ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The role of human resources for health in the operation of health systems is crucial. However, training and incorporating them into institutions is a complex process due to the continuous misalignment between the supply and demand of health personnel. Taking the case of the Latin American and Caribbean region countries, this comment discusses the relationship between the availability of human resources for health and the maternal mortality ratio for the period 1990-2021. It proposes the need to resume planning exercises from a systemic perspective that involves all areas of government and the private sector linked to the training and employment of health workers. MAIN TEXT: We used secondary data from a global source to show patterns in the relationship between these two aspects and identify gaps in the Latin American and Caribbean regions. The results show enormous heterogeneity in the response of regional health systems to the challenge of maternal mortality in the region. Although most countries articulated specific programs to achieve the reduction committed by all countries through the Millennium Development Goals, not all had the same capacity to reduce it, and practically none met the target. In addition, in the English Caribbean countries, we found significant increases in the number of health personnel that do not explain the increases in the maternal mortality rate during the period. CONCLUSIONS: The great lesson from the data shown is that some countries could articulate responses to the problem using available resources through effective strategies, considering the specific needs of their populations. Although variations in maternal mortality rate cannot be explained solely through the provision of health personnel, it is important to consider that it is critical to find new modalities on how human resources for health could integrate and create synergies with other resources to increase systems capacity to deliver care according to conditions in each country.
Subject(s)
Developing Countries , Maternal Mortality , Humans , Latin America/epidemiology , Caribbean Region , WorkforceABSTRACT
In the systemic perspective, family is a system capable of self-organization, which possesses enough resources and ability to solve its own problems. To promote family health, the systemic therapists are required to consider each family member’s opinions and construction to certain problems, and assist them to discover and activate their own resources as well. Promoting family health also requires members to actively develop a sharing pattern within the family, exert the positive role of family rules, develop an authoritative parenting style so as to promote the mental health of children. Family members should ensure the clear and open boundaries between different subsystems, and maintain the stability of subsystem of the husband and wife especially. Furthermore, family members in different subsystems should make reasonable trade-offs and choices corresponding to different situations in order to both minimize conflicts and maintain the satisfying function of the family system. A healthy and ideal intimate relationship is interpreted from the systemic perspective of " evolvable, changeable, associative" on the core of " intimacy, passion and commitment" . The relationship will enhance partners' personal growth, in which the partners can not only examine its dynamic variations together but also deepen the understanding and acceptance of each other under the circumstances of bilateral original families and living environments. In addition, a healthy conjugal relationship has higher requirements such as " kinship" , commitment to two families of the couple and the children, and balancing the benefits between core family and original family.
ABSTRACT
O presente artigo buscou relatar uma experiência de intervenção realizada por meio de uma parceria entre um Centro de Referência e Assistência Social (CRAS) e uma Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS) na cidade de São Leopoldo, no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. A intervenção teve como objetivo fortalecer a relação familiar de gestantes e mães com filhos recém- nascidos. Durante os encontros buscou-se refletir sobre a interconexão dos sistemas e a influência desses na vida dos sujeitos; refletir acerca da construção social da família; promover a sociabilidade; aprimorar as relações intra e interpessoais; construir reflexões sobre o sentimento de pertencimento e de individuação; problematizar as expectativas dos papéis e crenças familiares; facilitar o debate acerca da existência e composição dos subsistemas familiares e da transição ecológica; e facilitar o debate acerca das fronteiras familiares. Os encontros foram realizados na sala de espera dentro do espaço da UBS enquanto as mães e grávidas aguardavam por consulta ginecológica. A perspectiva psicológica utilizada foi a sistêmica, partindo de uma visão ecológica do desenvolvimento humano. Como resultados, identificou-se que a população possui crenças acerca dos temas trabalhados que vão ao encontro das hipóteses defendidas pela literatura utilizada. Concluiu-se que a existência de grupos de sala de espera é benéfica para a população, que defende a existência de mais intervenções nesse sentido.
This article sought to report an intervention experience performed through a partnership between a Center of Reference and Social Assistance (CRAS) and a Basic Health Unit (UBS) in the city of São Leopoldo in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The intervention had a family relationship of pregnant women and mothers with newborn children. During the meetings we sought to reflect on the interconnection of systems and their consequences in the life of the subjects; emerges on the social construction of the family; promote sociability; improve intra and interpersonal relationships; reflections on the feeling of belonging and individuation; problematizing the expectations of family roles and beliefs; to facilitate the debate on the existence and composition of family subsystems and the ecological transition; and to facilitate the debate on family borders. The meetings were held in the waiting room inside the UBS space while bowing and awaiting gynecological consultation. The applied psychological perspective was a systemic one, starting an ecological vision of the human development. As results, it was identified that the population has beliefs about the themes worked that meet the hypotheses defended in the literature used. It was concluded that the existence of groups of waiting rooms is beneficial for the population, which advocates the existence of more interventions in this way.
Subject(s)
Humans , Pregnancy , Psychology , Human Ecology , Pregnant Women , Family Relations , Psychology, Developmental , Mother-Child RelationsABSTRACT
A atuação de profissionais forenses é de suma importância, pois são eles que vão mediar os processos e as interações que envolvem o reconhecimento e a manutenção de melhores interesses e o bem-estar da criança e de sua família. Diante dessa complexidade, apresenta-se críticas e reflexões ao paradigma tradicional da Ciência Jurídica, tendo como base a atuação dos advogados nos casos de disputa de guarda, a partir do olhar de vários atores jurídicos envoltos nesses casos. A construção dos resultados se deu por meio de análise construtivo-interpretativa, proposta por González Rey. Evidenciou-se que, por conta do viés paradigmático hegemônico do Direito, as práticas desses atores não privilegiam a criança e nem o bem-estar da família. Percebeu-se que isso se dá por conta de questões paradigmáticas do próprio Direito, o que tem implicação direta sobre a formação desses profissionais.(AU)
The work of legal professionals is too important because they will mediate the processes and interactions that involve the recognition and maintaining the best interests of child and their well-being and his Family, as well. Given this complexity, it is presented criticisms and reflections aditional paradigm of Legal Science, based on the work of lawyers in cases of child custody, from the look of various legal actors wrapped in such cases. The construction of the results was made by the constructive-interpretative analysis proposed by González Rey. It was evident that, due to the hegemonic paradigm bias of law, the practices of these actors does not favor the child nor the family well-being. It was noticed that this happens because of paradigmatic issues of law itself, which has direct implication on their training.(AU)
ABSTRACT
O estudo tem por objetivo analisar um Programa de Alunos Residentes (PAR)desenvolvido em uma escola de uma cidade de grande porte. Nesse caso, a escola assumea tutela de crianças e adolescentes durante a semana e garante o retorno das mesmas asua família, nos fins de semana e feriados. Assim, com a leitura na perspectiva sistêmicabuscamos compreender as características das famílias participantes, o motivo da inclusãoda criança ou adolescente no PAR e a forma como o programa atua. A metodologiaconstitui-se de uma abordagem qualitativa, através de uma análise documental (dadossecundários) e entrevista (dados primários) com a educadora responsável pelo PAR naescola, a assistente social e a mãe social. Os resultados apontam que, em geral, sãofamílias monoparental feminina, mas com a presença de também monoparental masculina.As famílias das crianças e adolescentes incluídos no PAR vivem um constante estresse,decorrente das modificações promovidas pelo abandono ou falecimento de um dos paisou mesmo de ambos ou separação do casal com ausência de apoio social. As crianças eadolescentes circulam entre a escola (espaço público e ao mesmo tempo privado, aoassumir o papel também de casa) e a casa. Conclui-se que é imprescindível que o cuidadoa criança e o adolescente seja intimamente articulado ao cuidado a saúde da família(AU)
The study aims to analyze the Resident Student Program (PAR) developed in aschool in a large city. In the program, the school assumes the custody of children andadolescents during the week and the return for their family on weekends and holidays.Thus, with the systemic perspective we seek to understand the characteristics ofparticipating families, the reason for the inclusion of the child or adolescent in the PARand the way the program operates. The methodology was based on a qualitative approach,through an analysis of documents (secondary data) and interviews (primary data), with theteacher responsible for PAR in school, the social worker and the social mother. Theresults indicate that, in general, are female single-parent families, but also with the presenceof males single parents. Families of children and adolescents, included in the PAR, live aconstant stress due the changes promoted by the abandonment of one parent or death orthe separation of the couple with a lack of social support. Children and teenagers circulatebetween school (public space and private at the same time, as role of school and house)and home. We conclude that is essential the care with children and adolescents intimatelylinked to family health care(AU)
