High Mobility Transistors and Flexible Optical Synapses Enabled by Wafer-Scale Chemical Transformation of Pt-Based 2D Layers.

Electronic devices employing two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) transition-metal dichalcogenide (TMD) layers as semiconducting channels often exhibit limited performance (e.g., low carrier mobility), in part, due to their high contact resistances caused by interfacing non-vdW three-dimensional (3D) metal electrodes. Herein, we report that this intrinsic contact issue can be efficiently mitigated by forming the 2D/2D in-plane junctions of 2D semiconductor channels seamlessly interfaced with 2D metal electrodes. For this, we demonstrated the selectively patterned conversion of semiconducting 2D PtSe2 (channels) to metallic 2D PtTe2 (electrodes) layers by employing a wafer-scale low-temperature chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process. We investigated a variety of field-effect transistors (FETs) employing wafer-scale CVD-2D PtSe2/2D PtTe2 heterolayers and identified that silicon dioxide (SiO2) top-gated FETs exhibited an extremely high hole mobility of ∼120 cm2 V-1 s-1 at room temperature, significantly surpassing performances with previous wafer-scale 2D PtSe2-based FETs. The low-temperature nature of the CVD method further allowed for the direct fabrication of wafer-scale arrays of 2D PtSe2/2D PtTe2 heterolayers on polyamide (PI) substrates, which intrinsically displayed optical pulse-induced artificial synaptic behaviors. This study is believed to vastly broaden the applicability of 2D TMD layers for next-generation, high-performance electronic devices with unconventional functionalities.

In situ via Contact to hBN-Encapsulated Air-Sensitive Atomically Thin Semiconductors.

Establishing reliable electrical contacts to atomically thin materials is a prerequisite for both fundamental studies and applications yet remains a challenge. In particular, the development of contact techniques for air-sensitive monolayers has lagged behind, despite their unique properties and significant potential for applications. Here, we present a robust method to create contacts to device layers encapsulated within hexagonal boron nitride (hBN). This method uses plasma etching and metal deposition to create 'vias' in the hBN with graphene forming an atomically thin etch-stop. The resulting partially fluorinated graphene (PFG) protects the underlying device layer from air-induced degradation and damage during metal deposition. PFG is resistive in-plane but maintains high out-of-plane conductivity. The work function of the PFG/metal contact is tunable through the degree of fluorination, offering opportunities for contact engineering. Using the in situ via technique, we achieve ambipolar contact to air-sensitive monolayer 2H-molybdenum ditelluride (MoTe2) with more than 1 order of magnitude improvement in on-current density compared to previous literature. The complete encapsulation provides high reproducibility and long-term stability. The technique can be extended to other air-sensitive materials as well as air-stable materials, offering highly competitive device performance.

Lifespan of Splints in a Sample of German Soldiers Hospitalised with Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in Combination with Sleep Bruxism and Painful Temporomandibular Disorder (TMD).

PURPOSE: This cross-sectional longitudinal observational study aimed to clarify the question of whether painful temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in psychiatrically confirmed patients hospitalised for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) therapy after using splint therapy (ST) show long-term therapeutic effects in the case of functional disorders. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred fifty-three (153) inpatients (123 male and 20 female soldiers, age 35.8 ± 9.2 years, 26.6 ± 2.2 teeth) with confirmed PTSD (Impact of Event Scale - Revised ≥33), grade 3 to 4 chronic pain according to von Korff's Chronic Pain Scale and the research diagnostic criteria of painful TMD (RDC-TMD) were recorded. All participants received a maxillary occlusal splint that was worn at night. Control check-ups of the therapeutic effect of the splint were conducted for up to 9 years during psychiatric follow-ups. RESULTS: TMD pain worsened in 22 (14.4%) patients within the first 6 weeks and led to the removal of the splint. The pain intensity (PI) at BL was reported to be a mean of VAS 7.7 ± 1.1. Six weeks after ST (n = 131), the average PI was recorded as VAS 2.6 ± 1.3. Based on the last examination date of all subjects, the average PI was recorded as 0.7 ± 0.9. Seventy-two (72) patients used a second stabilisation splint in the maxilla after 14.4 ± 15.7 months, and 38 patients used between 3 and 8 splints during their psychiatric and dental treatment time (33.7 ± 29.8 months). CONCLUSION: The presented data shows that therapeutic pain reduction remained valid in the long term despite continued PTSD. The lifespan of a splint seems to be dependent on individual factors. Long-term splint therapy appears to be accepted by the majority of patients with PTSD and painful TMD.

Follow-up clarifications concerning the authors' reply to the 'look at the elephant!' comment on 'prevalence of temporomandibular disorders in adult obstructive sleep apnoea patients: A cross-sectional controlled study'.

OSAS and TMDs represent multifactorial nosologic entities, whose central, functional and psycho-social aspects are gaining growing attention within the scientific community. In our previous commentary, we wanted to point out that structural aspects should not be forgotten in a clinical and research context. The inherent complexity of the matter could make it difficult to quantify the exact contribution of every single factor. The multifaceted nature of OSAS and TMDs pathophysiology could sustain several phenotypes in both conditions, and the anatomic parameters may assume different weights according to each phenotype, possibly justifying literature discrepancies. Thus, a patient with a co-existing OSAS and TMD (umbrella terms per se, each of them including different pathophysiological and clinical characteristics) represents an even greater challenge to researchers and practitioners. The scientific and therapeutic community should keep on looking for evidence to offer the best possible answers to such daring questions, in the most collaborative and fruitful way.

Impact of Rh, Ru, and Pd Leads and Contact Topologies on Performance of WSe2 FETs: A First Comparative Ab Initio Study.

2D field-effect transistors (FETs) fabricated with transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) materials are a potential replacement for the silicon-based CMOS. However, the lack of advancement in p-type contact is also a key factor hindering TMD-based CMOS applications. The less investigated path towards improving electrical characteristics based on contact geometries with low contact resistance (RC) has also been established. Moreover, finding contact metals to reduce the RC is indeed one of the significant challenges in achieving the above goal. Our research provides the first comparative analysis of the three contact configurations for a WSe2 monolayer with different noble metals (Rh, Ru, and Pd) by employing ab initio density functional theory (DFT) and non-equilibrium Green's function (NEGF) methods. From the perspective of the contact topologies, the RC and minimum subthreshold slope (SSMIN) of all the conventional edge contacts are outperformed by the novel non-van der Waals (vdW) sandwich contacts. These non-vdW sandwich contacts reveal that their RC values are below 50 Ω∙µm, attributed to the narrow Schottky barrier widths (SBWs) and low Schottky barrier heights (SBHs). Not only are the RC values dramatically reduced by such novel contacts, but the SSMIN values are lower than 68 mV/dec. The new proposal offers the lowest RC and SSMIN, irrespective of the contact metals. Further considering the metal leads, the WSe2/Rh FETs based on the non-vdW sandwich contacts show a meager RC value of 33 Ω∙µm and an exceptional SSMIN of 63 mV/dec. The two calculated results present the smallest-ever values reported in our study, indicating that the non-vdW sandwich contacts with Rh leads can attain the best-case scenario. In contrast, the symmetric convex edge contacts with Pd leads cause the worst-case degradation, yielding an RC value of 213 Ω∙µm and an SSMIN value of 95 mV/dec. While all the WSe2/Ru FETs exhibit medium performances, the minimal shift in the transfer curves is interestingly advantageous to the circuit operation. Conclusively, the low-RC performances and the desirable SSMIN values are a combination of the contact geometries and metal leads. This innovation, achieved through noble metal leads in conjunction with the novel contact configurations, paves the way for a TMD-based CMOS with ultra-low RC and rapid switching speeds.

Endoscopic Combined Drainage of One Giant and Multiple Small Pancreatic Pseudocysts: A Case Report.

A pancreatic pseudocyst (PPC) is a frequent complication of pancreatitis, often stemming from alcohol, gallstones, or hyperlipidemia. Endoscopic treatment of PPC has become the mainstream treatment. A case of one giant and multiple small PPCs was observed, manifesting as repeated abdominal bloating, abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting after meals. Initial computed tomography scans revealed the presence of multiple PPCs. Despite ineffective medical treatment, the pseudocysts progressively increased. In response, we conducted a combined endoscopic intervention, involving Hot AXIOS (Boston Scientific, Marlborough, MA) stenting through endoscopic ultrasound-guided transmural drainage (EUS-TMD) and the placement of the endoscopic nasopancreatic drainage (ENPD) mimic stent through endoscopic retrograde pancreatography (ERP). Remarkably, after nine months of postoperative follow-up, the patient had no discomfort symptoms and the cyst disappeared. We conducted a literature review on endoscopic combined drainage for PPCs, which is still controversial. Our presented case serves as a demonstration that endoscopic combined drainage can effectively and successfully manage giant and multiple PPCs.

Two-Dimensional MoS2 Nanosheets Derived from Cathodic Exfoliation for Lithium Storage Applications.

The preparation of 2H-phase MoS2 thin nanosheets by electrochemical delamination remains a challenge, despite numerous efforts in this direction. In this work, by choosing appropriate intercalating cations for cathodic delamination, the insertion process was facilitated, leading to a higher degree of exfoliation while maintaining the original 2H-phase of the starting bulk MoS2 material. Specifically, trimethylalkylammonium cations were tested as electrolytes, outperforming their bulkier tetraalkylammonium counterparts, which have been the focus of past studies. The performance of novel electrochemically derived 2H-phase MoS2 nanosheets as electrode material for electrochemical energy storage in lithium-ion batteries was investigated. The lower thickness and thus higher flexibility of cathodically exfoliated MoS2 promoted better electrochemical performance compared to liquid-phase and ultrasonically assisted exfoliated MoS2, both in terms of capacity (447 vs. 371 mA·h·g-1 at 0.2 A·g-1) and rate capability (30% vs. 8% capacity retained when the current density was increased from 0.2 A·g-1 to 5 A·g-1), as well as cycle life (44% vs. 17% capacity retention at 0.2 A·g-1 after 580 cycles). Overall, the present work provides a convenient route for obtaining MoS2 thin nanosheets for their advantageous use as anode material for lithium storage.

Dietary supplementation with grape seed extract from Vitus vinifera prevents suppression of GABAergic protein expression in female Sprague Dawley trigeminal ganglion in a model of chronic temporomandibular joint disorder.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate cellular changes in protein expression in the trigeminal ganglion in an established preclinical chronic model of temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD) in response to grape seed extract (GSE) supplementation based on its beneficial use in preclinical chronic orofacial pain models. DESIGN: Three experimental conditions included female Sprague-Dawley rats as naïve controls, and animals subjected to neck muscle inflammation and prolonged jaw opening with and without daily supplementation of GSE in the drinking water prior to inflammation. Changes were evaluated in mechanical sensitivity to von Frey filaments and protein expression in the trigeminal ganglion of animals 14 days post jaw opening. RESULTS: Calcitonin-gene related peptide and protein kinase A, proteins positively associated with peripheral sensitization and enhanced nociception, did not show elevated expression at day 14 in the model compared to naïve or GSE supplemented animals. However, neuronal levels of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) 65/67, which are enzymes responsible for the synthesis of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA that functions to suppress neuronal excitability, were significantly decreased on day 14 post jaw opening. Similarly, a significant decrease in neuronal expression of the GABA receptor subunits GABAB1 and GABAB2, but not GABAA, was observed in the TMD model. Importantly, GSE prevented suppression of GAD 65/67 and GABAB subunits, maintaining levels similar to naïve animals. CONCLUSION: Results from our study provide evidence of the downregulation of inhibitory GABAergic proteins in trigeminal ganglion neurons in a preclinical chronic TMD model and the benefits of GSE supplementation in preventing their suppression and maintaining normal levels.

Prospective case series study on the survival rates of occlusal polymethyl methacrylate veneers as a semipermanent therapy in patients with severe pathologic tooth wear.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the survival rate of minimally invasive semipermanent occlusal polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) onlays/veneers in previous temporomandibular disorder (TMD) patients with severe tooth wear and with a loss of vertical dimension after up to 7 years. METHOD AND MATERIALS: This case series was designed as a follow-up evaluation with consecutive patient recruitment. All patients bearing the indication for this kind of rehabilitation were treated by the same clinician using the same adhesive methodology. The study included 22 patients (3 males/19 females), with a mean [SD] age of 50.7 [11.6] years. Controls followed within the first 4 weeks (and subsequently as required). Failure criteria included damage by fracture, chipping, and retention loss. Survival rates were determined based on the Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS: 328 semipermanent occlusal/incisal veneers were included (142 maxillary/186 mandibular teeth). Almost 80% of the restorations were in place and in function when starting the follow-up treatment after 180 days; failures predominantly occurred within the first 3 to 6 months but proved reparable. Depending on the patients' priorities, scheduled replacements followed successively, and more than 65% did not show repair or any renewal needs for more than 360 days. CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this study the survival rates of occlusal veneers made of PMMA were sufficiently high to allow for consecutive treatment of the respective teeth by means of permanent restorations while preserving the restored vertical dimension. In patients with severe tooth wear and a TMD history, semipermanent restorative therapy with occlusal PMMA onlays/veneers would seem a noteworthy option.

Prevalence of Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD) in Dental Patients at a Specialized Regional Medical Center in Italy.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) in a sample of general dental patients seeking dental treatments in a northeastern Italian university clinic. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Records of all patients presented for the first time to the dental division of Maggiore Hospital, Italy, between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2017, were collected. Patients comprised those presenting to the dental clinics for non-TMD complaints, who, upon general examination, were found to have TMD signs and were referred for TMD evaluation. Data were extracted and analyzed, retrospectively. The prevalence of TMDs, age, gender, signs, and symptoms were evaluated. RESULTS: Out of the 18,774 patients studied, 284 had signs of TMD. Women predominance was evident (73%), and patients aged 45-50 were the most frequent sub-population within the TMD population. Clicking was the most commonly present symptom (26.8%), and arthralgia was most commonly diagnosed among this sample (30.7%). A considerable number of patients suffered from muscular disease (myalgia and myofascial pain with 10.1% and 20.7% of the patients, respectively). Significant associations were found among those with myofascial pain on the one hand and degenerative disease and disc displacement with reduction, on the other hand. Furthermore, disc displacement with reduction on one side was associated with displacement without reduction on the other side. CONCLUSION: A considerable number of patients presenting with dental complaints may have asymptomatic TMDs. This highlights the importance of systematic screening of dental patients for TMDs as part of general assessment.

Evaluation of the contribution of different groups of teeth to occlusion of patients with symptoms of temporomandibular disorders.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyse the distribution of occlusal forces in the dental arches released during tooth clenching in patients with symptoms of temporomandibular disorders, and to analyse the age and gender structure of the patients in the study group and the control group. MATERIALS AND METHOD: The study was carried out on a group of 58 patients, of both genders, aged 18-40 years, with full dental arches, who presented for treatment at the Prosthodontics Clinic of the University Dental Clinic in Kraków due to symptoms of temporomandibular disorders. The patients were divided into two groups. The first group (study group) comprised 26 patients with painful temporomandibular disorders, while the second group (control group) comprised 32 patients without pain. The study only included patients over 18 years of age, with full dental arches with symptoms of temporomandibular disorders. All patients underwent a basic dental examination and a specialized functional examination of the masticatory organ. A T-Scan III-Novus instrument with electronic occlusal articulation paper was used to assess the distribution of occlusal contacts. RESULTS: In the study, women (43) were a larger group than men (15). Statistically significant values for the percentage distribution of occlusal contacts were obtained in group of women in the study group on the right and left side, in the area of molars and premolars. In the analysis of the percentage distribution of occlusal contacts in both the study and control groups, it can be seen that the first molars (teeth 16 and 26) showed a larger percentage range of values than the other teeth. The smallest values can be observed on the second incisal teeth and on the canines. CONCLUSIONS: The first molars are, in the majority of patients, the teeth on which the strongest occlusal contacts are generated. Excessive participation of incisal teeth in occlusion might influence the development of the pain form of TMD. In order to determine whether there is a correlation between an uneven distribution of occlusal contacts and TMD pain, studies on larger numbers of patients are needed. © 2024 Australian Dental Association.

Analysis of the Use of Sample Size and Effect Size Calculations in a Temporomandibular Disorders Randomised Controlled Trial-Short Narrative Review.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is the term used to describe a pathology (dysfunction and pain) in the masticatory muscles and temporomandibular joint (TMJ). There is an apparent upward trend in the publication of dental research and a need to continually improve the quality of research. Therefore, this study was conducted to analyse the use of sample size and effect size calculations in a TMD randomised controlled trial. METHODS: The period was restricted to the full 5 years, i.e., papers published in 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, and 2023. The filter article type-"Randomized Controlled Trial" was used. The studies were graded on a two-level scale: 0-1. In the case of 1, sample size (SS) and effect size (ES) were calculated. RESULTS: In the entire study sample, SS was used in 58% of studies, while ES was used in 15% of studies. CONCLUSIONS: Quality should improve as research increases. One factor that influences quality is the level of statistics. SS and ES calculations provide a basis for understanding the results obtained by the authors. Access to formulas, online calculators and software facilitates these analyses. High-quality trials provide a solid foundation for medical progress, fostering the development of personalized therapies that provide more precise and effective treatment and increase patients' chances of recovery. Improving the quality of TMD research, and medical research in general, helps to increase public confidence in medical advances and raises the standard of patient care.

Temporomandibular joint stress analysis of patients with different mandibular deformities during unilateral molar occlusion.

Mandibular prognathism, retrusion and deviation are common mandibular deformities. They can lead to functional and aesthetic problems due to their important role in the oral system. Different from other occlusions, unilateral molar occlusion often occurs during mastication, which has a deep impact on the functions of temporomandibular joints (TMJs). Therefore, the study of unilateral molar occlusion is of great importance and significance to the daily life of patients with mandibular deformities. A total of 35 individuals were involved in this study, including 11 asymptomatic subjects, 10 patients with mandibular prognathism, 5 patients with mandibular retrusion and 9 patients with mandibular deviation. Finite element (FE) models corresponding to the unilateral molar occlusion were constructed. During unilateral molar occlusion, mandibular deformity increases the pressure on the condyle and articular disc. Compared with mandibular protrusion or retraction, facial asymmetry will significantly increase the stress of TMJ. Chewing on the non-deviated side also will lead to higher stress in the TMJ of patients with mandibular deviation. Therefore, patients with mandibular deviation have the highest risk of temporomandibular disorder (TMD), and it is recommended that patients with mandibular deviation chew bilaterally or with the deviated side.

Ruddlesden-Popper 2D Perovskite-MoS2 Hybrid Heterojunction Photocathodes for Efficient and Scalable Photo-Rechargeable Li-Ion Batteries.

Photo-rechargeable batteries (PRBs) can provide a compact solution to power autonomous smart devices located at remote sites that cannot be connected with the grid. The study reports the Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) metal halide perovskite (MHP) and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) hybrid heterojunction-based photocathodes for Li-ion photo-rechargeable battery (Li-PRB) applications. Hybrid Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have demonstrated an average discharge specific capacity of 144.46 and 129.17 mAhg-1 for 50 cycles when operating at 176 and 294 mAg-1, respectively compared to the pristine LIBs which have shown specific capacity of 37.48 and 25.60 mAhg-1 under similar conditions. Hybrid Li-PRB has achieved an average dark discharge specific capacities of 128.66 mAhg-1 (capacity retention: 96.56%) which enhanced to 180.67 mAhg-1 under illumination (capacity retention: 97.39%; photo-enhancement: 40.42%) at 64 mAg-1. Excellent performance of hybrid Li-PRB is attributed to the formation of type-II heterojunction that leads to improved crystallinity and film morphology. The PRB has demonstrated a high photo conversion and storage efficiency (PC-SE) of 0.52% under standard 1 Sun illumination, which outperforms other previously reported MHP based LIBs and PRBs. This work provides a novel approach of harnessing the potential of MHPs for PRBs and offers new avenues for MHP photocathodes for various applications beyond PRBs.

Sleep, Caffeine, BMI, and Pressure Pain Threshold in Temporomandibular Disorder Patients: An Observational Study.

BACKGROUND: Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) represent a multifactorial condition involving a multitude of symptoms of the temporomandibular joint that emanates a series of distress. Understanding the relationship between these lifestyle factors and pain perception in TMD patients is essential for optimizing their management and care. This study delves into the intricate interplay between sleep, caffeine consumption, body mass index (BMI), and the potential effect on pressure pain threshold (PPT) values among individuals with TMDs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is an observational study. Data were collected from a convenient sample of female patients at a single center in Riyadh city, between the ages of 20 and 50 years. The variables collected were based on an operator-designed questionnaire, the symptom questionnaire, and the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Joint Disorders (DC/TMD). RESULTS: A total of 139 participants were included in the study, appraising the occurrence of TMD and pain as per reports of caffeine intake and sleep duration. The observed outcomes indicate that the amount of sleep has a significant effect on the PPT values in TMD patients. This study highlights the substantial impact of sleep duration on lowering PPT values in individuals with TMDs. The findings highlight the importance of considering sleep duration and caffeine intake in the comprehensive management of TMD patients. There was no effect of BMI on this particular sample. CONCLUSION: This study shows a positive correlation between sleep and pain and TMD, caffeine, and pain. A deeper understanding of these relationships could pave the way for more effective pain management strategies and personalized treatment approaches tailored to the unique needs of TMD patients. BMI had no effect.

Ultrafast Formation of Charge Transfer Trions at Molecular-Functionalized 2D MoS2 Interfaces.

In this work, we investigate trion dynamics occurring at the heterojunction between organometallic molecules and a monolayer transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) with transient electronic sum frequency generation (tr-ESFG) spectroscopy. By pumping at 2.4 eV with laser pulses, we have observed an ultrafast hole transfer, succeeded by the emergence of charge-transfer trions. This observation is facilitated by the cancellation of ground state bleach and stimulated emission signals due to their opposite phases, making tr-ESFG especially sensitive to the trion formation dynamics. The presence of charge-transfer trion at molecular functionalized TMD monolayers suggests the potential for engineering the local electronic structures and dynamics of specific locations on TMDs and offers a potential for transferring unique electronic attributes of TMD to the molecular layers.

Temporomandibular Disorders and Orthodontics: how to conduct a screening examination? / Dysfonctionnements temporo-mandibulaires et orthodontie : comment conduire un examen de dépistage ?

Introduction: Common Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD) involve the masticatory muscles, temporomandibular joints, and/or their associated structures. Clinical manifestations can vary, including sounds (cracking, crepitus), pain, and/or dyskinesias, often corresponding to a limitation of mandibular movements. Signs or symptoms of muscular or joint disorders of the masticatory system may be present before the initiation of orthodontic treatment, emerge during treatment, or worsen to the point of stopping treatment. How do you screen for common TMD in orthodontic treatment? Materials and Methods: The main elements of the interview and clinical examination for screening common TMD in the context of orthodontic treatment are clarified and illustrated with photographs. Moreover, complementary examinations are also detailed. Results: A clinical screening form for common TMD is proposed. A synthetic decision tree helping in the screening of TMD is also presented. Conclusion: In the context of an orthodontic treatment, the screening examination for common TMD includes gathering information (interview), a clinical evaluation, and possibly complementary investigations. The orthodontist is supported in this approach through the development of a clinical form and a dedicated synthetic decision tree for the screening of TMDs. Systematically screening for common TMD before initiating orthodontic treatment allows the orthodontist to suggest additional diagnostic measures, implement appropriate therapeutic interventions, and/or refer to a specialist in the field if necessary.

Introduction: Les dysfonctionnements temporo-mandibulaires (DTM) concernent les muscles masticateurs, les articulations temporo- mandibulaires et/ou leurs structures associées. Les manifestations cliniques peuvent être diverses : bruits (craquements, crépitements), algies et/ou dyscinésies correspondant le plus souvent à une limitation des mouvements mandibulaires. Or, des signes ou symptômes de troubles musculaires ou articulaires de l'appareil manducateur peuvent être présents avant le début de la prise en charge orthodontique, voire apparaître en cours de traitement ou s'aggraver au point de remettre en question la poursuite du traitement engagé. Comment conduire un dépistage de DTM communs dans le cadre d'une prise en charge orthodontique ? Matériel et méthodes: Les éléments essentiels de l'entretien et de l'examen clinique d'un dépistage des DTM communs dans le cadre d'une consultation d'orthodontie sont clarifiés et illustrés à l'aide de photographies. Le recours aux examens complémentaires a également été détaillé. Résultats: Une fiche clinique de dépistage des DTM communs est proposée. Un arbre décisionnel synthétique aidant au dépistage des DTM est présenté. Conclusion: Dans le cadre d'une consultation d'orthopédie dento-faciale, l'examen de dépistage des DTM communs inclut un recueil d'informations (entretien), une évaluation clinique et éventuellement des examens complémentaires. L'orthodontiste est soutenu dans cette démarche par la création d'une fiche clinique et d'un arbre décisionnel synthétique dédiés au dépistage des DTM. Effectuer systématiquement un dépistage des DTM communs avant d'initier un traitement orthodontique permettra à l'orthodontiste de proposer des moyens diagnostiques supplémentaires si nécessaire, et de mettre en place la prise en charge adéquate et/ou de référer à un spécialiste du domaine pour démarrer le traitement orthodontique dans les meilleures conditions.

Lasing from a Large-Area 2D Material Enabled by a Dual-Resonance Metasurface.

Semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have gained significant attention as a gain medium for nanolasers, owing to their unique ability to be easily placed and stacked on virtually any substrate. However, the atomically thin nature of the active material in existing TMD lasers and the limited size due to mechanical exfoliation presents a challenge, as their limited output power makes it difficult to distinguish between true laser operation and other "laser-like" phenomena. Here, we present room temperature lasing from a large-area tungsten disulfide (WS2) monolayer, grown by a wafer-scale chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique. The monolayer is placed on a dual-resonance dielectric metasurface with a rectangular lattice designed to enhance both absorption and emission, resulting in an ultralow threshold operation (threshold well below 1 W/cm2). We provide a thorough study of the laser performance, paying special attention to directionality, output power, and spatial coherence. Notably, our lasers demonstrated a coherence length of over 30 µm, which is several times greater than what has been reported for 2D material lasers so far. Our realization of a single-mode laser from a CVD-grown monolayer presents exciting opportunities for integration and the development of real-world applications.

Reliability of an intraoral extension for intraoral palpation and assessment of mechanical sensitivity of the temporal tendon.

BACKGROUND: The temporal tendon is a structure often compromised in patients suffering from temporomandibular disorders (TMD), yet its intraoral location makes a standardised assessment difficult. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the variability and accuracy to target force of a newly designed intraoral extension for a palpometer device (Palpeter, Sunstar Suisse) when compared to manual palpation, in addition to clinically assessing the mechanical sensitivity and referred sensations of the temporal tendon in healthy individuals. METHODS: Experiment 1: 12 individuals were asked to target on a scale 0.5, 1 and 2 kg, for 2 and 5 s by using five different methods (Palpeter, Palpeter with three different extension shapes and manual palpation). Experiment 2: 10 healthy participants were recruited for a randomised double-blinded assessment by applying pressure of 0.5, 1 and 2 kg to the right temporal tendon with the three extensions and manual palpation. Participants rated the intensity of their sensation/pain on a 0-50-100 numeric rating scale (NRS), unpleasantness on a 0-100 NRS, and if present, they rated and drew the location of referred sensations. Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used in both experiments to compare differences between palpation methods. Tukey's HSD tests were used for the post hoc comparisons, and p values below .05 were considered significant. RESULTS: Experiment 1: The extensions showed no significant differences between them regarding reliability and accuracy for all forces and durations (p > .05). The manual method was significantly less reliable and accurate when compared to the other methods (p < .05). Experiment 2: There were no significant differences between the Palpeter extensions regarding pain intensity or unpleasantness NRS scores (p > .05), but all the extensions had significantly increased pain intensity and unpleasantness when compared to manual palpation (p < .05). Similarly, the frequency of referred sensations was similar between extensions but increased when compared to manual palpation. CONCLUSIONS: The new Palpeter extensions proved to be significantly more accurate and have lower test-retest variability than the manual method in a non-clinical setting. Clinically, they showed no significant differences in NRS scores for pain intensity nor unpleasantness, with no major differences in referred sensations, making any of the extensions suitable for clinical testing of the temporal tendon in future studies.

An ATP13A1-assisted topogenesis pathway for folding multi-spanning membrane proteins.

Many multi-spanning membrane proteins contain poorly hydrophobic transmembrane domains (pTMDs) protected from phospholipid in mature structure. Nascent pTMDs are difficult for translocon to recognize and insert. How pTMDs are discerned and packed into mature, muti-spanning configuration remains unclear. Here, we report that pTMD elicits a post-translational topogenesis pathway for its recognition and integration. Using six-spanning protein adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter G2 (ABCG2) and cultured human cells as models, we show that ABCG2's pTMD2 can pass through translocon into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen, yielding an intermediate with inserted yet mis-oriented downstream TMDs. After translation, the intermediate recruits P5A-ATPase ATP13A1, which facilitates TMD re-orientation, allowing further folding and the integration of the remaining lumen-exposed pTMD2. Depleting ATP13A1 or disrupting pTMD-characteristic residues arrests intermediates with mis-oriented and exposed TMDs. Our results explain how a "difficult" pTMD is co-translationally skipped for insertion and post-translationally buried into the final correct structure at the late folding stage to avoid excessive lipid exposure.