Effects of high-intensity gymnastics on skeletal muscle proteins / Efeitos da ginástica de alta intensidade sobre as proteínas musculares esqueléticas / Efectos de la gimnasia de alta intensidad en las proteínas musculares esqueléticas

ABSTRACT Introduction: Although the current method of muscle stretching in gymnastics teaching in colleges and universities can reduce sports fatigue, it has been shown to have little effect on the well-being of athletes because it requires a long recovery time from psychological fatigue. Progressive muscle relaxation training is a method that uses the basic principle of sympathetic nerve activity to reduce the impact of negative emotions psychologically and relieve fatigue physiologically, requiring a further study of its impact on muscle protein. Objective: Explore the effect of high-intensity gymnastics on skeletal muscle protein and study the progressive muscle relaxation training method post-workout adjustment. Methods: After three weeks of training, excluding the standard deviations in the experimental data caused by the athletes' irregular movements, the athletes' blood lactate content and heart rate were counted and recorded. The collected data were analyzed using Excel software to integrate and compare the data using the T-test method. Results: After exercise training, the skeletal muscle function indices of the subjects increased to different degrees. From the point of view of heart rate recovery efficiency, the rate of heart rate decline of progressive relaxation training was higher than that of the two groups, and the degree of fluctuation was lower than that of the two groups, indicating that the level of recovery in heart rate of progressive relaxation training was better. Conclusion: The action of the high-intensity gymnastics team has a good effect on improving the athletes' skeletal muscle and skeletal muscle proteins. Post-exercise conditioning training plays an important role in athletes' physical recovery. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: Embora o método de alongamento muscular atual no ensino de ginástica em faculdades e universidades consiga reduzir a fadiga esportiva, tem se mostrado pouco eficaz no bem-estar dos atletas por exigir grande tempo de recuperação da fadiga psicológica. O treinamento progressivo de relaxamento muscular é um método que usa o princípio básico da atividade nervosa simpática para reduzir o impacto das emoções negativas psicologicamente e aliviar a fadiga fisiologicamente, necessitando de mais estudos do seu impacto sobre a proteína muscular. Objetivo: Explorar o efeito da ginástica de alta intensidade sobre as proteínas musculares esqueléticas e estudar o método de treinamento progressivo de relaxamento muscular no ajuste pós-treino. Métodos: Após 3 semanas de treinamento, excluídos os desvios-padrão nos dados experimentais causados pelos movimentos irregulares dos atletas, foram contabilizados e registrados os conteúdos de lactato sanguíneo e frequência cardíaca dos atletas. Analisou-se os dados coletados, com o software Excel, para integrar e comparar os dados pelo método de teste-T. Resultados: Após o treinamento do exercício, os índices de função muscular esquelética dos sujeitos aumentaram em diferentes graus. Do ponto de vista da eficiência da recuperação da frequência cardíaca, a taxa de declínio da frequência cardíaca do treinamento de relaxamento progressivo foi maior do que a dos dois grupos, o grau de flutuação foi menor do que o dos dois grupos, indicando que o nível de recuperação na frequência cardíaca do treinamento de relaxamento progressivo foi melhor. Conclusão: A ação da equipe de ginástica de alta intensidade tem um bom efeito na melhoria do músculo esquelético e das proteínas musculares esqueléticas dos atletas. O treinamento de condicionamento pós-exercício desempenha um papel importante na recuperação física dos atletas. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: Aunque el método actual de elongación muscular en la enseñanza de la gimnasia en colegios y universidades consigue reducir la fatiga deportiva, se ha demostrado que tiene poco efecto en el bienestar de los atletas porque requiere un largo tiempo de recuperación de la fatiga psicológica. El entrenamiento de la relajación muscular progresiva es un método que utiliza el principio básico de la actividad nerviosa simpática para reducir el impacto de las emociones negativas desde el punto de vista psicológico y aliviar la fatiga desde el punto de vista fisiológico, lo que requiere un estudio más profundo de su impacto en la proteína muscular. Objetivo: Explorar el efecto de la gimnasia de alta intensidad sobre la proteína del músculo esquelético y estudiar el método de entrenamiento de relajación muscular progresiva en el ajuste posterior al entrenamiento. Métodos: Después de 3 semanas de entrenamiento, excluyendo las desviaciones estándar en los datos experimentales causadas por los movimientos irregulares de los atletas, se contó y registró el contenido de lactato en sangre y la frecuencia cardíaca de los atletas. Los datos recogidos se analizaron, con el programa informático Excel, para integrar y comparar los datos mediante el método de la prueba T. Resultados: Tras el entrenamiento con ejercicios, los índices de función del músculo esquelético de los sujetos aumentaron en diferentes grados. Desde el punto de vista de la eficacia de la recuperación de la frecuencia cardíaca, el índice de disminución de la frecuencia cardíaca del entrenamiento de relajación progresiva fue mayor que el de los dos grupos, el grado de fluctuación fue menor que el de los dos grupos, lo que indica que el nivel de recuperación de la frecuencia cardíaca del entrenamiento de relajación progresiva fue mejor. Conclusión: La acción del equipo de gimnasia de alta intensidad tiene un buen efecto en la mejora del músculo esquelético y de las proteínas del músculo esquelético de los atletas. El entrenamiento de acondicionamiento posterior al ejercicio desempeña un papel importante en la recuperación física de los deportistas. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

New comprehensive surgical curriculum of pre-graduate surgical education.

INTRODUCTION: Surgical education has become one of the most important directions in modern surgery evolution. To meet growing need for appropriate training in laparoscopic and, even more importantly, classic surgical skills, a curriculum involving contemporary tuition methods is needed. Advanced, structuralised training, which includes advanced technologies like virtual reality training, video coaching and motivative aspects of competition, seems to be important for an adequate education programme. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In academic years 2009/2010 and 2010/2011 the Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery of the Medical University of Gdansk together with the Pomeranian Foundation for Progress in Surgery organized 4480 h of training in that area of classic (2744) and laparoscopic (1736) skills. Both groups were involved in the programme of training in which the two most important aspects were reliable evaluation of the results and effective motivation to work. Skill evaluation at different stages of the programme were based on completion time and quality measurements. Apart from that, at the end of the course, the participants completed a questionnaire on their subjective perspective on this innovative curriculum, the quality and stability of the skills they obtained. RESULTS: In both arms of the programme (laparoscopic and classic) a statistically significant improvement was obtained as early as after the second and third sessions in half of the exercises. The acquired skills were stable over time, as proved by the plateau of completion time achieved in 11 out of 12 exercises. The results of the post-training questionnaire revealed that the participants were very satisfied with the structuralised form of training and appreciated the motivational role of competition. CONCLUSIONS: Contemporary surgical training should be organized as a systematic, well-evaluated and goal-oriented programme similar to the one proposed by our team. The use of contemporary training aids should be utilized in training of every surgical skill, not only laparoscopy. This form of training, associated with the component of competition, enables good and stable results to be achieved, as well as high satisfaction of trainees.