ABSTRACT
Introducción: La docencia universitaria reviste gran complejidad. En la carrera de Medicina el proceso formativo es dirigido a la enseñanza de competencias profesionales y a la adquisición de valores necesarios para el perfil de salida del profesional de la salud. Se propuso como objetivo caracterizar la profesionalización docente del tutor en el proceso de formación del médico general durante el año 2018. Métodos: Se realizó estudio descriptivo transversal sobre los tutores de pregrado del Municipio de Sagua la Grande. Se encuestaron 13 especialistas en Medicina General Integral y 12 residentes de 2do año. Variables: categoría profesional y docente, grado académico, experiencia como tutor, años de graduado como especialista, tiempo desarrollado como tutor y participación en actividades metodológicas. Resultados: De los 25 consultorios acreditados para la docencia en pregrado, 13 fueron cubiertos por especialista de primer grado en Medicina General Integral y 12 por residentes de 2do año, solo 5 especialistas categorizados. El 61,54 por ciento mostró más de 5 años de experiencia en la asistencia y la docencia, pero con poca preparación metodológica. Conclusiones: En Sagua, la tutoría en pregrado recayó en residentes y especialistas de primer grado en Medicina General Integral, la mayoría sin categoría docente. La preparación profesional, profesoral e investigativa del claustro fue insuficiente. Se evidenció la responsabilidad de la dirección de las unidades docentes asistenciales en garantizar que los consultorios acreditados para la docencia sean cubiertos por residentes en formación o especialistas de Medicina General Integral con categoría docente, como garantía de la calidad del proceso formativo(AU)
Introduction: University teaching is characterized by its high complexity. In the medical major, the training process is aimed at teaching professional skills and acquiring the values necessary for the working profile of the health professional. Objective: To characterize the teaching professionalization of the tutor in the general practitioner´s training process during 2018. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out about undergraduate tutors from Sagua la Grande Municipality. Thirteen specialists in Family Medicine and twelve second-year residents were surveyed. The variables studied were professional and teaching category, academic degree, tutor experience, years of graduate as a specialist, time spent as a tutor, and participation in methodological activities. Results: Of the 25 family medical offices accredited for undergraduate teaching, thirteen were attended by a first-degree specialist in Family Medicine and 12 were under second-year residents; of which there were only five categorized specialists. 61.54 percent showed more than five years of experience in care and teaching, but with little methodological preparation. Conclusions: In Sagua, undergraduate tutoring corresponded to first-degree residents and specialists in Family Medicine, the majority without teaching category. The professional, teaching and research training of the faculty was insufficient. The responsibility of the management of the teaching care units was evidenced in guaranteeing that the accredited teaching family medical offices are run by residents in training or specialists in Family Medicine with teaching category, as a guarantee of the quality of the training process(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Schools, Medical , Mentors/education , Educational Personnel , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional StudiesABSTRACT
Resumo Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar uma leitura crítica da problemática do mal-estar, dos sofrimentos e dos adoecimentos de professores, vinculada à história do trabalho docente, aos modos de ser/estar na ocupação e à cultura do magistério. A metodologia envolveu revisão narrativa de 12 publicações selecionadas, o que possibilitou identificar os principais aspectos atribuídos às questões: epidemiológicos, de naturalização da problemática na docência, políticas públicas, organização do trabalho docente e identidade profissional docente. A discussão busca apontar as formas de visibilidade e invisibilidade dessa problemática no cenário social e educacional brasileiro, com atenção para o trabalho, a formação de professores e a cultura do magistério mediante os aportes de Maurice Tardif a respeito das "idades do ensino". O estudo mostra como o mal-estar, o sofrimento e o adoecimento de professores podem exprimir narrativas coletivas da docência marcada pela vocação e pela socialização profissional pela feminização - e como dimensões sociais, históricas e culturais do trabalho docente podem interferir nos modos coletivos de perceber e cuidar do corpo e da saúde e levar ao adoecimento. Por fim, aponta o desafio de se pensar corpo/saúde/bem-estar no âmbito da cultura ocupacional docente, como elementos que substanciam o desenvolvimento profissional e o projeto de profissionalização docente.
Abstract This study aims to present a critical analysis of teacher malaise, suffering and sickness related to the history of the teaching work, the ways of acting in this occupation, and the culture of teaching. The methodology involved a narrative literature review of 12 selected publications to identify the main aspects attributed to epidemiological issues, naturalization of the problem in teaching, public policies, teaching work organization and professional identity. The discussion seeks to highlight the forms of visibility and invisibility of this issue in the social and educational scenario in Brazil, with a focus on teacher work and training and the culture of teaching based on insights of Maurice Tardif regarding the 'ages of teaching'. This study shows how teacher malaise, suffering and sickness can express collective narratives of teachers characterized by vocation and professional socialization through feminization - and how social, historical and cultural dimensions of teaching work can affect the collective ways to perceive and take care of the body and health, and cause sickness. Finally, it highlights the challenge to consider body/health/well-being in the culture of teaching as elements that support professional development and the professionalization of teaching profession.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Stress, Psychological , Public Health , Education , Professional Training , Faculty , Occupational DiseasesABSTRACT
Introducción: Una de las variables que mayor influencia tiene en la calidad de los recursos didácticos y, por consiguiente, en el aprendizaje de los estudiantes es la habilidad de los docentes para su diseño. Objetivo: Determinar la efectividad de un taller de diseño de recursos didácticos en el mejoramiento de la calidad de las guías didácticas propuestas por los docentes pertenecientes a dos facultades de ciencias de la salud. Métodos: Se desarrolló un estudio cuantitativo, cuasi experimental pre-test/post-test con grupo control. Se consideró como variable independiente la participación en el módulo de diseño de guías didácticas del taller de diseño de recursos didácticos y como variable dependiente el incremento en la calidad de las guías didácticas. Resultados: Los resultados mostraron que el aumento en el mejoramiento de la calidad de las guías didácticas propuestas por los docentes del grupo experimental fue estadísticamente significativo (t= 4,167, p= 0,004), mientras que aquel obtenido por los docentes del grupo control (t= 3,062, p= 0,688) no arrojó significación estadística. Conclusiones: se concluye que aún queda camino por recorrer en la profesionalización pedagógica de los docentes de la educación médica, sobre todo en lo referente a la implementación de prácticas y políticas de capacitación docente(AU)
Introduction: One of the variables that has the greatest influence on the quality of teaching resources and, therefore, on student learning is the ability of teachers to design those resources. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of a workshop for designing didactic resources in improving the quality of the didactic guidelines proposed by teachers belonging to two faculties of health sciences. Method: A quantitative, quasiexperimental pre-test/post-test study with control group was developed. The participation in the module for designing didactic guidelines of the workshop of design of didactic resources was considered an independent variable, while the quality of didactic guidelines was considered a dependent variable. Results: The results showed that the improvement in the quality of the didactic guidelines proposed by the teachers of the experimental group was statistically significant (t= 4.167, p= 0.004), while that obtained by the teachers of the control group (t= 3.062, p= 0) did not show statistical significance. Conclusions: There is still a long way ahead in the pedagogical professionalization of teachers of medical education, especially in relation to the implementation of teacher training policies and practices(AU)
