Teaching programming using eduScrum methodology.

There are a large number of professions in the world today. Some professions are disappearing, and some new ones are emerging. However, they all have something in common: the need to manage them. Throughout its history, humanity has developed several constantly changing forms of management. For this reason, school absolvents must enter the labour market with skills already sufficiently developed, such as communication, cooperation, teamwork, responsibility, and the ability to plan their work. The article focuses on the issue of teaching programming through mobile applications and basic robotics through the innovative form of teaching-EduScrum. The EduScrum methodology is based on the agile software development method Scrum, which develops soft skills. The article describes our experience with this teaching in computer science classes. We established several hypotheses evaluated using descriptive statistics on a sample of 251 students. The main objective of the research is to verify whether teaching computer science in primary and secondary schools using the eduScrum methodology is more suitable than the classical-frontal teaching of computer science. The research showed that secondary school students preferred the eduScrum methodology more than traditional frontal teaching and the primary school students preferred traditional frontal teaching.

Design science research applied to difficulties of teaching and learning initial programming.

Learning and teaching to program is an arduous task. It requires a lot of commitment, dedication, and passion from everyone involved. Programming courses have high dropout and failure rates. Throughout time, several educational research works have been carried out to study the different learning processes and characteristics of students. With this work, we present and describe our vision and model of teaching and learning of initial programming to minimize the problems. We present a technological tool, called HTProgramming (Help To Programming), which complements the teaching and learning process. This allows students to practice a wide variety of activities with immediate feedback, directly related to content and themes for learning programming. It allows the teacher to follow the whole process and students' results. Using a machine-learning (neural network) predictive model of student failure, it will allow the teacher to anticipate possible student failure and act quickly. In this paper, we apply the Design Scientific Research Methodology to tackle teaching and learning difficulties to initial programming. We also include the results and evaluation of the application. Students consider the application an important tool for their learning process. The student failure prediction model presents very realistic values.

R Markdown as a dynamic interface for teaching: Modules from math and biology classrooms.

Advancing technologies, including interactive tools, are changing classroom pedagogy across academia. Here, we discuss the R Markdown interface, which allows for the creation of partial or complete interactive classroom modules for courses using the R programming language. R Markdown files mix sections of R code with formatted text, including LaTeX, which are rendered together to form complete reports and documents. These features allow instructors to create classroom modules that guide students through concepts, while providing areas for coding and text response by students. Students can also learn to create their own reports for more independent assignments. After presenting the features and uses of R Markdown to enhance teaching and learning, we present examples of materials from two courses. In a Computational Modeling course for math students, we used R Markdown to guide students through exploring mathematical models to understand the principle of herd immunity. In a Data Visualization and Communication course for biology students, we used R Markdown for teaching the fundamentals of R programming and graphing, and for students to learn to create reproducible data investigations. Through these examples, we demonstrate the benefits of R Markdown as a dynamic teaching and learning tool.

Whether to flip Extreme Apprenticeship: which is more effective in programming instruction?

Programming knowledge is more important than ever in the digital world. However, teaching programming can be challenging, especially with novice learners. Considerable research has been conducted into the most effective methods for teaching programming. Extreme apprenticeship, a variation of cognitive apprenticeship, is a method that has been used in teaching programming at university level in recent years. Because this method focuses particularly on completing lots of exercises with coaching and guidance, it may solve many problems related to learning programming. Flipped learning can be useful for student preparedness and providing sufficient theoretical knowledge at the beginning of the course. This study compares the applications of the extreme apprenticeship method, flipped extreme apprenticeship, and traditional classroom, analyzing them at the university level in terms of their effects on academic achievement and engagement coupled with gender differences. The findings of the study indicate that the extreme apprenticeship and flipped extreme apprenticeship instructional methods improve academic achievement and student engagement in introductory programming more than the traditional method. The results of the research point to important directions for the development of the extreme apprenticeship method in programming instruction and provide a guide for instructors. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10639-022-11055-y.

Formação científica e sua relação com a capacitação profissional do psicólogo / Scientific training and its relation with the professional training of psychologist / Formación científica y su relación con la capacitación profesional del psicólogo

Uma revisão bibliográfica foi realizada para identificar as contribuições da formação científica para a capacitação profissional do psicólogo. Em bases de dados científicas, foram selecionados 14 trabalhos sobre formação científica do psicólogo e sua capacitação profissional. A partir da identificação de características como natureza do trabalho, objetivos, método e contribuições apresentadas, foram formuladas as categorias para análise dos resultados, sendo essas: (a) concepção sobre pesquisa, formação científica e participação em atividade de pesquisa; (b) reflexão sobre a importância da formação científica para a capacitação profissional do psicólogo; (c) caracterização de comportamentos profissionais relativos à formação científica do psicólogo; (d) características dos objetivos de ensino presentes nos planos de curso e de ensino de disciplinas relacionadas à capacitação científica na graduação em Psicologia; (e) programas de ensino de comportamentos profissionais que compõem a formação científica do psicólogo. Destaca-se o desconhecimento dos alunos sobre a possibilidade de participação em atividades de pesquisa e a relevância da caracterização de comportamentos científicos/profissionais.

A literature review was conducted to identify how scientific training contributes to the professional training of psychologists. In scientific databases, fourteen papers relating to scientific training of psychologists as part of their professional training during their degree courses were selected. Based on the identification of characteristics such as their nature, aims, methods and findings, categories were formulated in order to analyze the results of the studies, namely: (a) conception of research, scientific training and participation in research activity; (b) reflection on the importance of scientific training for the professional training of psychologists; (c) characterization of professional behaviors related to the scientific training of psychologists; (d) characteristics of teaching goals present in course plans and teaching plans for scientific training as part of Psychology degree courses; (e) teaching programs to develop professional behaviors as part of the scientific training of psychologists. A noteworthy finding is students' unawareness about the possibility of participating in research activities and the relevance of the characterization of scientific and professional behaviors.

Una revisión bibliográfica fue realizada para identificar las contribuciones de la formación científica en la capacitación profesional del psicólogo. En bases de dados científicas, fueron seleccionados 14 trabajos sobre la formación científica del psicólogo y su capacitación profesional. A partir de la identificación de categorías como naturaleza del trabajo, objetivos, método y las contribuciones realizadas, fueron formuladas las categorías para el análisis de los resultados, siendo ellas: (a) concepción al respecto de la investigación, formación científica y participación en actividades de investigación; (b) reflexión sobre la importancia de la formación científica para la formación profesional del psicólogo; (c) caracterización de la conducta profesional con respecto a la formación científica del psicólogo; (d) características de los objetivos de la enseñanza presentes en el programa del curso y de la enseñanza de materias relacionadas con la formación científica en Psicología; (e) programas de enseñanza de conductas profesionales que componen la formación científica del psicólogo. Destacarse la ignorancia de los estudiantes acerca de la posibilidad de participar en actividades de investigación y la relevancia de la caracterización de las conductas científicas/profesionales.