[Perioperative smoking cessation (conventional smoking and e-cigarettes) in 2023. A narrative review of the literature]. / Gestion périopératoire des cigarettes conventionnelles et électroniques. Actualisation 2023. Une revue narrative de la littérature.

INTRODUCTION: Tobacco addiction is the leading cause of preventable death. During the perioperative period, patients who smoke are at increased risk of systemic as well as surgical site complications. STATE OF THE ART: Surgery is an ideal time for change of lifestyle habits. It is vital to seize this opportunity to improve the patient's health in the long- as well as the short-term. Smoking cessation should be encouraged in all surgical patients. Initiating smoking cessation combines pharmacological treatment and a behavioral approach. In this field, significant advances have been recorded over the last decade. This review proposes a practical approach that every practitioner will be able to apply. PERSPECTIVES: In this review, we will also examine ongoing research, particularly as regards vaccination and the place of biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS: Smoking represents a major source of health-related complications. Smoking cessation must therefore remain a priority in the management of medical and surgical patients.

[Denormalizing smoking, a public health issue for society and hospitals alike]. / Dénormaliser le tabagisme, un enjeu de santé publique dans la société mais aussi à l'hôpital.

Since the industrialization of tobacco production in the last century, tobacco has been a popular product in all walks of life. Its harmful effects, now well recognized, have led to the implementation of increasingly active health policies. Its place in public life is increasingly controlled. This approach aims to prevent the continuation of risky behaviours associated with its use. Hospitals are becoming a model for the denormalization of smoking.

[Tobacco and tuberculosis: the nature of the links and the consequences of this association]. / Tabac et tuberculose : nature des liens et conséquences de cette association.

Tuberculosis and smoking are responsible for significant mortality worldwide. Smoking is spreading in emerging countries, and its prevalence is high in developed countries among socially disadvantaged populations; it could be the source of a resurgence of tuberculosis in future years. The aim of this review is to clarify the consequences of the association between smoking and tuberculosis, and the benefits of smoking cessation for smokers with tuberculosis.

Smoking and short-term response to intravitreal anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor injections in neovascular age-related macular degeneration.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the role of smoking status on the response to three monthly intravitreal anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (anti-VEGF) injections in treatment-naive neovascular AMD (nAMD) patients. METHODS: We conducted a single-center, retrospective, case-control cohort study in Belgium. RESULTS: Intravitreal treatment (IVT) was performed in 147 eyes of 131 patients, including 92 females (70%). Mean age at the time of the first IVT was 79±9 years. Seventeen patients (13%) were actively smoking at the time of the anti-VEGF IVT. On average, active smokers were 11 years younger than non-smokers when starting IVT treatment. They also showed more frequent subretinal fluid than non-smokers (94% vs. 65%). Mann-Whitney analyses comparing change in central macular thickness and change in logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution visual acuity between active smokers and non-smokers showed no significant difference in treatment response between both groups. Likewise, no significant difference was found when comparing treatment response between patients with less than 10 pack-years (PY) (including never-smokers) and patients with over 10 PY. In a binary logistic regression model, male patients responded worse to anti-VEGF IVT than their female counterparts, with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.27 for good response. This was the only statistically significant predictor of treatment response. CONCLUSION: Our study failed to demonstrate an effect of smoking on the short-term treatment response to anti-VEGF in nAMD.

[Tobacco and surgery: A survey of health professionals' practices and knowledge. A role for the community pharmacist]. / Tabac et chirurgie : enquête sur les pratiques et les connaissances des professionnels de santé. Un rôle pour le pharmacien d'officine.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the knowledge and management of preoperative smoking patients by different health professionals. METHOD: We conducted a survey among surgeons, anesthesiologists, and pharmacists using questionnaires. The study included 115 pharmacists and 7 physicians. RESULTS: Only 28% of pharmacists felt they had the necessary knowledge about smoking cessation before surgery and its consequences. Moreover, pharmacists were informed of the surgery less than one month before in 61% of cases, whereas physicians claimed to inform patients at least 3 months before in 57% of cases. The main reasons mentioned by the pharmacist for not informing the patient about presurgical smoking cessation were a lack of knowledge of the information to be relayed and a late knowledge of the scheduling of a surgery. Additionally, 57% of physicians stated that they never prescribed nicotine replacement products, while 42% of pharmacists felt that they never dispensed them. CONCLUSION: The study provides a clear picture of the smoking pathway before surgery and highlights areas for improvement in the management of preoperative smoking patients by different health professionals.

[Pregnant women's use of tobacco and electronic cigarettes: A cross sectional survey]. / Usage du tabac et de la cigarette électronique chez la femme enceinte : une étude transversale.

OBJECTIVES: The article aims to describe tobacco and e-cigarette use among pregnant women: estimate the prevalence, identify the determinants and motivations of these behaviours. METHODS: Cross-sectional, multicentre, descriptive observational study using self-administered questionnaires for pregnant women who visited ELENA healthcare centers in May 2021. RESULTS: Of 223 patients, 38% were smokers before pregnancy and 16% continued to smoke during pregnancy. Nearly all the smokers (98%) declared that they had reduced or stopped their tobacco use, mostly without help. Young age, lack of professional activity, an unfavourable reaction to the announcement of the pregnancy, heavy smoking before the pregnancy and the presence of a smoker spouse were associated with smoking during pregnancy. Our study identified 10% of vapers before pregnancy and 7.2% during pregnancy. Of those who vaped during pregnancy, 81% were smokers before pregnancy. Most of them used a nicotine containing liquid and 38% of vapers combined smoking and e-cigarettes during pregnancy. There was no association between vaping during pregnancy and smoking cessation. A minority of women had received information about smoking during pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: The use of electronic cigarettes by pregnant women is a poorly-known reality in France, yet it concerns approximately 7% of the women in our sample. Prospective studies on larger numbers are needed to assess the prevalence of vaping among French pregnant women and its evolution during pregnancy.

[Impact of smoking on the presence of diabetic cardiomyopathy]. / Impact du tabagisme sur la présence de la cardiomyopathie diabétique.

INTRODUCTION: Type 2 diabetes is associated with an increased risk of coronary disease and is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in this population. The main objective of our work is to study the correlation of left atrial volume index with coronary disease in type 2 diabetics. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cross-sectional, analytical, single-center study with prospective recruitment of 330 type 2 diabetic patients carried out at the Constantine Regional Military University Hospital over a period of 03 years (2016-2018) among which 18.8% (62 patients) are smokers. Early cardiac involvement represented by diastolic dysfunction was assessed by two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography. Data were analyzed using Epi info 7.2.1.0 software to study the impact of smoking on the presence of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. RESULTS: The average age of our cohort is 52.7 ± 8.4 years, an average of 7.1 ± 1.3% of glycated hemoglobin, an average of 5.3 ± 4.3 years of diabetes duration, a sex ratio to 1.01. 34.8% of patients had left atrial volume index ≥ 34 ml/m2. The prevalence of coronary disease is 27.0%. In multivariate analysis; left atrial volume index is significantly correlated with coronary stenosis (OR = 1.75, 95% CI [1.60 - 2.05], p = 0.02). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of cardiomyopathy is high in type 2 diabetes and smoking is significantly correlated with the presence of this diabetic cardiomyopathy.

[Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in cannabis smokers. A systematic literature review]. / Hémorragies alvéolaires diffuses chez les fumeurs de cannabis. Revue systématique.

Cannabis is the most widely used illicit psychoactive substance in France. It can be responsible for numerous pulmonary complications, including diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH). The objective of this systematic review of the literature was to present data concerning the relationship between cannabis smoking and DAH, which has rarely been reported in the literature. The review was based on a Medline search covering the 1980-2022 period and utilizing data drawn from 10 articles. DAH diagnosis is based on an association of hemoptysis, anemia and diffuse alveolar opacities on chest radiography with siderophages in the Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid (BAL). The 11 patients identified in this review were daily or regular cannabis smokers; in 4 cases they presented recent or recurrent hemoptysis with anemia; imaging revealed diffuse alveolar opacities in 10 of them, while BAL endoscopy highlighted a diffuse hemorrhage in the bronchial tree, and siderophages were observed in 6 cases. While evolution was favorable when cannabis consumption was discontinued, resumption occasioned DAH recurrence, and one patient died. Advice to quit should systematically be accompanied by addictological follow-up.

[Lung cancer screening: Update, news and perspectives]. / Dépistage du cancer du poumon : mise au point, actualités et perspectives.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in France and worldwide (20 % of cancer deaths). This mortality is partly linked to an overrepresentation of metastatic stages at diagnosis (approximately 55 % of lung cancers at diagnosis). Low-dose chest CT in a target population to detect early forms accessible to radical treatment has been evaluated through multiple randomized trials (NLST, NELSON, MILD, DANTE…). These trials demonstrated a reduction in lung cancer specific mortality. The current problem is to integrate a CT screening policy CT at a national level, which should be both efficient and cost-effective, while presenting the least harms for the eligible population. Finally, it is necessary to optimize the participation of the eligible population and particularly in the most deprived areas and ensure the proper implementation of smoking cessation measures.

Schizotypal dimensions are associated with current but not former tobacco consumption.

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to study the relationship between tobacco smoking and attenuated psychosis measures taking into account several aspects of tobacco consumption that to date have not been explored and that could help understand this association, such as age of onset, the influence of former consumption and the duration of abstinence. METHODS: We investigated, in a sample of 580 students, the relationship between schizotypy (using the schizotypal personality questionnaire-brief in a Likert format) and smoking status, nicotine dependence (measured with the Fagerström test for nicotine dependence), age of onset of smoking and in former smokers, duration of smoking abstinence. RESULTS: 35.2% of the students were current smokers and 13.4% were former smokers. We found that current but not former smokers had higher scores of schizotypy (total, positive and disorganized) than non-smokers. We found no association between schizotypy scores and nicotine dependence or earlier age of onset of smoking. The duration of smoking abstinence, in former smokers, was inversely correlated to the score of positive and total schizotypy. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that tobacco has a reversible effect on schizotypy, but more studies with a different design (controlled, longitudinal) and a more thorough exploration of potential confounders (e.g. cannabis) are needed before a firm conclusion can be reached.

[What is the contribution of smoking to the increased risk of suicide in young smokers? A systematic review]. / Quelle est la part du tabagisme dans l'augmentation du risque suicidaire chez les jeunes fumeurs ? Revue systématique.

OBJECTIVES: The correlation between smoking and suicide is well documented in the general population: there is an increased risk of suicide among tobacco smokers. However, the association between smoking and suicidal behaviors (ideations, plans, attempts) in youth is poorly elucidated. This is a systematic review of the literature examined data on the relationship between active and passive smoking and suicidal ideation (SI), suicide planning (SP), and suicide attempts (SA) among youth in the general population. METHOD: Medline searches were performed for the period 1980-2020. Cross-sectional, case-control, prospective population-based studies of young people (age less than 18 years) were included in this review; studies of specific populations (patients with an identified pathology of any kind) were excluded. RESULTS: This review included 43 studies: 23 studies on the association between active smoking and SI, SI and/or PS, TS; three studies on the association between passive smoking and suicidal behavior, three studies on the association between smoking and suicidal behavior in young people in psychiatric hospital settings, and five studies comparing the suicidal behavior of girls and boys. Analysis of the data collected lead to the conclusion that active or passive smoking is associated with suicidal behavior in young people. Smoking appears to contribute to psychopathological disorders, including depression, the use of other psychoactive substances, or psychosocial suffering which are often associated with an increased risk of suicide in young people. The correlations between smoking and the presence of mental disorders have been highlighted; tobacco use may contribute to the development of depression, anxiety and stress. Further studies are needed to verify the existence of a causal link between smoking and suicide. CONCLUSION: Smoking is associated with the risk of suicidal behavior in young people; it should be included among the criteria for assessing suicidal risk in youth. Smoking cessation, which improves psychological well-being, should be further integrated into the prevention of suicidal behavior.

[The ``tobacco-free hospital and campus'' action: mid-term evaluation of the needs expressed by students and professionals]. / Action « hôpital et campus sans tabac ¼ : évaluation à mi-parcours des connaissances de l'action et des besoins exprimés par les étudiants et les professionnels.

INTRODUCTION: In 2021, smoking was considered to be the leading cause of avoidable death in the world, causing numerous pathologies. The rate of smoking in French department of Finistère is high, and the ARS (regional health authority) has funded a prevention campaign for a tobacco-free hospital and campus in Brest. Some health students' smoke (17.8%) and/or vape (5.6%). The aim of this article was to study the middle-term impact of the Smokefree campus prevention campaign. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A descriptive cross-sectional study by self-administered questionnaire was carried out between 24/01/2022 and 21/02/2022, using Sphinx software. RESULTS: The participation rates were 29.9% (students) and 29.4% (professionals). Among students, 12.6% were smokers, as were 13.3% of professionals. Just over 75% of respondents were aware of Smokefree campus, and 75% knew that it concerned both vaping and smoking. Nearly 60% of respondents thought that the smoke-free campus program could improve coherence between (a) the care training function of the faculty and the IFPS and (b) its exemplarity on the issue of smoking. Among smokers, 44% thought that quitting smoking or vaping during working hours was possible, while and 44% thought that it was possible to quit, whatever the setting. For student smokers, this was contemplated by only 18.2%, and deemed possible by 24%. CONCLUSION: While the smoking rate has remained relatively high, the Smokefree campus campaign is widely known and understood. It is important to pursue this kind of prevention campaign insofar as it could have a positive impact on the health of future caregivers and their patients.

Functional AGXT2 SNP rs37369 Variant Is a Risk Factor for Diabetes Mellitus: Baseline Data From the Aidai Cohort Study in Japan.

OBJECTIVES: The relationship between alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase 2 (AGXT2) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and diabetes mellitus (DM) has not been investigated. Therefore, we performed a case-control study to examine this relationship. METHODS: The study subjects included 2,390 Japanese men and women aged 34 to 88 years. In total, 190 cases were defined as having a fasting plasma glucose level ≥126 mg/dL, having a glycated hemoglobin ≥6.5% or currently using diabetic medication. The 2,200 remaining participants served as control subjects. RESULTS: Compared with study subjects with the CC genotype of AGXT2 SNP rs37369, those with the TT, but not CT, genotype had a significantly increased risk of DM: the adjusted odds ratio (OR) for the TT genotype was 1.83 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04 to 3.47). AGXT2 SNPs rs37370 and rs180749 were not significantly associated with the risk of DM. The CTA haplotype of rs37370, rs37369 and rs180749 was significantly positively associated with the risk of DM (crude OR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.56), whereas the CCA haplotype was significantly inversely related to DM (crude OR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.27 to 0.95). The multiplicative interaction between AGXT2 SNP rs37369 and smoking status with regard to the risk of DM was not significant (p=0.32 for interaction). CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to show significant associations between AGXT2 SNP rs37369, the CTA haplotype, and the CCA haplotype and DM. No interaction with regard to the risk of DM was observed between rs37369 and smoking.

[Therapeutic education in patients with coronary artery disease: impact on smoking cessation]. / Éducation thérapeutique chez les patients coronariens : impact sur le sevrage tabagique.

AIM OF THE STUDY: To describe the results of a therapeutic education program (cessation rate and success factors) among smoking coronary patients followed in the smoking cessation clinic at Sahloul University Hospital in Sousse during the period from 2015 to 2020. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among smokers with coronary artery disease who presented to the smoking cessation clinic at Sahloul University Hospital during the period from 2015 to 2020. The data collection was done by reviewing the records of smokers. We defined cessation as complete and continuous abstinence at 1 week, at 3 months, at 6 months and at 12 months and more. The study of cessation success factors involved subjects whose cessation was maintained for 1 year or more. RESULTS: Among 93 patients with coronary artery disease, the prevalences of smoking cessation rates were 54.8% (n = 51), 44.1% (n = 41), 35.5% (n = 33), 31.2% (n = 29), and 24.7% (n = 23) at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months respectively. In univariate analysis, the number of visits greater than or equal to three (p = 0.000) and nicotine treatment (p = 0.018) were significantly associated with successful smoking cessation at 12 months. In multivariate analysis, being non-active (p = 0.028) with a Fagerstrom score <7 (p = 0.040) and three or more visits (p = 0.005) were the independent factors associated with successful smoking cessation at 12 months. CONCLUSION: The evaluation of the smoking cessation axis of therapeutic education of the coronary patient with tobacco addiction at the Sahloul University Hospital, allowed us to note that the cessation rate is comparable or even higher than that of other studies. However, the rate of maintenance of this cessation at 1 year and more proved to be low despite the strong motivation of the consultants. This observation allows us to better orientate the areas of improvement in the management of our consultants.

[Smoking, vaping among hospital staff during the Covid-19 pandemic: Appraisal of the "tobacco-free hospital, campus" campaign in Brest]. / Tabagisme et vapotage dans un CHRU en période de pandémie de covid-19 : Point de la campagne Hôpital et Campus Sans Tabac à Brest.

INTRODUCTION: In the framework of a "tobacco-free hospital and campus" campaign, we conducted a study on the prevalence of smoking and vaping among a university hospital (CHRU) staff. The study took place in late 2020 (from 1 September to 15 December), and involved self-assessment of the impact of the covid-19 pandemic on smoking. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A cross-sectional study was carried out using an online questionnaire, which was distributed by email and QR code posting and included socio-professional details as well as data on participants' smoking and vaping. RESULTS: There were 782 responses, representing a participation rate of 13.5%. The sample included 73.3% women and 22.7% men; 28.9% nurses, 24.9% medical staff, 3.6% nursing assistants and 42.6% other professional categories. The overall smoking rate was 13%. Sixty-two (7.9%) participants vaped; 37 (5%) vaped exclusively, 25 (3.2%) combined smoking and vaping. Men smoked more than women: 23.7% vs. 9.4% (P < 0.01). Medical staff smoked and vaped less than other categories; 6.2% vs 14.8% (P < 0.01) and 4.1% vs 9.1% respectively (P=0.02). Doctors were more often non-smokers: OR=2.71 (95% CI: 1.14-6.46). Among smokers, 25% said they had increased their cigarette consumption during the covid-19 pandemic, frequently as a means of combating stress or fatigue. CONCLUSION: This study showed a lower smoking rate than in the literature, possibly due to the high participation of physicians. Ours were the initial estimates of vaping among hospital staff.

Mortality attributable to tobacco in Tunisian adults, 2016Mortalité attribuable au tabac dans la population tunisienne adulte en 2016.

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to estimate the mortality attributable to current cigarette smoking among Tunisian individuals aged 30 years and over in 2016. METHODS: The number of deaths attributable to cigarette smoking was estimated using the population attributable fraction (PAF) method of calculation. Current cigarette smoking-related data and number of deaths by cause were obtained from a Tunisian national household survey conducted in 2016 (THES-2016) and the "Global Burden of Disease" study respectively. Relative risks for cause-specific mortality among current cigarette smokers compared to never-smokers were obtained mainly from the American cancer prevention study II (CPS II), including adjustments for a range of potential confounders. RESULTS: In 2016, 6,039 deaths were attributed to current cigarette smoking (5,934 in men and 105 in women), accounting for 14.3 % of total deaths in persons aged 30 years and over (24.2 % in men and 0.6 % in women). Lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and upper aerodigestive tract cancers represented the highest smoking-attributable risks (74.5 %, 49.1 % and 42.2 % respectively). CONCLUSIONS: In the present study, high rates of smoking-attributable mortality were found, mainly among men. In addition to more rigorous application of existing laws, sensitization to the dangers of tobacco, educational anti-smoking campaigns and help in quitting are of prime importance.

[Smoking prevalence among nursing students and nursing assistants in Mâcon: 2021 survey and evolution over 13 years]. / Prévalence du tabagisme parmi les étudiants infirmiers et aides-soignants de Mâcon: enquête 2021 et évolution depuis 2008.

INTRODUCTION: Smoking is a public health issue in France, especially among the young. Its specificities for caregivers and health students are part of a nationwide "Tobacco-free health place" strategy, underlining the importance of individual choices and the clinical roles of future health professionals. METHOD: Prospective survey by online questionnaire, conducted in 2021 among 238 nursing students and nursing assistants in Mâcon, concerning their smoking habits, vaping and the impact of the Covid-19 health crisis, the objectives being to assess the prevalence of smoking in this population, and compare it to previous surveys and data from the literature. In addition, smoking-related behavior was observed. RESULTS: One hundred and fifty-seven out of 238 students (66%), 95% of whom were women, responded to the questionnaire, with an average age of 25.1 years (SD: 7.7). Smoking prevalence was measured at 22%. This rate has fluctuated without declining in the surveys undertaken since 2008. Vaping was practiced by 8% of respondents, three-quarters of whom were also smokers. The health crisis appeared to have aggravated smoking habits among the future caregivers, two-fifths of whom considered it embarrassing for a caregiver to smoke, whatever their own smoking status. CONCLUSIONS: Smoking prevalence has not declined in this predominantly female student population, with results similar to those elsewhere in France, Young generations of caregivers will be challenged from the standpoints of personal health and professional skills in their treatment of smokers, which it would be desirable for them to ensure without undue cognitive dissonance.

[Smoking behaviours among staff of two university hospitals in Paris, 2021]. / Tabagisme du personnel de deux hôpitaux de l'Assistance Publique­Hôpitaux de Paris, 2021.

INTRODUCTION: A survey on smoking prevalence was conducted among staff at the Georges Pompidou and Corentin Celton hospitals in the framework of the "smoke-free hospital" project. It aimed to determine the smoking status of different categories of personnel, their desire to be helped to quit and, as regards healthcare staff, whether or not they were encouraging patients who smoked to try to quit. METHODS: From February to May 2021, an anonymous survey was distributed, first on paper in the occupational health unit, and then online in all wards. RESULTS: All in all, 775 people, three quarters of whom were women, participated in the survey (15% of the workforce). Among the respondents, 27% said they smoked: 29.6% of the men and 26.1% of the women. Unsurprisingly, the age group with the highest prevalence was 18-24years. High prevalence was likewise found among technical and administrative staff. More than half of the smokers, who consumed an average of 8 cigarettes a day, were interested in receiving smoking cessation support. As regards smoking cessation support for patients, 49% of medical and nursing staff (70% of the doctors) frequently or systematically advised them to quit. CONCLUSION: Our results illustrate a need to reach high-prevalence categories of smokers in a hospital setting, the objective being to help them to consider quitting, and also a need to train health professionals in smoking cessation counseling.

[Lung cancer screening with low dose computed tomography : a systematic review]. / Dépistage du cancer bronchique par tomodensitométrie à faible dose : une revue systématique des essais contrôlés randomisés.

INTRODUCTION: Bronchial cancer, often diagnosed at a late stage, is the leading cause of cancer death. As early detection could potentially lead to curative treatment, several studies have evaluated low-dose chest CT (LDCT) as a screening method. The main objective of this work is to determine the impact of LDCT screening on overall mortality of a smoking population. METHODS: Systematic review of randomised controlled screening trials comparing LDCT with no screening or chest x-ray. RESULTS: Thirteen randomised controlled trials were identified, seven of which reported mortality results. NSLT showed a significant reduction of 6.7% in overall mortality and 20% in lung cancer mortality after 6.5 years of follow-up. NELSON showed a significant reduction in lung cancer mortality of 24% at 10 years among men. LUSI and MILD showed a reduction in lung cancer mortality of 69% at 8 years among women and 39% at 10 years, respectively. CONCLUSION: Screening for bronchial cancer is a complex issue. Clarification is needed regarding the selection of individuals, the definition of a positive result and the attitude towards a suspicious nodule.

Age-Dependency of Cardiometabolic Risk and Protective Factors in Females Living in a Countryside Area of Switzerland.

We investigated the effect of age on cardiometabolic risk and protective factors in females living in a countryside area of Switzerland. For this cross-sectional analysis, data from 268 female adults, who live in two neighboring countryside villages in Italian-speaking Switzerland were retained. 89 study participants were premenopausal, 82 climacteric and 97 postmenopausal. Television viewing time, short duration of sleep, overweight, blood pressure, levels of atherogenic lipids and glycated hemoglobin significantly increased with age. Walking time also significantly increased with age. Tobacco smoking was more common among premenopausal women. It is concluded that in these countryside villages climacteric and postmenopausal women generally have an unfavorable cardiometabolic risk profile. On the other side, low physical activity and smoking are, compared to premenopausal and climacteric women, less prevalent in postmenopausal women.