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1.
Med Clin (Barc) ; 162(10): 461-469, 2024 05 31.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38383267

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a potentially severe manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) reported in 7-40% of SLE patients. ITP has been associated with a higher risk of organ damage and mortality. OBJECTIVES: To describe which factors are associated with the presence of ITP in SLE patients. METHODS: Retrospective case-control study. Cases were defined as SLE patients who had ever developed ITP and were sex- and age-matched with two controls. A predictive model was constructed to identify SLE patients who were at risk of developing ITP. RESULTS: ITP prevalence in our SLE cohort was 8.35%. Cases had a higher frequency of hemolytic anemia, while controls had a higher prevalence of arthritis at SLE diagnosis. During SLE progression, cases tested positive for anticardiolipin, anti-ß2-glycoprotein 1, and lupus anticoagulant antibodies more frequently. Cases received mycophenolic acid and azathioprine more often than controls and had a higher SLICC/ACR score. The model demonstrated a sensitivity of 87.53%, a positive predictive value of 81.92%, a specificity of 80.50%, area under the curve of 83.92%, a F1 of 83% and an overall accuracy of 83.68%. The variables that best explain the model were hemolytic anemia, arthritis, oral ulcers, Raynaud's phenomenon, low C4, low CH50, anticardiolipin and anti-ß2GP1 antibodies. CONCLUSION: SLE patients who develop ITP have a distinct phenotype characterized by more hemolytic anemia and less arthritis at SLE onset, and higher prevalence of antiphospholipid syndrome antibodies during SLE progression. This phenotype is associated with heightened organ damage and the need for more intensive therapies and stricter follow-up. Our predictive model has demonstrated an impressive ability to identify SLE patients at risk of developing ITP.


Subject(s)
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic , Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic , Humans , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/complications , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/epidemiology , Female , Retrospective Studies , Male , Adult , Prevalence , Case-Control Studies , Risk Assessment , Risk Factors , Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/epidemiology , Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/etiology , Middle Aged , Young Adult
2.
Cir Cir ; 90(2): 157-164, 2022.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35349562

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: There are some difficulties regarding the evaluation of the post-splenectomy state. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study is to compare the post-splenectomy blood changes of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) patients with those of trauma patients, 1 month and ≥ 6 months after surgery. METHODS: Medical records of patients, who had undergone total splenectomy for ITP and trauma at a tertiary center between January 2009 and December 2019, were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: The current study included 52 patients, who had undergone splenectomy for ITP (57.7%), and trauma (42.3%). Splenectomy, irrespective of the indications, resulted in an increase in hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, and platelet levels. Neutrophils were responsible for the preoperative leukocytosis in ITP patients, and neutrophilia was ameliorated by splenectomy and also withdrawal of the steroid therapy in some patients. Decreased neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio supported the finding that splenectomy ameliorated inflammation in ITP patients. Splenectomy resulted in a change in percentages of leukocytes in favor of basophils in ITP patients. CONCLUSIONS: Splenectomy, irrespective of the indications, resulted in an increase in hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit and platelet levels, lymphocyte, monocyte, and eosinophil counts. Splenectomy ameliorated inflammation in ITP patients and resulted in a change in percentages of leukocytes in favor of basophils.


ANTECEDENTES: Existen algunas dificultades con respecto a la evaluación del estado post-esplenectomía. OBJETIVO: Comparar los cambios sanguíneos post-esplenectomía de pacientes con PTI con los de pacientes traumatizados, 1 mes y ≥ 6 meses después de la cirugía. MÉTODOS: Se revisaron retrospectivamente las historias clínicas de los pacientes que habían sido sometidos a esplenectomía total por PTI y trauma en un centro terciario entre enero de 2009 y diciembre de 2019. RESULTADOS: El presente estudio incluyó a 52 pacientes, que habían sido sometidos a esplenectomía por PTI (57.7%) y traumatismo (42.3%). La esplenectomía, independientemente de las indicaciones, resultó en un aumento de la concentración de hemoglobina, hematocrito y niveles de plaquetas. Los neutrófilos fueron responsables de la leucocitosis preoperatoria en pacientes con PTI, y la neutrofilia mejoró mediante esplenectomía y también la suspensión de la terapia con esteroides en algunos pacientes. La disminución de NLR y PLR apoyó el hallazgo de una disminución de la inflamación en la esplenectomía en pacientes con PTI. La esplenectomía resultó en un cambio en los porcentajes de leucocitos a favor de los basófilos en pacientes con PTI. CONCLUSIONES: La esplenectomía, independientemente de las indicaciones, resultó en un aumento de la concentración de hemoglobina, niveles de hematocrito y plaquetas, recuentos de linfocitos, monocitos y eosinófilos. Una disminución de la inflamación en la esplenectomía en pacientes con PTI resultó en un cambio en los porcentajes de leucocitos a favor de los basófilos.


Subject(s)
Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic , Blood Platelets , Humans , Platelet Count , Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/surgery , Retrospective Studies , Splenectomy/methods , Treatment Outcome
3.
An. pediatr. (2003. Ed. impr.) ; 95(2): 86-92, ago. 2021. ilus, tab
Article in English, Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-207577

ABSTRACT

Introducción: En los últimos años se han experimentado cambios en el manejo de los pacientes con trombocitopenia inmune primaria. En este estudio se revisan las características de los pacientes con trombocitopenia inmune primaria del Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús y su evolución. Además, analizamos los cambios en el abordaje de los pacientes diagnosticados antes y después de 2011, año en el que se publicó la guía de la Sociedad Española de Pediatría. Material y métodos: Se han revisado retrospectivamente los datos de pacientes con trombocitopenia inmune primaria en seguimiento en nuestro hospital desde el año 2000. El paquete estadístico utilizado para el análisis fue SPSS Statistics 22.0 (IBM Corp, Chicago, IL, EE.UU.). Resultados: Se han revisado 235 pacientes pediátricos con trombocitopenia inmune primaria, observando que algunas características al diagnóstico, como la edad menor de 5años y los antecedentes previos de infección, pueden influir en la probabilidad de recuperación. Con respecto al cambio de manejo de los pacientes, a partir de 2011 las dosis de esteroides recibidas durante el primer mes y el primer año se han reducido de forma significativa, así como el número de días del primer ingreso, pasando de 5 a 3días. Las esplenectomías también se han reducido significativamente. Conclusiones: Desde el año 2011 se han producido cambios en el abordaje de nuestros pacientes: reciben una menor dosis de esteroides, permanecen menos días ingresados y se ha reducido el número de esplenectomías sin aumentar los sangrados y sin disminuir la tasa de respuestas. Además, observamos que la edad menor de 5años y el antecedente de infección previa al diagnóstico están relacionados con una mayor tasa de recuperación. (AU)


Introduction: In recent years, there have been changes in the management of patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia. In this study, a review is presented of the characteristics and outcomes of children with primary immune thrombocytopenia in a children's hospital (Hospital Infantil Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain). Moreover, an analysis is made of the changes in the care of these patients diagnosed before and after 2011, when new guidelines were published by the Spanish Society of Paediatric Haematology Oncology (SEHOP). Material and methods: Data from a cohort of primary immune thrombocytopenia patients followed up in this hospital have been retrospectively reviewed. The statistical package used for the analysis was SPSS Statistics 22.0 (IBM Corp, Chicago, IL, USA). Results: A review is presented on the clinical data from 235 paediatric patients diagnosed with primary immune thrombocytopenia. It was observed that some features at diagnosis, such as age younger than 5years and a previous history of infection, influenced the probability of cure. Regarding the changes in the management of patients since 2011, the steroid doses received during the first month and the first year, and the number of days corresponding to the patient's first admission have both significantly decreased. Splenectomies were also significantly reduced. Conclusions: Since 2011, there have been changes in the medical care of our primary immune thrombocytopenia patients: they receive lower doses of steroids, they stay fewer days in the hospital, and the number of splenectomies has decreased without increasing bleeding or worsening the clinical evolution. Furthermore, it was observed that age younger than 5years and a history of infection prior to diagnosis were related to higher chances of recovery. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Steroids , Thrombocytopenia/diagnosis , Thrombocytopenia/drug therapy , Thrombocytopenia/etiology , Thrombocytopenia/immunology , Retrospective Studies , Splenectomy , Purpura, Thrombocytopenic
4.
An Pediatr (Engl Ed) ; 95(2): 86-92, 2021 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34246622

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: In recent years, there have been changes in the management of patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia. In this study, a review is presented of the characteristics and outcomes of children with primary immune thrombocytopenia in a children's hospital (Hospital Infantil Niño Jesús). Moreover, an analysis is made of the changes in the care of these patients diagnosed before and after 2011, when new guidelines were published by the Spanish Society of Paediatric Haematology Oncology (SEHOP). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data from a cohort of primary immune thrombocytopenia patients followed up in this hospital have been retrospectively reviewed. The statistical package used for the analysis was SPSS Statistics 22.0 (IBM Corp., Chicago, IL, USA). RESULTS: A review is presented on the clinical data from 235 paediatric patients diagnosed with primary immune thrombocytopenia. It was observed that some features at diagnosis, such as age younger than five years and a previous history of infection, influenced the probability of cure. Regarding the changes in the management of patients since 2011, the steroid doses received during the first month and the first year, and the number of days corresponding to the patient's first admission have both significantly decreased. Splenectomies were also significantly reduced. CONCLUSIONS: Since 2011, there have been changes in the medical care of our primary immune thrombocytopenia patients: they receive lower doses of steroids, they stay fewer days in the hospital, and the number of splenectomies has decreased without increasing bleeding or worsening the clinical evolution. Furthermore, it was observed that age younger than 5 years and a history of infection prior to diagnosis were related to higher chances of recovery.


Subject(s)
Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic , Chicago , Child , Child, Preschool , Hemorrhage , Humans , Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/diagnosis , Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/therapy , Retrospective Studies , Splenectomy
5.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 119(3): e202-e214, Junio 2021. tab, ilus
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1223316

ABSTRACT

La trombocitopenia, definida como recuento plaquetario inferior a 100 x 109/l, es un hallazgo muy frecuente en el período neonatal, que ocurre, en especial, en niños críticamente enfermos y en prematuros. Sus causas son múltiples: puede deberse tanto a enfermedades del niño como a otros factores involucrados en la interrelación niño-placenta-madre. En este primer artículo, se enumeran las causas de trombocitopenia; se plantea el enfoque diagnóstico frente a un neonato trombocitopénico y se describen detalladamente las distintas entidades correspondientes a trombocitopenias de etiología inmune. Se presentan los diferentes mecanismos causales y se revisan las distintas características de la trombocitopenia secundaria a trombocitopenia inmune materna y de la trombocitopenia neonatal aloinmune. Se describen las diversas estrategias terapéuticas disponibles para cada una de ellas, tanto para su manejo posnatal como para el prenatal. Se enfatiza sobre la gravedad de la enfermedad y las serias complicaciones y secuelas asociadas a la trombocitopenia neonatal aloinmune


Thrombocytopenia, defined as a platelet count below 100 x 109/L, is a very common finding in the neonatal period, especially in critically ill infants and preterm newborns. Its causes are multiple: it may be due both to pediatric conditions and to other factors involved in the fetal-placental-maternal interface. This initial article describes the causes of thrombocytopenia, proposes a diagnostic approach to manage a thrombocytopenic newborn infant, and provides a detailed description of the different conditions corresponding to thrombocytopenia of immune etiology. It also describes the different causative mechanisms and reviews the varying characteristics of thrombocytopenia secondary to maternal immune thrombocytopenia and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia. The different treatment approaches to each of the different conditions are described both for their pre- as well as their postnatal management. The severity of thrombocytopenia and the serious complications and sequelae associated with the neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia are highlighted.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Thrombocytopenia, Neonatal Alloimmune/etiology , Thrombocytopenia, Neonatal Alloimmune/therapy , Immunoglobulin G/therapeutic use , Platelet Transfusion , Diagnosis, Differential , Thrombocytopenia, Neonatal Alloimmune/diagnosis , Hemorrhage
6.
Gac. méd. Méx ; 157(supl.3): S104-S111, feb. 2021.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1375508

ABSTRACT

Resumen La trombocitopenia inmune primaria (TIP) es una trastorno autoinmune adquirido caracterizado por el recuento bajo de plaquetas como resultado de la destrucción de plaquetas y la producción de plaquetas deteriorada. La falta de ensayos aleatorizados sobre el manejo de la TIP ha dado como resultado controversias significativas y gran variación en la práctica clínica para su diagnóstico y tratamiento. Aunado a esto, la pandemia actual de enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), causada por el nuevo coronavirus 2 del síndrome respiratorio agudo grave (SARS-CoV-2), plantea una serie de dilemas para el estudio y tratamiento de los pacientes con trombocitopenia inmune, incluyendo las ventajas y desventajas de las opciones terapéuticas estándar para la TIP de reciente diagnóstico o en recaída y cronicidad, en cada uno de los enfoques de manejo: observación, corticosteroides, inmunoglobulina intravenosa, inmunoglobulina anti-D (anti-DIg), rituximab, esplenectomía y agonistas de los receptores de trombopoyetina, así como el reconocimiento de los desafíos planteados al manejo de pacientes con TIP con manifestaciones hemorrágicas y riesgo trombótico observado en pacientes hospitalizados con infección por SARS-CoV-2. Por tal motivo, el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo plasmar y ofrecer recomendaciones y pautas a seguir tanto en niños como en adultos con y sin COVID-19, ante el riesgo y beneficio en cada escenario, basado en consenso de expertos y guías ya establecidas (sobre todo para pacientes adultos) para el manejo, tratamiento y seguimiento de la TIP en el contexto de la actual pandemia.


Abstract Primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an acquired autoimmune disorder characterized by low platelet count as a result of platelet destruction and impaired platelet production. The lack of randomized trials on the management of IPT has resulted in significant controversy and great variation in clinical practice for its diagnosis and treatment. In addition to this, the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), poses a series of dilemmas for the study and treatment of patients with immune thrombocytopenia, including the advantages and disadvantages of therapeutic options standard for newly diagnosed or relapsed and chronic IPT, in each of the management approaches: observation, corticosteroids, IV immunoglobulin, anti-D immunoglobulin, rituximab, splenectomy and thrombopoietin receptor agonists, as well as recognition of the challenges posed to the management of patients with IPT with hemorrhagic manifestations and thrombotic risk observed in hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. For this reason, the present work aims to capture and offer recommendations and guidelines to follow in both children and adults with and without COVID-19, given the risk and benefit in each scenario, based on consensus of experts and already established guidelines (on all for adult patients) for the management, treatment and follow-up of IPT in the context of the current pandemic.

7.
Odontol. vital ; (33)dic. 2020.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, SaludCR | ID: biblio-1386435

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: La trombocitopenia inmune primaria (PTI) es una enfermedad caracterizada por la destrucción acelerada de plaquetas o la producción inadecuada de estas. Se puede clasificar según su etiología en primaria y secundaria. Métodos: Se presenta el caso de un paciente sexo masculino de 30 años de edad, que acude al servicio de urgencia dental del Hospital Barros Luco, por lesiones hemorrágicas mucosa oral y pequeñas manchas rojas en manos, brazos y espalda, de veinticuatro horas de evolución, asintomáticas y sin causa atribuible. Al examen físico se corrobora la presencia de múltiples vesículas hemorrágicas en región bucal y petequias en las zonas descritas. Se realiza diagnóstico presuntivo de PTI que se confirma al obtener un recuento plaquetario (RP) de 2000 uL. Se deriva a medicina interna para evaluación y manejo. La literatura describe que para confirmar esta enfermedad se requiere una historia clínica exhaustiva, descartar una patología sistémica o infecciosa previa y pruebas de laboratorio que evidencien recuento normal de células sanguíneas con una trombocitopenia marcada. Conclusión: El odontólogo tiene un rol significativo en el manejo multidisciplinario en este tipo de cuadros donde el conocimiento de manifestaciones orales de enfermedades sistémicas es de vital importancia para el diagnóstico, derivación y posterior tratamiento de estas.


Abstract Introduction: Primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a disease characterized by accelerated destruction of platelets or inadequate production of platelets. It can be classified according to its etiology in primary and secondary. Methods: We present the case of a 30-year-old male patient, who comes to the dental emergency service of the Barros Luco Hospital, for oral mucosa hemorrhagic lesions and small red spots on the hands, arms and back, 24 hours of evolution, asymptomatic and without attributable cause. Physical examination corroborates the presence of multiple hemorrhagic vesicles in the oral region and petechiae in the areas described. A presumptive diagnosis of ITP is made and confirmed by obtaining a platelet count (RP) of 2000 uL. He is referred to internal medicine for evaluation and management. The literature describes that confirming this disease requires an exhaustive medical history, ruling out a previous infectious or systemic pathology, and laboratory tests that show normal blood cell counts with marked thrombocytopenia. Conclusions: The dentist has a significant role in multidisciplinary management in this type of condition, where knowledge of oral manifestations of systemic diseases is of vital importance for the diagnosis, referral and subsequent treatment of these. Oral manifestations in primary immune thrombocytopenia patients. Case report


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Pathology, Oral , Thrombocytopenia/complications , Chile
8.
An Pediatr (Engl Ed) ; 93(1): 16-23, 2020 Jul.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31257135

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Although primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is rare in childhood, it is the most frequent cause of thrombocytopenia. There have been attempts to establish risk factors to predict the progression of the disease in order to optimise its management, which has changed in recent years due to, among other reasons, specialised care. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective, observational and analytical study was conducted on patients diagnosed with ITP over a 3-year period in a Paediatric Haematology specialist clinic. RESULTS: From the epidemiological, clinical and analytical point of view, the characteristics of this group are similar to others. Most of the patients (23/31, 74.2%) had ITP for less than 12 months, with there being no serious complications related to the disease or the treatment received. It was established that risk factors were related to being slowly evolving (lower event-free survival (EFS)) with no statistical significance, female gender, age over 10 years, leukopenia absence of initial severe thrombocytopenia, and non-specialised care. The absence of a history of infection was significantly related to a lower EFS. CONCLUSIONS: The epidemiological and analytical risk factors for a slowly evolving ITP are the same that described in the literature. Patients treated before the beginning of specialised care also had a lower EFS. These data seem to support the current recommendation that rare diseases should be managed in specialised units.


Subject(s)
Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/diagnosis , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Disease Progression , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Prognosis , Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/complications , Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/epidemiology , Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/therapy , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Spain/epidemiology
9.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 117(6): S243-S254, dic. 2019. Tab, graf
Article in Spanish | BINACIS, LILACS | ID: biblio-1051620

ABSTRACT

El manejo de la trombocitopenia inmune es motivo de discusión en lo concerniente a evolución,diagnóstico, pronóstico y tratamiento. Se han publicado arias guías que expresan distintas opiniones de expertos, pero no existe aún consenso mundial sobre cuál es el manejo más adecuado de la enfermedad. Esta guía establece los criterios para definir el diagnóstico; detalla el plan de estudios de laboratorio por realizar inicialmente; plantea los distintos diagnósticos diferenciales; desarrolla aspectos relativos a evolución y pronóstico, y enumera los tratamientos disponibles para las formas agudas y las crónicas, así como para el manejo de las emergencias y en algunas situaciones especiales.


Management, outcome, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of immune thrombocytopenia are controversial. Several guidelines stating different experts' opinions have been published; however, no worldwide consensus regarding the management of the disease has still been reached. This guideline defines diagnostic criteria, states initial laboratory tests, establishes differential diagnosis, develops topics concerning outcome and prognosis, and enumerates available treatments for acute and chronic disease, as well as for management of life-threatening bleeding.


Subject(s)
Humans , Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/diagnosis , Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/therapy , Pediatrics
10.
An Pediatr (Engl Ed) ; 91(2): 127.e1-127.e10, 2019 Aug.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31178291

ABSTRACT

Primary immune thrombocytopenia, formerly known as immune thrombocytopenic purpura, is a disease for which the clinical and therapeutic management has always been controversial. The ITP working group of the Spanish Society of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology has updated its guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of primary immune thrombocytopenia in children, based on current guidelines, bibliographic review, clinical assays, and member consensus. The main objective is to reduce clinical variability in diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, in order to obtain best clinical results with minimal adverse events and good quality of life.


Subject(s)
Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/therapy , Quality of Life , Child , Humans , Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/diagnosis
11.
Rev. cuba. hematol. inmunol. hemoter ; 35(2): e874, abr.-jun. 2019.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1093265

ABSTRACT

La trombocitopenia inmune primaria está asociada con múltiples factores que pueden conducir a la pérdida de autotolerancia a los antígenos en la superficie de las plaquetas y los megacariocitos. Varios agentes infecciosos han sido implicados. Los virus herpes debido a la alta prevalencia en la población y el tropismo por las células linfoides se han relacionado con el desarrollo de esta entidad. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica utilizando motores de búsqueda como Ebsco y Pubmed que permitió el acceso a artículos relacionados en revistas arbitradas. Se recolectó y organizó información sobre la implicación de la infección por citomegalovirus y EBV en el desarrollo de trombocitopenia inmune primaria. La mayoría de los artículos indican que en estos virus, la naturaleza no citolítica de la replicación favorece el tiempo de interacción y modulación en las células huésped que son frecuentemente linfocitos B, T y asesinas naturales. El diagnóstico oportuno y la terapia adecuada en estos pacientes contribuyen a la inmunomodulación de la autorreactividad y eliminación viral que, a la luz de los conocimientos actuales, es esencial para el tratamiento clínico integrado. Es necesario considerar el monitoreo del estado serológico y molecular de estos herpes virus, en pacientes en los que la historia natural de la enfermedad sugiere su asociación, especialmente en trombocitopenia inmunitaria primaria o secundaria; por el alto nivel de relación de los mecanismos de producción de la autoinmunidad, la dismielopoyesis y la linfoproliferación, con la patogénesis de la infección por estos virus(AU)


Primary immune thrombocytopenia is associated with multiple factors that may lead to loss of self-tolerance to the antigens on the surface of platelets and megakaryocytes. Several infectious agents have been implicated. Herpes viruses due to the high prevalence in the population and tropism by the lymphoid cells have been related to the development of this entity. A bibliographic review was made using search engines such as Ebsco and Pubmed that allowed access to related articles in magazines arbitrated. Information was collected and organized that involved the role of cytomegalovirus and EBV infection in the development of ITP. Most of the articles indicate that in these viruses, the non-cytolytic nature of replication favors the time of interaction and modulation on host cells that are frequently B, T and natural killer lymphocytes. Timely diagnosis and appropriate therapy in these patients contributes to the immunomodulation of self-reactivity and viral elimination, in the light of current knowledge, is essential for integrated clinical treatment. Consider monitoring the serological and molecular status of these herpes viruses in patients in whom the natural history of the disease suggests their association, especially in primary or secondary immune thrombocytopenia; by the high level of relation of the mechanisms of production of the autoimmunity, the dysmielopoyesis and the lymph proliferation with the pathogenesis of the infection by these viruses(AU)


Subject(s)
Thrombocytopenia/therapy , Cytomegalovirus Infections/epidemiology , Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/epidemiology , Thrombocytopenia/epidemiology
12.
An Pediatr (Engl Ed) ; 89(3): 189.e1-189.e8, 2018 Sep.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30033108

ABSTRACT

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a relatively common disorder in childhood. Although it usually achieves spontaneous remission at this age, the management of persistent or chronic ITP in children is still controversial. The aim of this article is to address current controversies related to the treatment of persistent, chronic, and refractory ITP in children, including the role of rituximab and splenectomy, as well as focusing on a new approach with thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO-RAs). Eltrombopag and romiplostim are safe and useful drugs for paediatric ITP. These two TPO-RAs might delay surgery and other treatments such as rituximab. However, the potential side effects described in adult patients should be considered. Paediatric patients with refractory ITP, undergoing new treatments, should be supervised in specialised centres.


Subject(s)
Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/therapy , Child , Chronic Disease , Decision Trees , Humans , Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/diagnosis
13.
Gac. méd. boliv ; 40(2): 34-38, dic. 2017. ilus, graf, map, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-892336

ABSTRACT

La trombocitopenia inmune primaria (TIP) es una enfermedad hematológica de causa inmunológica que presenta una plaquetopenia inferior a 100 000 plaquetas/mm3 y tiene una incidencia de 4 casos por cada 100 000 habitantes, siendo más prevalente entre los 2 a 6 años de edad. Esta entidad continúa siendo un desafío con respecto a la terapéutica y puede conllevar a complicaciones graves muy difíciles de resolver una vez establecidas.Se presenta el caso de un lactante menor de sexo masculino que curso con por un cuadro de palidez generalizada con aparición súbita de hematoma en mucosa oral, máculas equimóticas y hemorragias puntiformes en toda la superficie corporal. En los exámenes realizados se evidenciaron trombocitopenia y anemia grave, llegando al diagnóstico de trombocitopenia inmune primaria inicialmente manejada con transfusiones y posteriormente con corticoides. A pesar del manejo, el cuadro evolucionó con complicaciones de hemorragia intraparenquimatosa y declino neurológico.


Primary immune thrombocytopenia (PIT) is a hematological disease of immunological cause that has platelet count less than 100 000 platelets / mm3 and has an incidence of 4 cases per 100 000 inhabitants, being more prevalent between 2 and 6 years of age. This entity remains a challenge with regard to therapeutics and can lead to serious complications that are difficult to resolve once established. We report the case of a young male infant who has a generalized pallor with sudden onset of hematoma in the oral mucosa, equimotic macules and punctate hemorrhages throughout the body surface. In the examinations performed thrombocytopenia and severe anemia were evident, arriving at the diagnoses of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura initially managed with transfusions and later with corticoids. despite the treatment the case progress whith complications of intraparenchymal hemorrhage accompanied by neurological decline


Subject(s)
Humans , Child, Preschool , Purpura/diagnosis , Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use , Splenectomy
14.
Bol. méd. Hosp. Infant. Méx ; 74(2): 141-146, mar.-abr. 2017. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-888607

ABSTRACT

Resumen: Introducción: El síndrome de Evans se caracteriza por la disminución de, al menos, dos líneas celulares en ausencia de otros diagnósticos. Anteriormente, se definía como el desarrollo simultáneo o secuencial de trombocitopenia inmune primaria y anemia hemolítica autoinmune sin etiología específica. Se ha reportado una incidencia del 37% y una mortalidad del 10% de este síndrome. Casos clínicos: Se presenta la información clínica y la evolución del síndrome de Evans en dos pacientes lactantes que inicialmente fueron diagnosticados con trombocitopenia inmune primaria. El diagnóstico clínico se apoyó con estudios de gabinete, donde se corroboraron las alteraciones hematológicas. El manejo se realizó con esteroides e inmunoglobulina. Conclusiones: En el abordaje del paciente pediátrico con trombocitopenia se deben buscar alteraciones de otra línea celular. En los casos reportados se detectó la presencia de anemia hemolítica y monocitosis, por lo que se deben incluir estudios infecciosos e inmunológicos. El tratamiento de primera línea es con esteroides, y debe considerarse la administración de inmunoglobulina si existe trombocitopenia severa asociada, como se observó en estos casos.


Abstract: Background: Evans syndrome is characterized by the reduction of at least two blood cell lineages in the absence of other diagnoses; it was previously described as the simultaneous or sequential development of autoimmune hemolytic anemia and immune thrombocytopenia with unknown etiology. An incidence of 37% and mortality rate of 10% were reported for Evans syndrome. Clinical cases: We report the clinical presentation and evolution of Evans syndrome in two infants who were initially diagnosed with immune thrombocytopenia. The clinical diagnosis was supported on complementary studies, where hematological disorders were corroborated. Both cases received treatment with steroids and intravenous immunoglobulin. Conclusions: For the management of children with thrombocytopenia, the pediatrician must analyze for other cell lineage disorders. In the cases that we report here, we found the presence of autoimmune hemolytic anemia and monocytosis. Therefore, infectious and immunological studies must be included. The first-line treatment of choice are steroids, and intravenous immunoglobulin can be considered if severe immune thrombocytopenia is associated, as observed in these cases.

15.
Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex ; 74(2): 141-146, 2017.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29382497

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Evans syndrome is characterized by the reduction of at least two blood cell lineages in the absence of other diagnoses; it was previously described as the simultaneous or sequential development of autoimmune hemolytic anemia and immune thrombocytopenia with unknown etiology. An incidence of 37% and mortality rate of 10% were reported for Evans syndrome. CLINICAL CASES: We report the clinical presentation and evolution of Evans syndrome in two infants who were initially diagnosed with immune thrombocytopenia. The clinical diagnosis was supported on complementary studies, where hematological disorders were corroborated. Both cases received treatment with steroids and intravenous immunoglobulin. CONCLUSIONS: For the management of children with thrombocytopenia, the pediatrician must analyze for other cell lineage disorders. In the cases that we report here, we found the presence of autoimmune hemolytic anemia and monocytosis. Therefore, infectious and immunological studies must be included. The first-line treatment of choice are steroids, and intravenous immunoglobulin can be considered if severe immune thrombocytopenia is associated, as observed in these cases.


Subject(s)
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune/diagnosis , Glucocorticoids/administration & dosage , Immunoglobulins, Intravenous/administration & dosage , Thrombocytopenia/diagnosis , Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune/drug therapy , Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune/physiopathology , Humans , Infant , Male , Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/diagnosis , Thrombocytopenia/drug therapy , Thrombocytopenia/physiopathology
16.
Odontol. vital ; jun. 2016.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1506867

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La trombocitopenia inmune primaria (PTI) es una enfermedad caracterizada por la destrucción acelerada de plaquetas o la producción inadecuada de estas. Se puede clasificar según su etiología en primaria y secundaria. Métodos: Se presenta el caso de un paciente sexo masculino de 30 años de edad, que acude al servicio de urgencia dental del Hospital Barros Luco, por lesiones hemorrágicas mucosa oral y pequeñas manchas rojas en manos, brazos y espalda, de veinticuatro horas de evolución, asintomáticas y sin causa atribuible. Al examen físico se corrobora la presencia de múltiples vesículas hemorrágicas en región bucal y petequias en las zonas descritas. Se realiza diagnóstico presuntivo de PTI que se confirma al obtener un recuento plaquetario (RP) de 2000 uL. Se deriva a medicina interna para evaluación y manejo. La literatura describe que para confirmar esta enfermedad se requiere una historia clínica exhaustiva, descartar una patología sistémica o infecciosa previa y pruebas de laboratorio que evidencien recuento normal de células sanguíneas con una trombocitopenia marcada. Conclusión: El odontólogo tiene un rol significativo en el manejo multidisciplinario en este tipo de cuadros donde el conocimiento de manifestaciones orales de enfermedades sistémicas es de vital importancia para el diagnóstico, derivación y posterior tratamiento de estas.


Introduction: Primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a disease characterized by accelerated destruction of platelets or inadequate production of platelets. It can be classified according to its etiology in primary and secondary. Methods: We present the case of a 30-year-old male patient, who comes to the dental emergency service of the Barros Luco Hospital, for oral mucosa hemorrhagic lesions and small red spots on the hands, arms and back, 24 hours of evolution, asymptomatic and without attributable cause. Physical examination corroborates the presence of multiple hemorrhagic vesicles in the oral region and petechiae in the areas described. A presumptive diagnosis of ITP is made and confirmed by obtaining a platelet count (RP) of 2000 uL. He is referred to internal medicine for evaluation and management. The literature describes that confirming this disease requires an exhaustive medical history, ruling out a previous infectious or systemic pathology, and laboratory tests that show normal blood cell counts with marked thrombocytopenia. Conclusions: The dentist has a significant role in multidisciplinary management in this type of condition, where knowledge of oral manifestations of systemic diseases is of vital importance for the diagnosis, referral and subsequent treatment of these. Oral manifestations in primary immune thrombocytopenia patients. Case report

17.
ARS med. (Santiago, En línea) ; 41(3): 21-26, 2016.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1016256

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La trombocitopenia inmune es una enfermedad caracterizada por destrucción plaquetaria mediada por anticuerpos. Se ha planteado que Helicobacter pylori podría actuar como gatillante y modulador de dicha enfermedad, por lo que el objetivo de esta revisión es evaluar si la erradicación de este agente podría constituir un tratamiento efectivo para la trombocitopenia inmune. Métodos: El protocolo fue diseñado, y será reportado, en línea con Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols (PRISMA-P). Se realizará una búsqueda de estudios controlados aleatorizados, que incluyan pacientes con trombocitopenia inmune y que hayan recibido terapia de erradicación para Helicobacter pylori. Los desenlaces a evaluar serán el sangrado, la mortalidad, la necesidad de esplenectomía, el incremento en el recuento plaquetario, entre otros. Realizaremos búsquedas sensibles en MEDLINE, CENTRAL y EMBASE, sin restricción por lenguaje o publicación, las cuales serán complementadas con búsquedas en otras fuentes. Al menos dos investigadores realizarán de manera independiente la selección de los estudios y la extracción de los datos. Se evaluará el riesgo de sesgo utilizando la herramienta recomendada por la colaboración Cochrane. Se realizará metanálisis y se presentarán los datos mediante el método GRADE. Fortalezas y debilidades: Esta revisión sistemática entregará una síntesis rigurosa y actualizada de los efectos de la erradicación de Helicobacter pylori en la trombocitopenia inmune. La principal limitación podría provenir de la baja revisión sistemática (PROSPERO): CRD42015022161.(AU)


Background: Immune Thrombocytopenia is a condition characterized by antibody-mediated platelet destruction. Helicobacter pylori has been postulated as a potential trigger or modulator in this disease, so Helicobacter pylori eradication has been proposed as a reported in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols (PRISMA-P). We will conduct a search of randomized controlled trials, including patients with immune thrombocytopenia that received eradication therapy for Helicobacter pylori. The evaluated outcomes will be bleeding, mortality, need of splenectomy, platelet count, among others. We will develop sensitive search strategies for MEDLINE, EMBASE and CENTRAL, with no language or publication restriction. We will complement electronic searches with other sources. At least two reviewers will independently select trials and extract data. We will use Cochrane tool for risk of bias assessment to assess included studies. We will conduct meta-analysis and data will be presented using the GRADE approach. Strengths and limitations: This systematic review will provide a rigorous and updated summary of the effects of Helicobacter pylori eradication on immune thrombocytopenia. The main limitation might arise from the low quantity or quality of trials identified for this topic. Systematic review register number (PROSPERO): CRD42015022161(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Thrombocytopenia , Disease Eradication , Therapeutics , Helicobacter pylori , Meta-Analysis , Systematic Review
18.
Rev. cuba. hematol. inmunol. hemoter ; 30(3): 196-207, jul.-sept. 2014.
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-58216

ABSTRACT

La trombocitopenia afecta hasta el 10 por ciento de todos los embarazos y es un diagnóstico común y un problema en el manejo de las pacientes, ya que puede estar relacionado con condiciones prexistentes presentes en las mujeres en edad fértil, como la trombocitopenia inmune primaria y las trombocitopenias congénitas; o con trastornos intrínsecos del embarazo, como la trombocitopenia gestacional. Se recomienda que todas las mujeres embarazadas con recuento de plaquetas por debajo de 100 x 10(9)/L sean sometidas a una evaluación por el hematólogo y el obstetra. El análisis cuidadoso del momento del inicio de la trombocitopenia asociado a las manifestaciones clínicas y las pruebas de laboratorio específicas, es indispensable para proporcionar un diagnostico apropiado y una asistencia médica materna-fetal en el momento oportuno, en preparación para el desafío homeostático(AU)


Thrombocytopenia affects up to 10 percent of all pregnant women and is a common diagnosis and a problem in the management of patients as it may be related to preexisting conditions in women of childbearing age, such as primary immune thrombocytopenia and congenital thrombocytopenia or intrinsic disorders of pregnancy as gestational thrombocytopenia. It is recommended that all pregnant women with a platelet count below 100 x 10(9) / L should undergo an evaluation by the hematologist and the obstetrician. Careful analysis of the time of onset of thrombocytopenia associated to clinical manifestations and specific laboratory tests are essential to provide appropriate diagnosis and maternal - fetal medical care at the right time, when preparing for the homeostatic challenge(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Thrombocytopenia/complications , Thrombocytopenia/diagnosis , Thrombocytopenia/prevention & control , Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic/diagnosis , Platelet Count/methods
19.
Rev. cuba. hematol. inmunol. hemoter ; 30(3): 196-207, jul.-set. 2014.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-723757

ABSTRACT

La trombocitopenia afecta hasta el 10 por ciento de todos los embarazos y es un diagnóstico común y un problema en el manejo de las pacientes, ya que puede estar relacionado con condiciones prexistentes presentes en las mujeres en edad fértil, como la trombocitopenia inmune primaria y las trombocitopenias congénitas; o con trastornos intrínsecos del embarazo, como la trombocitopenia gestacional. Se recomienda que todas las mujeres embarazadas con recuento de plaquetas por debajo de 100 x 10(9)/L sean sometidas a una evaluación por el hematólogo y el obstetra. El análisis cuidadoso del momento del inicio de la trombocitopenia asociado a las manifestaciones clínicas y las pruebas de laboratorio específicas, es indispensable para proporcionar un diagnostico apropiado y una asistencia médica materna-fetal en el momento oportuno, en preparación para el desafío homeostático...


Thrombocytopenia affects up to 10 percent of all pregnant women and is a common diagnosis and a problem in the management of patients as it may be related to preexisting conditions in women of childbearing age, such as primary immune thrombocytopenia and congenital thrombocytopenia or intrinsic disorders of pregnancy as gestational thrombocytopenia. It is recommended that all pregnant women with a platelet count below 100 x 10(9) / L should undergo an evaluation by the hematologist and the obstetrician. Careful analysis of the time of onset of thrombocytopenia associated to clinical manifestations and specific laboratory tests are essential to provide appropriate diagnosis and maternal - fetal medical care at the right time, when preparing for the homeostatic challenge...


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic/diagnosis , Thrombocytopenia/complications , Thrombocytopenia/diagnosis , Thrombocytopenia/prevention & control , Platelet Count/methods
20.
Rev. méd. Urug ; 30(1): 30-6, mar. 2014. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-737568

ABSTRACT

Introducción: rituximab es un anticuerpo monoclonal que se une específicamente al antígeno CD20 expresado en los linfocitos B. El uso de rituximab en el tratamiento de la trombocitopenia inmune refractaria no se encuentra aprobado en su ficha técnica. Objetivo: describir las características clínicas, la respuesta terapéutica y los aspectos vinculados a la seguridad con el uso de rituximab en los pacientes con trombocitopenia inmune refractaria asistidos en la Cátedra de Hematología del Hospital de Clínicas y revisar la evidencia sobre el beneficio clínico esperado en este grupo de pacientes. Material y método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo de los pacientes con trombocitopenia inmune refractaria asistidos en la Cátedra de Hematología del Hospital de Clínicas a quienes se les prescribió rituximab. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en PubMed sobre el uso de rituximab en este tipo de patología. Resultados: se trataron cuatro pacientes con trombocitopenia inmune refractaria con rituximab. Se obtuvo respuesta en tres de cuatro pacientes. La media de tiempo de respuesta fue 9,25 semanas. La respuesta se ha mantenido en los tres pacientes. No se registraron efectos adversos durante la perfusión de rituximab. La evidencia publicada se limita a estudios observacionales, en adultos, con pocos pacientes, habiendo mostrado respuestas favorables. Conclusiones: existen limitaciones en la evidencia sobre el tratamiento de la trombocitopenia inmune refractaria, pero rituximab constituye una alternativa efectiva. Es indispensable la integración clínica para monitorizar la efectividad y seguridad del uso de anticuerpos monoclonales, especialmente en indicaciones no aprobadas...


Subject(s)
Humans , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived/therapeutic use , Thrombocytopenia/therapy
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