ABSTRACT
We describe a new species of Tabanus (for Uruguay, the first in more than 90 years) based on females from the Department of Tacuarembó, Uruguay. Tabanus tacuaremboensis sp. n. is the 15th species of the genus Tabanus recorded from Uruguay. The species description is accompanied by illustrations of the diagnostic external and internal characters. In addition, for comparison with the new species, we provide photographs of the regional species of Tabanus whose distributions are still poorly known. In view of the lengthy hiatus since the last new tabanid species was described from Uruguay, we offer a brief discussion of the importance of new and further sampling in areas where the tabanofauna is still poorly known.
Subject(s)
Diptera , Animals , Female , Specimen Handling , UruguayABSTRACT
Resumen: Se describe el desarrollo del Hospital Regional de Tacuarembó (HRT), situado en una ciudad mediana del norte de Uruguay, que lo condujo a convertirse en un referente dinamizador de la salud regional, con una atención médica moderna y eficaz, así como de servicio a la comunidad y a la salud nacional. Todo ello logrado a través de una gestión ambiciosa y optimista en los objetivos, basada en esfuerzos colectivos e individuales así como en apoyos institucionales nacionales y de organismos internacionales. Ese papel dinamizador e influyente a nivel regional, e inclusive nacional, está basado, por una parte, en una gran mejora de su base logística, es decir, el propio hospital, en cuanto a instalaciones, equipamientos y ampliación de las capacidades de atención médica; pero también en un gran apoyo e impulso a la Atención Primaria en Salud, no solo en la ciudad de Tacuarembó, sino a nivel departamental. Además, el HRT ha jugado un papel importante en el control de dos zoonosis parasitarias de importancia nacional: la enfermedad de Chagas y la equinococosis quística. Esa acción dinamizadora ha consistido en plantear al hospital como una "organización de salud", considerando el contexto de un territorio particular junto a los determinantes del sistema nacional de salud. Se puede considerar al HRT como una organización innovadora liderada por "emprendedores sociales" dentro de un marco de emprendimiento social partiendo de un hospital departamental o provincial.
Summary: The study presents the case of the Hospital de Tacuarembó (HRT), located in a medium-size city in the north of Uruguay, which turned into a reference in terms of the dynamization of regional health, offering modern and effective healthcare services, serving the community and contributing to the improvement of national health. All of this was possible as a result of an ambitious and optimistic management of objectives, based on collective and individual effort, as well as relying on the support of national and international bodies. This dynamizing and influential role played by the Hospital de Tacuarembó is based, on the one hand on a great improvement of its logistical base - that is, the hospital itself - in terms of its premises, equipment and upscaling of medical services, and on the other hand on the major support and stimulus to Primary Healthcare Services, not only in the city of Tacuarembó, but also throughout the entire province. Likewise, the HRT has played a significant role in the control of two parasite zoonoses that are extremely important for Uruguay: Chagas disease and cystic echinococcosis. This dynamizing actions have consisted in regarding the hospital as a "health organization" within the context of a certain territory, along with factors defined by the national health system. HRT may be considered as an innovative organization led by "social entrepreneurs" within the framework of social entrepreneurship, stemming from a departmental or province hospital.
Resumo: Descreve-se o desenvolvimento do Hospital Regional de Tacuarembó (HRT), localizado em uma cidade de médio porte do norte do Uruguai, o que o tornou uma referência dinâmica de saúde regional, com atendimento médico moderno e eficaz, além de atendimento à comunidade e a saúde nacional. Tudo isto alcançado através de uma gestão ambiciosa e otimista dos objectivos, baseada no esforço coletivo e individual, bem como no apoio institucional nacional e de organismos internacionais. Este papel dinâmico e influente a nível regional, e mesmo nacional, está baseado, por um lado, numa grande melhoria da sua base logística, ou seja, do próprio hospital, ao nível das instalações, equipamentos e ampliação das capacidades de assistência médica; mas também num grande apoio e dinamização da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) não só na cidade de Tacuarembó mas também a nível departamental. Além disso, o HRT tem desempenhado um papel importante no controle de duas zoonoses parasitárias de importância nacional: a doença de Chagas e a equinococose cística. Essa dinâmica de ação consistiu em considerar o hospital como uma "organização de saúde", considerando o contexto de um determinado território e os determinantes do sistema nacional de saúde. O HRT pode ser considerado uma organização inovadora liderada por "empreendedores sociais" dentro de um quadro de empreendedorismo social a partir de um hospital departamental ou provincial.
Subject(s)
Public Health , Hospitals , UruguayABSTRACT
Tacuarembó is a department located in northeastern Uruguay, whose population is the result of several migration waves from Europe and Near East, as well as Africans and Afro-descents mostly from Brazil; these waves settled with the territory's various Native ethnic groups (Charrúa, Minuán, and Guaraní). In the past, this population has been the focus of genetic studies showing this trihybrid origin, with greater contributions of Natives and Africans than in other Uruguayan regions. In this study we analyzed eight Alu insertions (A25, ACE, APOA1, B65, D1, F13B, PV92, TPA25) to provide valuable information for ancestrality and genetic differentiation and to compare with both previous studies on the Tacuarembó population and Alu frequencies in other Uruguayan populations. The European contribution to Alu and classical markers was almost equal to that of a previous study using 22 classical markers (63% vs. 65%), while African contribution was higher (30% vs. 15%), and Native American contribution shows an important difference in Alu: 7% versus 20%. We found no significant differences in genetic differentiation between Tacuarembó and Montevideo but significant differences between Tacuarembó and Basque descendants from Trinidad. Our results support previous findings obtained with classical markers that demonstrate the trihybrid composition of the Tacuarembó population, correlated with historical records. Thus, Alu insertions provide interesting information in light of the admixture process in the Uruguayan population.
