ABSTRACT
When selecting implant guidance methods or judging whether the patient can be implanted, many doctors ignore or only use visual inspection to estimate a patient's mouth opening. This phenomenon often leads to failure to complete the implantation due to insufficient mouth opening or the deflection of the implant due to limited angle, resulting in the high incidence of corresponding complications. The main reason is that doctors lack accurate analysis and control of the overall geometric conditions of the intraoral surgical area, and three-dimensional position blocking of surgical instruments occurs during the operation. In the past, mouth opening was defined as the distance between the incisor edges of the upper and lower central incisors when the patient opens his mouth widely, and the implant area could be in any missing tooth position. When it is in the posterior tooth area, the specific measurement scheme of the mouth opening could not be simply equivalent to the previous measurement method in the anterior tooth area. However, how to measure quickly and conveniently the mouth opening of any surgical area to determine whether it could be implanted and meet the needs of the selected guidance method remains unclear. This paper introduces new concepts, establishes new classification and corresponding accurate measurement scheme of implant area, and establishes a decision tree of implant methods guided by the actually measured value. Results provide a quantitative basis for rational formulation and implementation of implant treatment.
Subject(s)
Dental Implants , Mouth , Humans , Dental Implantation, Endosseous/methods , Incisor , Clinical Decision-MakingABSTRACT
When selecting implant guidance methods or judging whether the patient can be implanted, many doctors ignore or only use visual inspection to estimate a patient's mouth opening. This phenomenon often leads to failure to complete the implantation due to insufficient mouth opening or the deflection of the implant due to limited angle, resulting in the high incidence of corresponding complications. The main reason is that doctors lack accurate analysis and control of the overall geometric conditions of the intraoral surgical area, and three-dimensional position blocking of surgical instruments occurs during the operation. In the past, mouth opening was defined as the distance between the incisor edges of the upper and lower central incisors when the patient opens his mouth widely, and the implant area could be in any missing tooth position. When it is in the posterior tooth area, the specific measurement scheme of the mouth opening could not be simply equivalent to the previous measurement method in the anterior tooth area. However, how to measure quickly and conveniently the mouth opening of any surgical area to determine whether it could be implanted and meet the needs of the selected guidance method remains unclear. This paper introduces new concepts, establishes new classification and corresponding accurate measurement scheme of implant area, and establishes a decision tree of implant methods guided by the actually measured value. Results provide a quantitative basis for rational formulation and implementation of implant treatment.
Subject(s)
Humans , Mouth , Dental Implantation, Endosseous/methods , Incisor , Clinical Decision-Making , Dental ImplantsABSTRACT
Surgical area nurses provide comprehensive care to patients throughout the surgical process. Increases in life expectancy lead to the appearance and development of diseases, translating into an increase in the number of necessary interventions. Increases in the workload can be another risk factor for the development of burnout in professionals in this area. Knowledge of psychological and personality-related variables provides relevant information of level changes in the dimensions of burnout syndrome. Three logistic regression models, based on a cross-sectional study with 214 nurses working in the surgical area in the Andalusian Health Service, Spain, were built for each dimension. These models included different variables related to depression and personality, with some being significant at the population level and consequently true risk or protection factors. Friendliness, responsibility and extraversion are protection factors for the personal accomplishment dimension, whilst neuroticism is a risk factor for this dimension. Friendliness is also a protection factor for depersonalization, whilst depression is a risk factor. Finally, neuroticism, responsibility and depression are risk factors for the emotional exhaustion dimension of burnout. These findings provide relevant information that makes anticipation of this syndrome in this group easier.
ABSTRACT
Objetivo principal: Identificar los modos en que las enfermeras quirúrgicas adquieren su conocimiento y competencia. Metodología: Estudio cualitativo descriptivo de carácter exploratorio, mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas a seis enfermeras quirúrgicas. Los datos obtenidos fueron codificados y analizados con el software MAXQDA v.18.1. Resultados principales: La práctica, formación, experiencia, intuición y compañerismo son conceptos relacionados con la adquisición de conocimientos de las enfermeras. El alcance del desarrollo de cada uno de ellos es diferente en relación con el nivel competencial en el que se encuentren las enfermeras, competente, eficiente o experta. Conclusión principal: El proceso de adquisición de conocimientos prácticos en el área quirúrgica es un proceso dinámico y flexible, que se nutre de varias fuentes de conocimiento. Destaca el compañerismo como elemento fundamental en la obtención de información y ayuda en la resolución de problemas, proporcionando la mayor satisfacción. (AU)
Objective: To identify the ways surgical Nurses acquire their knowledge and competence. Methods: Descriptive qualitative study of an exploratory nature, through semi-structured interviews with six surgical nurses. The data gathered were codified and analyzed using MAXQDA v.18.1 software. Results: The practice, training, experience, intuition and fellowship are concepts related to the acquisition of knowledge of the Nurses. The scope of development of each of them is different in relation to the level of competence, competent, efficient or expert. Conclusions: The protocol of acquiring practical knowledge in the surgical block is a dynamical and flexible process, that relies on several sources of knowledge. Fellowship stands out as a key factor of obtaining information, solving problems, and providing the greatest satisfaction. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Perioperative Nursing/education , Health Literacy , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Interviews as TopicABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To identify the criteria of smooth postoperative period after cholecystectomy and risk factors of local surgical infection. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective analysis included 680 patients after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. We assessed incidence and risk factors of infectious complications. Major markers of acute inflammation, ultrasonic features of surgical site in early postoperative period were analyzed. RESULTS: Postoperative infectious complications developed in 35 patients (5.1%). All studied risk factors except an age (obesity, cardiorespiratory diseases, surgery time over 150 min, violation of the principles of antibiotic therapy, intraoperative blood loss over 50 ml, drainage time over 5 days) significantly affected the development of infectious complications. Surgery time over 150 min and violation of the principles of antibiotic therapy were the most significant factors. Serum procalcitonin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein were characterized by the highest prognostic value on the 3rd postoperative day. Threshold values were defined. CONCLUSION: Surgery time and violation of the rules of antibiotic prophylaxis were the most significant risk factors of postoperative infectious complications. We determined the criteria of smooth postoperative period: procalcitonin <1.5 mg/l, C-reactive protein <50 mg/l, erythrocyte sedimentation rate <39 mm/h, ultrasonic pattern of hypoechoic accumulation within the bed of the bladder (dimension <10 mm) without signs of intestinal insufficiency, abdominal or subhepatic effusion on the 3rd day after surgery.
Subject(s)
Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic/adverse effects , Gallbladder Diseases/surgery , Surgical Wound Infection/etiology , Antibiotic Prophylaxis/standards , Blood Sedimentation , C-Reactive Protein/analysis , Humans , Operative Time , Postoperative Period , Procalcitonin/blood , Prognosis , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
RESUMEN Introducción: El personal que labora en el área quirúrgica de un hospital, está expuesto a riesgos biológicos que requieren más que un tratamiento médico. Para la prevención, además, de ocuparse de la integridad del paciente, se le ha agregado la de proteger la salud del equipo quirúrgico, susceptibles a contaminarse con objetos infectados. Estos aspectos no son de estricto cumplimiento por el personal que labora en los salones o salas quirúrgicas de hospitales y centros de salud. Objetivo: Realizar un análisis de riesgo biológico en el área quirúrgica de una instalación de salud. Métodos: Se realizó el análisis de riesgo, que consistió en tres procesos generales: evaluación del riesgo, gestión del riesgo y comunicación del riesgo. Resultados: Se identificaron y caracterizaron los peligros de contaminación a los que pueden estar sometidos los trabajadores. Se identificaron las vulnerabilidades presentes, empleándose para ello, una lista de chequeo diseñada, teniéndose en cuenta los principios de la bioseguridad y, se evaluaron los riesgos biológicos empleándose una matriz de estimación del riesgo (posibilidad por consecuencia). Conclusiones: Se discuten medidas aplicables para la gestión de la bioseguridad en áreas quirúrgicas de instituciones de salud cubanas(AU)
ABSTRACT Introduction: The personnel working in the surgical area of a hospital are exposed to biological risks requiring more than medical treatment. In view of prevention, apart from taking care of the integrity of the patient, they have been assigned protecting the health of the surgical team, which are susceptible to becoming contaminated with infected objects. These aspects are not strictly complied with by the personnel working in the operating or surgical rooms of hospitals and health centers. Objective: To assess the biological risk in the surgical area of a health facility. Methods: The risk analysis was carried out, which consisted of three general processes: risk assessment, risk management, and risk communication. Results: The contamination hazards to which workers may be subjected were identified and characterized. The existing vulnerabilities were identified using a checklist designed taking into account the biosecurity principles. The biological risks were evaluated, using a risk estimation matrix (possibility by consequence). Conclusions: Measures are discussed that can be applied for the management of biosecurity in surgical areas of Cuban health institutions(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Operating Rooms , Risk Management/methods , Containment of Biohazards/methods , Environmental Pollution , Risk Assessment/standardsABSTRACT
The phenomenon of accidents at work was investigated among the resident physicians of the School of Medicine, Bari University, by a self-administered anonymous questionnaire probing personal details and inquiring about any accidents at work experienced during the training period, and by a comparison with the accidents reported to the Hospital Accidents Registry. At least 1 biological accident was reported by 18.2% of the 450 participants, this percentage being significantly higher in the surgical area (33.3%), where biological accidents were much more rarely reported to either the Residency School Director or the Accidents Registry. In conclusion, despite an overall reduction compared with the past, the frequency both of biological accidents and of underreporting is still high among resident physicians, particularly in the surgical area.
