Diagnosis of a case with mental retardation due to novel compound heterozygous variants of TRAPPC9 gene / 中华医学遗传学杂志

Objective@#To explore the genetic basis for a boy with mental retardation.@*Methods@#Clinical data and peripheral blood samples of the family were collected. Potential variants were screened by using a panel for genes associated with intellectual impairment. Suspected variants were verified by PCR and Sanger sequencing.@*Results@#The child presented with mental retardation, language delay and poor self-care. Imaging analysis showed widening of brain fissures and subarachnoid space, and dysplasia of corpus callosum. Three novel heterozygous variants, namely c. 1705T>C(p.S569P), c. 1708dupC (p.R570Pfs*80) and c. 2273delA (p.N758Tfs*22), were identified in the TRAPPC9 gene. The mother of the proband has carried the c. 1708dupC (p.R570Pfs*80) and c. 1705T>C(p.S569P) variants, while his father has carried the c. 2273delA (p.N758Tfs*22) variant.@*Conclusion@#The compound heterozygous variants of the TRAPPC9 gene probably underlie the disease in this family. Considering the clinical and genetic heterogeneity of mental retardation, genetic testing is essential for attaining diagnosis for patients with the relevant phenotype.

Identification of a novel homozygous TRAPPC9 gene mutation causing non-syndromic intellectual disability, speech disorder, and secondary microcephaly.

TRAPPC9 gene mutations have been linked recently to autosomal recessive mental retardation 13 (MRT13; MIM#613192) with only eight families reported world-wide. We assessed patients from two consanguineous pedigrees of Pakistani descent with non-syndromic intellectual disability and postnatal microcephaly through whole exome sequencing (WES) and cosegregation analysis. Here we report six further patients from two pedigrees with homozygous TRAPPC9 gene mutations, the novel nonsense mutation c.2065G>T (p.E689*) and the previously identified nonsense mutation c.1423C>T (p.R475*). We provide an overview of previously reported clinical features and highlight common symptoms and variability of MRT13. Common findings are intellectual disability and absent speech, and frequently microcephaly, motor delay and pathological findings on MRI including diminished cerebral white matter volume are present. Mutations in TRAPPC9 should be considered in non-syndromic autosomal recessive intellectual disability with severe speech disorder.