ABSTRACT
In this paper, we outline a theoretical account of the relationship between technology and human musicality. An enactive and biocultural position is adopted that assumes a close coevolutionary relationship between the two. From this position, we aim at clarifying how the present and emerging technologies, becoming embedded and embodied in our lifeworld, inevitably co-constitute and transform musical practices, skills, and ways of making sense of music. Therefore, as a premise of our scrutiny, we take it as a necessity to more deeply understand the ways that humans become affiliated to the ever-changing instruments of music technology, in order to better understand the coevolutionary impact on learning and other aspects of musicality being constituted together with these instruments. This investigation is particularly motivated by the rapid and diverse development of mobile applications and their potential impact, as musical instruments, on learning and cognizing music. The term appification refers to enactive processes in which applications (i.e., apps) and their user interfaces, developed for various ecosystems of mobile smart technology, partake in reorganizing our ways of musical acting and thinking. On the basis of the theoretical analysis, we argue that understanding the phenomenon of the human-technology relationship, and its implications for our embodied musical minds, requires acknowledging (1) how apps contribute to conceptual constructing of musical activities, (2) how apps can be designed or utilized in a way that reinforces the epistemological continuum between embodied and abstract sense-making, and (3) how apps become merged with musical instruments.
ABSTRACT
El objetivo del presente artículo es realizar una reflexión conceptual orientada a comprender los cambios acontecidos en el mundo del trabajo en las últimas décadas, por ser estos trascendentales para analizar la relación persona-trabajo. Dichos cambios se guían al menos a través de tres tendencias: la competición, la tecnologización y la globalización. Se mencionan las paradojas del actual mercado(s) de trabajo, y se explicitan seis cambios concretos producto de las tendencias y las paradojas; entre estos se mencionan la precarización del trabajo y el cambio en el funcionamiento de las organizaciones; los cambios en las formas y manifestaciones del trabajo; el cambio en la forma de representarse el ser humano al respecto del trabajo; los cambios en los criterios para la inclusión (y exclusión) y mantenimiento en el mercado de trabajo y la responsabilización del sujeto al respecto de su empleabilidad; los cambios en la configuración de la subjetividad y el lugar que el trabajo ocupa en ella incluyendo el establecimiento del contrato psicológico, la construcción de la carrera, la identidad, y la forma de representarse la agencia; y por último los cambios en la forma de gestionar el recurso humano al interior de las organizaciones. Se concluye que el estudio e intervención sobre el actual mundo del trabajo, requiere salir de visiones lineales y de causa-efecto, para contar con análisis reflexivos e intervenciones más pertinentes y atinadas, dada la complejidad que reviste hoy en día el mundo del trabajo.
The aim of this paper is to make a conceptual analysis oriented to understand the changes occurring in the world of work in recent decades given that those changes are crucial to analyze the relationship between person and work. Such changes are driven by at least three trends: competition, technology and globalization. The paper makes a mention of the paradoxes of the current job market, and six specific changes are made explicit as a product of the above trends and paradoxes. Among the changes explained in the paper there are the rising of precarious jobs and the change in the organizations functioning; changes in the forms and manifestations of work; change in the way as human beings are represented with respect to the work; changes in the inclusion (and exclusion) criteria, stability in the labor market and the responsibility of every person about its employability; changes in the configuration of subjectivity and the place that the work occupies in such subjectivity, including the establishment of the psychological contract, the career construction, identity, and how to represent the agency; and finally the paper explains the changes in the way of managing human resources within organizations. We conclude that the study and intervention on the current world of work requires of leaving linear and cause-and-effect visions in order to consider thoughtful analysis and interventions more relevant and pertinent, given the complexity of nowadays world of work.
