfeltt triangle, and the inferior lumbar hernia through Petit triangle. Many techniques have been described for the surgical repair of lumbar hernias including primary repair, local tissue flaps, and conventional mesh repair. But these open techniques require a large skin incision. We report a case of superior lumbar hernia, which was successfully repaired using a laparoscopic approach.

The Efficacy, Safety and Effectiveness of the Laparoscopic Varicocelectomy: Comparative Study of 2 Trocars and 3 Trocars

OBJECTIVE: Varicocelectomy can be accomplished using a variety of approaches, including retroperitoneal, transinguinal, subinguinal or scrotal approach and there are advantage and disadvatage, respectively. The goal of this study is to evaluate the efficacy, safety and effect of the laparoscopic varicocelectomy and compare 2 trocars laparoscopic technique with 3 trocars. METHODS: Between March 2003 and December 2007, 46 patients with varicocele were treated using 3 trocars (group A) or 2 trocars (group B) laparoscopic varicocelectomy. Data regarding operative time, time of vein ligation, hospital stay, recurrence rate and complications of each procedure were retrospectively evaluated. RESULTS: Of the 46 patients 39 with left side varicocele constituted the population of the present study; the others, with bilateral varicocele, were excluded. No significant differences were found in terms of mean operative time, mean time of vein ligation, mean hospital stay and morbidity between group A and B. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic varicocelectomy is feasible, safety and effective surgical technique. Compared with 3 trocars, 2 trocars laparoscopic varicocelctomy results in similar operative and postoperative outcomes. In addition, it is cost-effective and cosmetic.

Utilização do retalho brow slide em reconstruções cutâneas / Use of the brow slide flap in cutaneous reconstructions

Objetivo: Neste trabalho, foi proposta a análise de um procedimento cirúrgico pouco conhecido para o tratamento dos tumores cutâneos. Método: Os autores descrevem sua experiência na utilização do retalho “brow slide” em reconstruções cutâneas em 47 pacientes e comparam os resultados obtidos, enfatizando a simplicidade de execução da técnica em relação a outras descritas na literatura. Assim, dentro dessa nova perspectiva, o retalho “brow slide” pode ser empregado nas reparações de face ou de outras regiões. Conclusão: Com base nos resultados obtidos, os autores advogam o uso rotineiro do retalho “brow slide” nas reparações do tecido cutâneo, por obter cicatrizes em ziguezague, quase sempre dentro das linhas naturais da pele.

Objective: This article presents a new, comprehensive and less know surgical procedure in skin tumors treatment. Methods: The authors report their experience with “brow slide” flap in cutaneous reconstructions of 47 patients. They compared obtained results, with emphasis in the ease to performed this technique in comparison to others procedures described in literature. Thus, the "brow slide” flap can be use in face and others areas that needs reconstructions. Conclusion: Based on the results, the authors recommend the routine use of this technique in the reconstructions of skin tumors. The advantages of this method include Zplasty scars almost of them located at the lines of expression and contour lines of the skin.

Bupivacaína 0, 15 por cento hipobárica versus lidocaína 0, 6 por cento hipobárica para raquianestesia posterior em cirurgia anorretal ambulatorial / Hypobaric 0. 15 percent bupivacaine versus hypobaric 0. 6 percent lidocaine for posterior spinal anesthesia in outpatient anorectal surgery / Bupivacaína 0, 15 por ciento hipobárica versus lidocaína 0, 6 por ciento hipobárica para raquianestesia posterior en cirugía anorrectal ambulatorial

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Baixas doses de bupivacaína e lidocaína têm sido usadas para raquianestesia em cirurgia ambulatorial. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a bupivacaína com a lidocaína ambas em solução hipobárica em pacientes ambulatoriais de cirurgia anorretal. MÉTODO: Dois grupos de 75 pacientes, estado físico ASA I-II, candidatos a cirurgia anorretal em posição de canivete, receberam 3 mL (4,5 mg) de bupivacaína 0,15 por cento hipobárica ou 3 mL (18 mg) de lidocaína 0,6 por cento hipobárica. Foram comparados a seletividade do bloqueio, a qualidade da analgesia cirúrgica, a intensidade do bloqueio motor e o tempo de recuperação no paciente de cirurgia ambulatorial. Após a alta foi mantida comunicação diária por telefone até o 3º dia e depois no 30º de pós-operatório. RESULTADOS: O bloqueio foi adequado para cirurgia em todos os pacientes. O nível médio da dispersão cefálica foi L1 com variação de T10-L3 com a bupivacaína e L1 com variação T11-L2 com a lidocaína. Não foi observado bloqueio motor em 135 pacientes (65 da bupivacaína x 70 da lidocaína). Hipotensão e bradicardia não foram observadas em nenhum paciente. A média de duração do bloqueio sensitivo foi de 99,1 (11,0) minutos com a bupivacaína e 64,1 (7,6) minutos com a lidocaína, com diferença significante (p < 0,0005). Cefaleia pós-punção lombar não ocorreu em nenhum paciente. CONCLUSÕES: Bupivacaína ou lidocaína em solução hipobárica promove predominantemente bloqueio sensitivo após injeção subaracnóidea na posição de canivete. A solução de lidocaína hipobárica proporciona analgesia com a mesma dispersão da bupivacaína, porém com menor duração. As maiores vantagens incluem estabilidade hemodinâmica e ausência de bloqueio motor.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Low doses of bupivacaine and lidocaine have been used for spinal anesthesia in outpatient surgery. The objective of this study was to compare hypobaric solutions of bupivacaine and lidocaine in outpatient anorectal surgery. METHODS: One hundred and fifty patients, divided in two groups, physical status ASA I-II, scheduled for anorectal surgery in the jackknife position received 3 mL (4.5 mg) of hypobaric 0.15 percent bupivacaine or 3 mL (18 mg) of hypobaric 0.6 percent lidocaine. The selectivity of the blockade, quality of surgical anesthesia, intensity of the motor blockade, and time for patient recovery were compared. After patients were discharged, daily phone contact was maintained for three days and on the 30th postoperative day. RESULTS: Adequate surgical blockade was achieved in all patients. The mean level of cephalad dispersion was L1, ranging from T10-L3, with bupivacaine, and L1, ranging from T11-L2, with lidocaine. Motor blockade was not observed in 135 patients (65 in the bupivacaine group x 70 in the lidocaine group). None of the patients developed hypotension and bradycardia. The sensorial blockade had a mean duration of 99.1 (11.0) minutes, with bupivacaine, and 64.1 (7.6) minutes, with lidocaine (p < 0.0005). Post-lumbar puncture headache was not observed in any patient. CONCLUSIONS: Hypobaric solution of bupivacaine or lidocaine promotes, predominantly, sensorial blockade after subarachnoid injection in patients in the jackknife position. Hypobaric lidocaine provides analgesia with the same dispersion of that of bupivacaine, but with shorter duration. Hemodynamic stability and the absence of motor blockade represent the major advantages.

JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: Bajas dosis de bupivacaína y lidocaína han sido usadas para raquianestesia en cirugía ambulatorial. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar la bupivacaína con la lidocaína ambas en solución hipobárica en pacientes ambulatoriales de cirugía anorrectal. MÉTODOS: Dos grupos de 75 pacientes, estado físico ASA I-II, candidatos a cirugía anorrectal en posición prona (prone jacknife), que recibieron 3 mL (4,5 mg) de bupivacaína 0,15 por ciento hipobárica o 3 mL (18 mg) de lidocaína 0,6 por ciento hipobárica. Fueron comparados la selectividad del bloqueo, la calidad de la analgesia quirúrgica, la intensidad del bloqueo motor y el tiempo de recuperación en el paciente de cirugía ambulatorial. Después del alta se mantuvo la comunicación diaria por teléfono hasta el 3º día y después en el 30º de postoperatorio. RESULTADOS: El bloqueo fue adecuado para la cirugía en todos los pacientes. El nivel promedio de la dispersión cefálica fue L1 con variación de T10-L3 con la bupivacaína y L1 con variación T11-L2 con la lidocaína. No se observó bloqueo motor en 135 pacientes (65 de la bupivacaína x 70 de la lidocaína). La hipotensión y la bradicardia no se detectaron en ningún paciente. El promedio de duración del bloqueo sensitivo fue de 99,1 (11,0) minutos con la bupivacaína y de 64,1 (7,6) minutos con la lidocaína, con una diferencia significativa (p < 0,0005). La cefalea post-punción lumbar no acaeció en ningún paciente. CONCLUSIONES: La Bupivacaína o la lidocaína en solución hipobárica generan predominantemente un bloqueo sensitivo después de la inyección subaracnoidea en la posición prona. La solución de lidocaína hipobárica proporciona una analgesia con la misma dispersión de la bupivacaína, pero con menor duración. Las mayores ventajas incluyen una estabilidad hemodinámica y la ausencia de bloqueo motor.

The twenty-first century role of Piver-Rutledge type III radical hysterectomy and FIGO stage IA, IB1, and IB2 cervical cancer in the era of robotic surgery: a personal perspective.

Type III radical hysterectomy reported in 1974 by Piver, Rutledge, and Smith is considered worldwide by many as the standard surgical therapy for invasive cervical carcinoma stage IB and IIA. With the increasing number of robotic surgeries being performed for early stage cervical cancer worldwide, the purpose of the paper is to present our personal perspective of the 21st century role of Piver-Rutledge type III radical hysterectomy for stage IB cervical cancer in the era of robotic surgery using the da Vinci robot.