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1.
Rio de Janeiro; s.n; 2014. 65 p. ilus, tab.
Thesis in Portuguese | BBO - Dentistry | ID: biblio-867221

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar morfometricamente as modificações ocorridas ao longo de 500 anos nas estruturas maxilo-mandibulares de indivíduos da Costa Central do Peru. Foram utilizadas telerradiografias laterais de 30 crânios secos, sem deformidades esqueléticas e em normoclusão, do período Pré-colombiano (grupo Pré-colombiano) e de 30 peruanos nativos contemporâneos, com características esqueléticas e oclusais semelhantes, provenientes da mesma região geográfica (grupo Contemporâneo). Estas telerradiografias foram digitalizadas e 14 pontos cefalométricos foram marcados e utilizados como marcos anatômicos homólogos para a análise morfométrica. O tamanho do centróide, a forma e a alometria foram comparados entre os grupos para a amostra total, para homens e para mulheres, pelos testes de one-way ANOVA, função discriminante e regressão multivariada, respectivamente. As mesmas avaliações foram realizadas para homens e mulheres do mesmo grupo. O tamanho do centróide foi significativamente maior para o grupo Contemporâneo tanto para a amostra total, quanto para homens e mulheres, demonstrando que as estruturas maxilo-mandibulares dos indivíduos contemporâneos é maior do que de seus ancestrais. Quando homens e mulheres foram comparados intra-grupos o tamanho do centróide foi significativamente maior para os homens do grupo Contemporâneo, com a mesma tendência para os homens pré-colombianos, porém sem significância estatística. Observou-se diferenças significativas entre os grupos para a forma das estruturas maxilo-mandibulares indicando que ao longo do tempo houve um deslocamento posterior da região da pré-maxila e um deslocamento considerável para cima e para trás da apófise coronóide, uma abertura do ângulo na região goníaca e um alongamento no sentido vertical da região da sínfise mandibular. Essas mudanças morfológicas foram mais evidentes nas mulheres ...


The purpose of this study was to perform a morphometric evaluation of the changes in the maxillo-mandibular structures of individuals of the Central Coast of Perualong 500 years.The sample consisted of lateral cephalometric radiographs of 30 dry skullsof the pre-columbian era, without skeletal deformities and in normocclusion (Pre-columbian group) and of 30 contemporaneous native Peruvians, with similar skeletal and occlusal characterisitics, from the same geographical region (Contemporaneous group). These radiographs were digitized and 14 cephalometric points were used as homologous anatomic landmarks for the morphometric analysis. Centroid size, shape and allometry were compared between groups for the whole sample, for males and for females by the one-way Anova, discriminant analysis and multivariate regression, respectively. The same evaluations were performed between males and females of the same groups. Centroid size was significantly larger for the Contemporaneous group for the total sample, as well as for males and for females, demonstrating that the maxilo-mandibular structures of the contemporaneous individuals are larger than those of their ancestors. When males and females were compared in the same group, centroid size was significantly larger for contemporaneous males, with the same tendency for pre-columbian males, but with no statistical significance. Significant differences between groups were found for maxillo-mandibular shape, indicating that there was a posterior displacement of the premaxilla , a considerable backward and upward displacement of the coronoid process, an opening of the gonial angle and a vertical elongation of the mandibular symphisis, along time. These changes were more evident in females than in males, suggesting a greater effect of secular trends in women. There were no morphological differences between males and females of the same group, demonstrating that these results ...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Skull/growth & development , Indians, South American , Maxillofacial Development , Mandible/anatomy & histology , Maxilla/anatomy & histology , Odontometry , Facial Bones/anatomy & histology , Analysis of Variance , Brazil , Peru/ethnology , Teleradiology
2.
Int. j. morphol ; 30(4): 1558-1568, dic. 2012. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-670180

ABSTRACT

Several studies have examined both physical characteristics and fitness of children and youth. The aim of the study was first, to find the tendency of changes in selected morphological characteristics of young male and female tennis players of various ages in the periods 1992-2000-2008; and second, to find the changes in selected variables of young tennis players and to compare them with the results of boys and girls of same age from normal school population. Sample of variables included body height, body weight and body mass index (BMI). Multivariate analysis of variance revealed statistically significant differences in all main factors (group, age, gender and period) and additionally in interactions group*period, group*gender and age*gender. Univariate analysis of variance revealed statistically significant differences in body height and BMI between the groups of tennis players and the same age school population for both sexes and between three age groups (12-13 years, 14-15 years, 16-17 years) for body height, body weight and BMI. Differences between the sexes indicate statistically significant differences only in variables body height and weight. Changes in the observed morphological characteristics point to the increase in body height, body weight and BMI values in both school population and young tennis players.


Diversos estudios han examinado las características y estado físico de niños y jóvenes. El objetivo de este estudio fue encontrar la tendencia de los cambios para determinadas características morfológicas de jóvenes tenistas (hombres y mujeres) de distintas edades, en los períodos 1992-2000-2008. Además, encontrar cambios en las variables seleccionadas de jugadores de tenis jóvenes y compararlos con los resultados de niños y niñas de la misma edad en la población escolar normal. Las variables de la muestra incluyeron altura y peso corporal e índice de masa corporal (IMC). El análisis multivariado de varianza reveló diferencias estadísticamente significativas en todos los factores principales (grupo, edad, sexo y periodo) y, además, en las interacciones de grupo-período, grupo-edad y grupo-sexo. El análisis univariado de varianza reveló diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la altura corporal e IMC entre los grupos de jugadores de tenis y la misma población en edad escolar para ambos sexos y entre los tres grupos de edad (12-13 años, 14-15 años, 16-17 años) para altura y peso corporal e IMC. Las comparación entre sexos indican diferencias estadísticamente significativas sólo en las variables altura y peso corporal. Los cambios en las características morfológicas observadas señalan un aumento de la altura y peso corporal e IMC tanto en la población escolar como en los jóvenes jugadores de tenis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Body Height , Body Weight , Tennis , Time Factors , Body Mass Index , Multivariate Analysis , Age Groups
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