ABSTRACT
La etapa contemporánea de desarrollo del deporte posee ciertas características que ejercen una gran influencia en la organización de la preparación y del entrenamiento de los deportistas, determinando para el entrenador nuevas tareas y exigencias más complejas. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo diseñar una alternativa metodológica para el mejoramiento del pensamiento táctico al Tashi Waza en los atletas de judo, categoría 15-16 años, de la Eide de Pinar del Río. Para entrar en materia, se esbozaron las características más importantes de la estrategia y la táctica del judo, así como los principios esenciales que las sustentan. Además, se puntualizó la conveniencia de utilizar formas auxiliares en la preparación técnica-táctica y formación del judoka. El estudio continúo con un ligero análisis aplicado al judo como una variable relevante en el desarrollo del pensamiento táctico. Se hizo hincapié en los diferentes tipos de táctica en el combate de judo, así como en los procesos psicomotores en cada una de las fases del combate, todo esto teniendo en cuenta las particularidades de los atletas en estas edades. Los métodos científicos de carácter empírico utilizados fueron la observación y la entrevista, teóricos como el histórico lógico y el análisis síntesis, los cuales le ofrecieron mayor rigor a la investigación. La idea de indagar sobre el pensamiento táctico del judo surgió desde hace unos años, ante la interrogante de enseñar a los atletas a darle solución por sí mismos, a los innumerables problemas que se les presentan en el combate.
A fase contemporânea do desenvolvimento do esporte tem certas características que influenciam muito a organização da preparação e treinamento dos atletas, determinando novas tarefas e exigências mais complexas para o treinador. O objetivo do presente trabalho era projetar uma alternativa metodológica para a melhoria do pensamento tático no Tashi Waza em atletas de judô, categoria 15-16 anos, do Eide de Pinar del Río. Foram apresentadas as características mais importantes da estratégia e das táticas de judô, bem como os princípios essenciais que as sustentam. Além disso, foi apontada a conveniência de utilizar formulários auxiliares na preparação e no treinamento técnico-táctico do judô. O estudo continuou com uma análise leve aplicada ao judô como uma variável relevante no desenvolvimento do pensamento tático. Foi dada ênfase aos diferentes tipos de táticas no combate ao judô, bem como aos processos psicomotores em cada uma das fases do combate, tudo isso levando em conta as particularidades dos atletas desta época. Os métodos científicos empíricos utilizados foram a observação e entrevista, e métodos teóricos como a análise e síntese histórico-lógica, que ofereceram mais rigor à pesquisa. A idéia de investigar o pensamento tático no judô surgiu há alguns anos, em resposta à questão de ensinar os atletas a encontrar suas próprias soluções para os inúmeros problemas que surgem no combate.
The contemporary stage of sport development has certain characteristics that exert a great influence on the organization of the preparation and training of athletes, determining for the coach new tasks and more complex demands. The present work had as objective to design a methodological alternative for the improvement of tactical thinking to Tashi Waza in judo athletes, category 15-16 years old, of the Initial Sport School (Eide in Spanish) of Pinar del Rio. To get into the subject, the most important characteristics of judo strategy and tactics were outlined, as well as the essential principles that support them. In addition, the convenience of using auxiliary forms in the technical-tactical preparation and training of the judo athletes was pointed out. The study continued with a light analysis applied to judo as a relevant variable in the development of tactical thinking. Emphasis was placed on the different types of tactics in judo combat, as well as on the psychomotor processes in each of the phases of combat, all this taking into account the particularities of athletes at these ages. The empirical scientific methods used were observation and interview, and the theoretical ones were historical-logical and synthesis analysis, which offered greater rigor to the research. The idea of investigating the tactical thinking in judo arose a few years ago, in response to the question of teaching athletes to solve by themselves the innumerable problems that arise in combat.
ABSTRACT
The basis for achieving success in sport is technical preparation supported by adequate level of physical fitness. During judo competitions, athletes use technique to meet tactical objectives aimed to achieve victory. The modification of the rules of combat in judo that has been carried out in recent years has changed the course of competition. It seems to be interesting if there are relations between technical and tactical preparation expressed by means of indices and modification of the course of the fight caused by changes in the rules. The purpose of the paper was to determine the values of technical and tactical preparation of judokas during competition at the elite level. A hundred and twenty bouts during the Olympic Games in London in 2012 as well as 136 bouts fought during the World Championships in Rio de Janeiro in 2013 were analyzed. Verification was performed by calculating indicators of technical and tactical preparation. The results show a significant correlation between the indicators of technical and tactical preparation and the ranking in the general classification of the analyzed competitions. There were no statistically significant correlations between the change of fighting rules and the level of the examined indices of technical and tactical preparation. The results of the study verified the appropriate method of preparation for the competitions analyzed.
