Quantitative Threshold of Intraoperative Radiological Parameters for Suspecting Oblique Lumbar Interbody Fusion Cage Malposition Triggering Contralateral Radiculopathy.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to clarify the quantitative threshold of intraoperative radiological parameters for suspecting posterior malposition of the oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) cage triggering contralateral radiculopathy. METHODS: We measured the sagittal center and axial rotation angle (ARA) of the cage using postoperative computed tomography (CT) in 130 patients (215 cages) who underwent OLIF. The location of the cage tip was determined from axial magnetic resonance imaging in selected cases based on CT simulations to assess whether the cage was in contact with the contralateral exiting nerve or whether the surgical instruments could contact the nerve during intradiscal maneuvers. RESULTS: The sagittal center of the cages was on average 41.5% from the anterior edge of the endplate (shown as AC/AP value: anterior end plate edge-cage center/anterior-posterior endplate edge ×100%), and posterior cage positioning ≥50% occurred in 14% of the cages. The ARA was -2.9°, and posterior oblique rotation of the cages ≥10° (ARA ≤ -10°) was observed in 13%. CT simulation showed that the cage tip could directly contact the contralateral nerve when the cage was placed deep in the posterior portion ≥50% of the AC/AP values with concomitant posterior axial rotation ≥10° (ARA ≤ -10°), or deep in an extremely rare portion ≥60% of the AC/AP values with posterior axial rotation ≥0° (ARA ≤ 0°). Six percent of the cages (13/215) were placed in these posterior oblique areas (potential contact area: PCA). Three cages in the PCA were in direct contact with the contralateral nerves, and 9 were placed deep just anterior to the nerves. Symptomatic contralateral radiculopathy occurred in 2 cages (2/13/215, 15.3%/0.9%). CONCLUSIONS: Two intraoperative radiological parameters (AC/AP and ARA) measurable during OLIF procedures may become practical indicators for suspecting cage malposition in PCA and may be available when determining whether to consider cage revision intraoperatively to a more ventral disc space or anteriorly from the opposite endplate edge.

Lumbar Total Disc Replacement Leads to Increased Subsequent Facet Injections Compared to Anterolateral Lumbar Interbody Fusions.

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective Matched Cohort. OBJECTIVE: Despite known consequences to the facet joints following lumbar total disc replacement (TDR), there is limited data on facet injection usage for persistent postoperative pain. This study uses real-world data to compare the usage of therapeutic lumbar facet injections as a measure of symptomatic facet arthrosis following single-level, stand-alone TDR vs anterolateral lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF/LLIF). METHODS: The PearlDiver database was queried for patients (2010-2021) with lumbar degenerative disc disease who received either a single-level, stand-alone TDR or ALIF/LLIF. All patients were followed for ≥2 years and excluded if they had a history of facet injections or spinal trauma, fracture, infection, or neoplasm. The two cohorts were matched 1:1 based on age, sex, insurance, year of operation, and medical comorbidities. The primary outcome was the use of therapeutic lumbar facet injections at 1-, 2-, and 5-year follow-up. Secondary outcomes included subsequent lumbar surgeries and surgical complications. RESULTS: After 1:1 matching, each cohort had 1203 patients. Lumbar facet injections occurred significantly more frequently in the TDR group at 1-year (6.07% vs 1.66%, P < .0001), 2-year (8.40% vs 3.74%%, P < .0001), and 5-year (11.47% vs 6.40%, P < .0001) follow-up. 5-year injection-free probability curves demonstrated an 87.1% injection-free rate for TDR vs 92.9% for ALIF/LLIF. There was no clinical difference in the incidence of subsequent lumbar surgeries or complications. CONCLUSION: Compared with ALIF/LLIF, patients who underwent TDR received significantly more facet injections, suggesting a greater progression of symptomatic facet arthrosis. TDR was not protective against reoperations compared to ALIF/LLIF.

Minimally Invasive Direct Internal Cyclopexy in the Management of Goniotomy-Related Cyclodialysis Cleft with Hypotony Maculopathy.

Introduction: Although ab-interno trabeculotomy-related (goniotomy-related) surgeries has a favorable safety profile, cyclodialysis cleft refractory to conservative management could occur, thereby requiring additional surgical treatment. External and, more recently, internal cycloplexy have been attempted to treat cyclodialysis clefts with hypotony maculopathy, however the traditional methods require conjunctival or scleral incisions and have been inappropriate for glaucoma patients who need to undergo future trabeculectomy. Therefore, we report two cases who underwent a novel reliable technique for suture fixation of the detached ciliary body onto the original scleral bed directly through the intraocular approach without conjunctival or scleral incision, minimally invasive direct internal cyclopexy, in the management of goniotomy-related cyclodialysis cleft with hypotony maculopathy. Case Description: Goniotomy-related cyclodialysis cleft exceeded 45° and vision-threatening hypotony maculopathy was observed in two eyes in two patients with normal tension glaucoma and myopia gravis without a prior history of trauma who had undergone Kahook Dual Blade goniotomy combined with cataract surgery. The patients were followed conservatively for a while, however the cyclodialysis clefts and hypotony maculopathies did not resolve. Therefore, a 72-year-old man underwent minimally invasive direct internal cyclopexy on postoperative day 65 after the goniotomy, and another 67-year-old man underwent minimally invasive direct internal cyclopexy on postoperative day 149. In both cases, topical antibiotic and steroid eye drops were prescribed postoperatively. The cyclodialysis clefts were repaired successfully; however, the latter patient developed delayed-onset acute transient ocular hypertension 33 days after minimally invasive direct internal cyclopexy and required glaucoma medications. The hypotony maculopathies resolved approximately 3 months after suturing, and eventually visual acuity improved from preoperative levels and good intraocular pressure control was achieved in both. No further postoperative complications have been observed to date. Conclusion: We successfully managed two cases of goniotomy-related cyclodialysis cleft with hypotony maculopathy using minimally invasive direct internal cyclopexy.

WHOLE-LUNG torsion following bilateral lung transplant, a rare complication: A case report.

Whole lung torsion following bilateral lung transplant is a rare complication. This case report describes the diagnostic difficulties and consequences in a 59 year old patient. This study also includes a brief description of other cases in the literature.

Locally advanced breast cancer patients should be cautious about the immediate breast reconstruction after mastectomy: a pooling analysis of safety and efficacy.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to compare safety and efficacy outcomes between immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) and mastectomy alone in locally advanced breast cancer patients. METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive literature search of PUBMED, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases. The primary outcomes evaluated were overall survival, disease-free survival, and local recurrence. The secondary outcome was the incidence of surgical complications. All data were analyzed using Review Manager 5.3. RESULTS: Sixteen studies, involving 15,364 participants were included in this meta-analysis. Pooled data demonstrated that patients underwent IBR were more likely to experience surgical complications than those underwent mastectomy alone (HR: 3.96, 95%CI [1.07,14.67], p = 0.04). No significant difference was found in overall survival (HR: 0.94, 95%CI [0.73,1.20], p = 0.62), disease-free survival (HR: 1.03, 95%CI [0.83,1.27], p = 0.81), or breast cancer specific survival (HR: 0.93, 95%CI [0.71,1.21], p = 0.57) between IBR group and Non-IBR group. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates that IBR after mastectomy does not affect the overall survival and disease-free survival of locally advanced breast cancer patients. However, IBR brings with it a nonnegligible higher risk of complications and needs to be fully evaluated and carefully decided.

The cost of lung transplantation in the United States: How high is too high?

Objectives: To identify patient and process factors that contribute to the high cost of lung transplantation (LTx) in the perioperative period, which may allow transplant centers to evaluate situations in which transplantation is most cost-effective to inform judicious resource allocation, avoid futile care, and reduce costs. Methods: The MarketScan Research databases were used to identify 582 privately insured patients undergoing single or bilateral LTx between 2013 and 2019. The patients were subdivided into groups by disease etiology using the United Network of Organ Sharing classification system. Multivariable generalized linear models using a gamma distribution with a log link were fit to examine the associations between the etiology of lung disease and costs during the index admission, 3 months before admission, and 3 months after discharge. Results: Our results indicate that the index admission contributed the most to the total transplantation costs compared to the 3 months before admission and after discharge. The regression-adjusted mean index hospitalization cost was 35% higher for patients with pulmonary vascular disease compared to those with obstructive lung disease ($527,156 vs $389,055). The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, mechanical ventilation, and surgical complications in the post-transplantation period were associated with higher costs during the index admission. Surprisingly, age ≥55 was associated with lower costs during the index admission. Conclusions: This analysis identifies pivotal factors influencing the high cost of LTx, emphasizing the significant impact of the index admission, particularly for patients with pulmonary vascular disease. These insights offer transplant centers an opportunity to enhance cost-effectiveness through judicious resource allocation and service bundling, ultimately reducing overall transplantation costs.

Systematic review and meta-analysis comparing surgical site infection in abdominal surgery between triclosan-coated and uncoated sutures.

PURPOSE: Surgical site infection (SSI) is a frequent complication after abdominal surgery and impacts morbidity, mortality and medical costs. This systematic review evaluates whether the use of triclosan-coated sutures for closing the fascia during abdominal surgery reduces the rate of SSI compared to uncoated sutures. METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted using the PRISMA guidelines. On February 17, 2024, a literature search was performed in Medline ALL, Web of Science Core Collection, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Embase. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on abdominal fascial closure in human adults, comparing triclosan-coated and uncoated sutures, were included. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane RoB 2 tool. Pooled meta-analysis was performed using RevMan. RESULTS: Out of 1523 records, eleven RCTs were included, with a total of 10,234 patients: 5159 in the triclosan-coated group and 5075 in the uncoated group. The incidence of SSI was statistically significantly lower in the triclosan-coated group (14.8% vs. 17.3%) with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.84 (95% CI [0.75, 0.93], p = 0.001). When polydioxanone was evaluated separately (coated N = 3999, uncoated N = 3900), triclosan-coating reduced SSI; 17.5% vs. 20.1%, OR 0.86 (95% CI [0.77; 0.96], p = 0.008). When polyglactin 910 was evaluated (coated N = 1160, uncoated N = 1175), triclosan-coating reduced the incidence of SSI; 5.4% vs. 7.8%, OR 0.67 (95% CI [0.48; 0.94], p = 0.02). CONCLUSION: According to the results of this meta-analysis the use of triclosan-coated sutures for fascial closure statistically significantly reduces the incidence of SSI after abdominal surgery with a risk difference of about 2%.

Evaluating the efficacy of laparoscopic radical antegrade modular pancreatosplenectomy in selected early-stage left-sided pancreatic cancer: a propensity score matching study.

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic radical pancreatectomy is safe and beneficial for recectable pancreatic cancer, but the extent of resection for early-stage tumors remains controversial. METHODS: Consecutive patients with left-sided pancreatic cancer who underwent either laparoscopic radical antegrade modular pancreatosplenectomy (LRAMPS, n = 54) or laparoscopic distal pancreatosplecnectomy (LDP, n = 131) between October 2020 and December 2022 were reviewed. The preoperative radiological selection criteria were as follows: (1) tumor diameter ≤ 4 cm; (2) located ≥ 1 cm from the celiac trunk; (3) didn't invade the fascial layer behind the pancreas. RESULTS: After 1:1 propensity score matching (LRAMPS, n = 54; LDP, n = 54), baseline data were well-balanced with no differences. LRAMPS resulted in longer operation time (240.5 vs. 219.0 min, P = 0.020) and higher intraoperative bleeding volume (200 vs. 150 mL, P = 0.001) compared to LDP. Although LRAMPS harvested more lymph nodes (16 vs. 13, P = 0.008), there were no statistically significant differences in lymph node positivity rate (35.2% vs. 33.3%), R0 pancreatic transection margin (94.4% vs. 96.3%), and retroperitoneal margin (83.3% vs. 87.0%) rate. Postoperative complications did not significantly differ between the two groups. However, LRAMPS was associated with increased drainage volume (85.0 vs. 40.0 mL, P = 0.001), longer time to recover semi-liquid diet compared to LDP (5 vs. 4 days, P < 0.001) and increased daily bowel movement frequency. Tumor recurrence pattern and recurrence-free survival were comparable between the two groups, but the adjuvant chemotherapy regimens varied, and the completion rate of the 6-month intravenous chemotherapy was lower in the LRAMPS group compared to the LDP group (51.9% vs. 75.9%, P = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS: LRAMPS did not provide oncological benefits over LDP for left-sided pancreatic cancer within the selection criteria, but it increased operation time, intraoperative bleeding, and postoperative bowel movement frequency. These factors impacted the regimen selection and completion of adjuvant chemotherapy, consequently compromising the potential benefits of LRAMPS in achieving better local control.

Transient anterior subcapsular vacuolar lens opacities after Tanito microhook trabeculotomy: report of six cases.

OBJECTIVE: To present six cases exhibiting transient anterior subcapsular vacuolar lens opacities following early postoperative Tanito microhook trabeculotomy (TMH) performed by the same surgeon. METHODS: Six patients who underwent lens-sparing TMH at Meizankai Shimizu Eye Clinic from November 2021 to May 2023, and developed anterior subcapsular vacuolar lens opacities postoperatively were reviewed. Detailed records of surgeries, follow-up findings were collected and reported. RESULTS: In all six cases, anterior vacuolar subcapsular lens opacities were observed on the day after surgery, gradually decreasing without affecting visual acuity or contrast sensitivity. In all cases, without any specific interventions, the opacities disappeared by 21 months postoperatively. CONCLUSION: Anterior subcapsular cataracts, characterized by a vacuolar appearance and transient existence, should be recognized as an early complication of ab interno glaucoma surgery, possibly linked to use of distributed ophthalmic viscosurgical devices and excessive anterior chamber irrigation leading to traumatic cataracts on the lens surface.

Complicaciones por cirugía oncológica mamaria / Complications due to oncological breast surgery

RESUMEN Introducción: Cada año en América Latina, más de 200,000 mujeres son diagnosticadas con cáncer de mama. Como parte del tratamiento de esta enfermedad, la cirugía es uno de los pilares fundamentales. El acto quirúrgico es una experiencia extrema para el paciente y el cirujano, necesaria en esta patología para el tratamiento completo y, como todo acto médico, no está exento de complicaciones. En Paraguay no se cuentan con estadísticas sobre la prevalencia de las complicaciones debidas a cirugías por cáncer de mama, por lo que este trabajo tiene como principal objetivo establecer dicha frecuencia en un hospital de cuarto nivel de complejidad. Materiales y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, observacional, de corte transversal. Muestreo no probabilístico de casos consecutivos. La selección de sujetos de estudios se realizó de la población de pacientes que fueron sometidos a cirugía por cáncer de mama, en el Hospital de Clínicas en el periodo enero de 2018 a agosto 2022, y que cumplan con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Todas las variables han sido extraídas de la ficha clínica y fueron documentadas en el formulario de registro de datos. Se esperaba una frecuencia de 42 % de complicaciones post quirúrgicas utilizando el programa estadístico EPIINFO 7 para un IC de 95% a precisión de 5%, el tamaño mínimo a incluir debía ser de 143 pacientes. Resultados: Se analizaron 203 historias clínicas de pacientes con diagnóstico de cáncer de mama que fueron sometidas a cirugía como parte del tratamiento, correspondientes al periodo comprendido entre enero de 2018 a agosto de 2022. Cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión 201 pacientes. Se registraron un total de 92 pacientes que presentaron alguna complicación relacionada a la cirugía, que corresponden 46 % del total de pacientes en el periodo de tiempo estudiado. De las complicaciones encontradas, 40 desarrollaron seromas, representando el 43% del total de pacientes con complicaciones; 18 pacientes tuvieron infección de la herida operatoria, representando el 20%. 7 pacientes presentaron dehiscencia de la herida operatoria, siendo el 7,5% del total; y 5 desarrollaron un hematoma, siendo el 5,3%. Entre otras complicaciones encontradas, 4 pacientes presentaron linfedema (4,3%), 4 dolor crónico (4,3%), 3 extrusión de prótesis mamaria (3,2 %), 2 de celulitis del miembro superior afecto (2,1%), 2 presentaron necrosis del complejo areola-pezón (2,1%), 1 sufrimiento de piel sin necrosis, 1 sufrimiento del complejo areola-pezón sin necrosis (1% ambos), 1 presentó fistula (1%), 1 disfunción del miembro superior homolateral (1%), y una contractura capsular (1%). Discusión: Se registraron 92 pacientes con una complicación post quirúrgica luego de una cirugía por cáncer de mama; representa así el 46% del total de pacientes estudiados. Esta prevalencia se corresponde con lo publicado en la literatura. En cuanto a las complicaciones encontradas, la más frecuente en nuestra revisión fue el seroma, que se presentó en un 40% de las complicaciones. Las publicaciones describen a esta como una de las complicaciones más frecuentemente relacionadas a la cirugía mamaria, con frecuencias que varían desde 18 al 86% según diversos autores. Conclusión: De 201 pacientes que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, se registraron un total de 92 pacientes que presentaron alguna complicación relacionada a la cirugía, que corresponden 46 % del total de pacientes en el periodo de tiempo estudiado. La complicación más frecuente fue el seroma. Todos los hallazgos de este estudio se correlacionan con lo encontrado en la literatura.

Introduction: Every year in Latin America, more than 200,000 women are diagnosed with breast cancer. As part of the treatment of this disease, surgery is one of the fundamental pillars. The surgical act is an extreme experience for the patient and the surgeon, necessary in this pathology for complete treatment and, like any medical act, it is not exempt from complications. In Paraguay there are no statistics on the prevalence of complications due to surgeries for breast cancer, so the main objective of this work is to establish said frequency in a hospital of fourth level of complexity. Materials and methods: retrospective, observational, cross-sectional study. non-probabilistic sampling of consecutive cases. The selection of study subjects was made from the population of patients who underwent surgery for breast cancer, at the Hospital de Clínicas in the period January 2018 to August 2022, and who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. All the variables have been extracted from the clinical record and were documented in the data recording form. A frequency of 42% of post-surgical complications was expected using the statistical program EPIINFO 7 for a CI of 95% with a precision of 5%, the minimum size to include had to be 143 patients. Results: 203 medical records of patients diagnosed with breast cancer who underwent surgery as part of the treatment, corresponding to the period from January 2018 to August 2022, were analyzed. 201 patients met the inclusion criteria. A total of 92 patients who presented some complication related to surgery were registered, corresponding to 46% of the total number of patients in the period of time studied. Of the complications found, 40 developed seromas, representing 43% of all patients with complications; 18 patients had surgical wound infection, representing 20%. 7 patients presented dehiscence of the surgical wound, being 7.5% of the total; and 5 developed a hematoma, being 5.3%. Among other complications found, 4 patients presented lymphedema (4.3%), 4 chronic pain (4.3%), 3 extrusion of breast prosthesis (3.2%), 2 cellulitis of the affected upper limb (2.1%), 2 presented necrosis of the nipple-areola complex (2.1%), 1 suffering from skin without necrosis, 1 suffering from the nipple-areola complex without necrosis (1% both), 1 presented fistula (1%), 1 homolateral upper limb dysfunction (1%), and capsular contracture (1%). Discussion: 92 patients with a post-surgical complication after surgery for breast cancer were registered; thus represents 46% of all patients studied. This prevalence corresponds to what has been published in the literature. Regarding the complications found, the most frequent in our review was seroma, which occurred in 40% of the complications. The publications describe this as one of the complications most frequently related to breast surgery, with frequencies ranging from 18 to 86% according to various authors. Conclusion: Of 201 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 92 patients who presented some complication related to surgery were registered, corresponding to 46% of the total number of patients in the period of time studied. The most frequent complication was seroma. All the findings of this study correlate with what is found in the literature.

Preparing for the Worst: Management and Predictive Factors of Open Conversion During Minimally Invasive Renal Tumor Surgery (UroCCR-135 Study).

Background and objective: Data regarding open conversion (OC) during minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for renal tumors are reported from big databases, without precise description of the reason and management of OC. The objective of this study was to describe the rate, reasons, and perioperative outcomes of OC in a cohort of patients who underwent MIS for renal tumor initially. The secondary objective was to find the factors associated with OC. Methods: Between 2008 and 2022, of the 8566 patients included in the UroCCR project prospective database (NCT03293563), who underwent laparoscopic or robot-assisted minimally invasive partial (MIPN) or radical (MIRN) nephrectomy, 163 experienced OC. Each center was contacted to enlighten the context of OC: "emergency OC" implied an immediate life-threatening situation not reasonably manageable with MIS, otherwise "elective OC". To evaluate the predictive factors of OC, a 2:1 paired cohort on the UroCCR database was used. Key findings and limitations: The incidence rate of OC was 1.9% for all cases of MIS, 2.9% for MIRN, and 1.4% for MIPN. OC procedures were mostly elective (82.2%). The main reason for OC was a failure to progress due to anatomical difficulties (42.9%). Five patients (3.1%) died within 90 d after surgery. Increased body mass index (BMI; odds ratio [OR]: 1.05, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01-1.09, p = 0.009) and cT stage (OR: 2.22, 95% CI: 1.24-4.25, p = 0.008) were independent predictive factors of OC. Conclusions and clinical implications: In MIS for renal tumors, OC was a rare event (1.9%), caused by various situations, leading to impaired perioperative outcomes. Emergency OC occurred once every 300 procedures. Increased BMI and cT stage were independent predictive factors of OC. Patient summary: The incidence rate of open conversion (OC) in minimally invasive surgery for renal tumors is low. Only 20% of OC procedures occur in case of emergency, and others are caused by various situations. Increased body mass index and cT stage were independent predictive factors of OC.

Predictors of iatrogenic splenic injury in radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer.

Background: Iatrogenic splenic injury (ISI) is a recognized complication in radical gastrectomy that may result in incidental splenectomy (IS). However, the predictors of such events remain largely unknown. Methods: Medical records of the patients who underwent radical gastrectomy at our institution between January 2015 and December 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. Potential predictors of ISI and IS were collected and analyzed by multivariate logistic regression. Results were reported as an odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: A total of 2916 patients were included, of whom 211 patients (7.2%) suffered from ISI and 75 patients (2.6%) underwent IS. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that BMI≥25 (OR: 3.198 (2.356-4.326), p<0.001), total gastrectomy (OR: 2.201 (1.601-3.025), p<0.001), and the existence of "criminal fold" (OR: 13.899 (2.824-251.597), p=0.011) were independent predictive risk factors for ISI; whereas laparoscopic surgical approach (OR: 0.048 (0.007-0.172), p<0.001) was a protective factor for ISI. Moreover, the existence of "criminal fold" (OR: 15.745 (3.106-288.470), p=0.008) and BMI≥25 (OR: 2.498 (1.002-6.046), p=0.044) were identified as independent risk factors of ISI under laparoscopic gastrectomy. There was no association between sex, age, previous abdominal surgery, neoadjuvant therapy, outlet obstruction, tumor stage, nodal stage, and total lymph node retrieved and ISI. Conclusions: BMI≥25 and total gastrectomy can predict high risk of ISI during radical gastrectomy. Laparoscopic surgery is superior to open gastrectomy in lowing the risk of ISI.

Surgical complications in the first and second semesters of the general surgery medical residence. A study of 14063 cases.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether the rate of surgical complications is higher during the first semester of the General Surgery residency in the largest hospital complex in Latin America. During this period, students are expected to have less experience in carrying out procedures. METHODS: During a period of two years, all General Surgery resident doctors at the Hospital das Clínicas of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of São Paulo, made a notification of all the procedures they performed (n = 14.063), containing information such as name of the procedure, date, who participated, complications, among others. These data were analyzed with the purpose of evaluating the variation in the rate of complications throughout the year. RESULTS: There was a 52 % increase in the rate of complications in the first academic semester when compared to the second semester. This phenomenon was observed in resident doctors in the first and second years of residency. Furthermore, it was observed that second-year residents remain with high rates of complications, in some procedures, for a longer time than first-year residents. Furthermore, the first three months (March, April and May) seem to have the highest complication rates of the entire year. CONCLUSION: The impact of these complications can affect several health services and the increase in surgical complications in the first half of the year must be monitored by institutions, in order to control this phenomenon.

Effects of Preoperative Glucocorticoid Use on Patients Undergoing Single-Level Lumbar Fusions: A Retrospective Propensity Score-Matched Registry Study.

Objective Spinal fusions are gaining popularity as a means of treating spinal deformity and instability from a range of pathologies. The prevalence of glucocorticoid use has also increased in recent decades, and their systemic effects are well-documented. Although commonly used in the preoperative period, the effects of steroids on outcomes among patients undergoing spinal fusions are inadequately described. This study compares the odds of developing complications among patients who underwent single-level lumbar fusions with and without preoperative glucocorticoid use in hopes of establishing more evidence-based parameters for guiding preoperative steroid use. Methods The TriNetX multi-institutional electronic health record database was used to perform a retrospective, propensity score-matched analysis of clinical outcomes of two cohorts of patients who underwent posterior or posterolateral single-level lumbar fusions with and without interbody fusion, those who used glucocorticoids for at least one week within a year of fusion and those who did not. The outcomes of interest were examined within 30 days of the operation and included death, reoperation, deep or superficial surgical site infection (SSI), pneumonia, reintubation, ventilator dependence, tracheostomy, acute kidney injury (AKI), renal insufficiency, pulmonary embolism (PE) or deep venous thrombosis (DVT), urinary tract infection (UTI), emergency department (ED) visit, sepsis, and myocardial infarction (MI). Results The odds of developing pneumonia within 30 days of spinal fusion in the cohort that used glucocorticoids within one year of operation compared to the cohort without glucocorticoid use was 0.67 (p≤0.001, 95% CI: 0.59-0.69). The odds of requiring a tracheostomy within 30 days of spinal fusion in the cohort that used glucocorticoids within one year of operation compared to the cohort without glucocorticoid use was 0.39 (p≤0.001, 95% CI: 0.26-0.60). The odds of reoperation, deep and superficial SSI, and ED visits within 30 days of operation were significantly higher for the same glucocorticoid-receiving cohort, with odds ratios of 1.4 (p=0.003, 95% CI: 1.11-1.65), 1.86 (p≤0.001, 95% CI: 1.31-2.63), 2.28 (p≤0.001, 95% CI: 1.57-3.31), and 1.25 (p≤0.001, 95% CI: 1.17-1.33), respectively. After propensity score-matching, there was no significant difference between the odds of death, DVT, PE, MI, UTI, AKI, sepsis, reintubation, and ventilator dependence between the two cohorts. Conclusion In support of much of the current literature regarding preoperative glucocorticoid use and rates of complications, patients who underwent a single-level lumbar fusion and have used glucocorticoids for at least a week within a year of operation experienced significantly higher odds of reoperation, deep and superficial SSI, and ED visits. However, these patients using glucocorticoids were also found to have lower odds of developing pneumonia, renal insufficiency, and tracheostomy requirement than those who did not use steroids within a year of surgery.

Case report: Iatrogenic tattoos caused by skin marking pen in a postoperative patient.

In this report, a female patient suffering from pigment retention caused by a skin marking pen was elucidated. The patient underwent blepharoplasty 6 months ago and presented with blue-black linear marks at the upper eyelid incision 2 weeks after surgery. Under dermoscopy, scattered pigments were observed to accumulate in the epidermis of the upper eyelid. The patient was diagnosed with iatrogenic tattoo by a surgical marking pen. We chose surgical excision of the skin with the pigmentation. Previous studies have established that the risk of bacterial contamination, contact dermatitis, and allergies may increase with the surgical marking pens, while pigment retention has not yet been mentioned yet. Here, we present a case with a pigment retention in the incision. The selection of the surgical labelling methods and the management of the pigmentation were also addressed. According to our clinical findings, the risk of pigment retention by marking pens needs to be mentioned in the patient's informed consent. Therefore, the practitioner should ensure that the ink is cleaned by the end of each invasive procedure.

The Efficacy of Fat Grafting on Treating Post-Mastectomy Pain with and without Breast Reconstruction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Post-mastectomy pain syndrome (PMPS), characterized by persistent pain lasting at least three months following mastectomy, affects 20-50% of breast surgery patients, lacking effective treatment options. A review was conducted utilizing EMBASE, MEDLINE, and all evidence-based medicine reviews to evaluate the effect of fat grafting as a treatment option for PMPS from database inception to 29 April 2023 (PROSPERO ID: CRD42023422627). Nine studies and 812 patients in total were included in the review. The overall mean change in visual analog scale (VAS) was -3.6 in 285 patients following fat grafting and 0.5 in 147 control group patients. There was a significant reduction in VAS from baseline in the fat grafting group compared to the control group, n = 395, mean difference = -2.17 (95% CI, -2.95 to -1.39). This significant improvement was also noted in patients who underwent mastectomy without reconstruction. Common complications related to fat grafting include capsular contracture, seroma, hematoma, and infection. Surgeons should consider fat grafting as a treatment option for PMPS. However, future research is needed to substantiate this evidence and to identify timing, volume of fat grafting, and which patient cohort will benefit the most.

A case study of abdominal wall and limb necrotizing fasciitis: an extremely rare post -operative complication.

INTRODUCTION: Infectious affections are the most frequent post-operative complications, the rate have been reducing due to the administration of perioperative antibiotics and they are rarely serious. They are usually associated to pelvic collections, fistulas, urinary tract stenosis and, exceptionally, necrotizing fasciitis (FN) and pelvic organ necrosis. There is no well-codified treatment. CASE PRESENTATION: A 42-year-old female patient, was referred to our department for a stage IIIC2 adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix. Two months after surgery, the patient presented with fever. Abdominal CT scan revealed a recto-vaginal fistula. The patient underwent a surgical evacuation of the collection and a bypass colostomy. Post-operative period was marked by the occurrence of an extensive necrosis to pelvic organs and medial left leg's thigh compartments muscles. She also presented a thrombosis of the left external iliac vein and artery. Given the septic conditions, a revascularization procedure was not feasible. A bilateral ureterostomy was required and a ligature of the left external iliac vessels. Then she received palliative treatment.she died one month after surgery because of multivisceral failure due to sepsis. CONCLUSION: Necrotizing fasciitis is extremely rare and serious condition, the diagnosis is clinical and radiological, CT scan is helpful for the. There are predisposing factors such as diabetes, neoadjuvant radiotherapy or chemotherapy. The prognosis can be improved with rapid management and appropriate medical and surgical excisions of necrotic tissue, and antibiotic therapy adapted to the suspected germs, essentially anaerobic ones.

Don't Forget About New Pathology.

Appendicitis is an inflammatory condition of the appendix. Patients typically present with migratory right iliac fossa pain, reduced appetite, fever, nausea and vomiting. Despite its characteristic presentation, diagnosis remains challenging, particularly in cases where there has been unrelated prior surgery which may obscure the clinical picture. We present a case of a 59-year-old male who had three previous needle aspirations following a pelvic and inguinal lymph node dissection for metastatic melanoma subsequently presenting with a further episode of right iliac fossa pain. This case underscores the diagnostic challenges that may arise in individuals with a history of surgical interventions, emphasizing the importance of a comprehensive approach to ensure the timely and accurate identification of appendicitis.

Effect of Obesity on Surgical Outcomes and Complication Rates in Pediatric Patients: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Obesity is one of the primary public health problems faced by children. The increased incidence of obesity in the pediatric population poses significant challenges during and after surgical procedures. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to understand to what extent obesity is to surgical complications in pediatric patients. A systematic database search of PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Science Direct was performed in June 2023. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, two evaluators independently conducted literature screening, data extraction, and quality evaluation of the retrieved literature. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale score was used for quality evaluation, and a meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager software 5.4.1. A total of 1,170 relevant articles were initially identified, and 20 articles were finally included for data extraction and meta-analysis. The results of the meta-analysis showed that compared with normal-weight individuals, obese pediatric patients had a higher risk of developing surgical site infection (SSI) (relative risk (RR) = 1.63; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.33-2.00), wound dehiscence (RR = 2.01; 95% CI = 1.24-3.23), and underwent procedures that were 11.32 minutes longer (95% CI = 5.36-17.29). There were no differences in bleeding requiring transfusion, deep venous thromboembolism, postoperative abscess rate, and length of stay. Obese pediatric patients have a higher risk of SSI and dehiscence, along with a longer operative time. The established risks in obese adults undergoing surgery suggest a similar risk for obese pediatric patients. The findings of this study hold significant implications for clinical practice, suggesting the potential for additional measures to prevent surgical complications in children.