Estadificación ganglionar tras terapia sistémica primaria en mujeres con cáncer de mama y afectación ganglionar al diagnóstico / Lymph node staging after primary systemic therapy in women with breast cancer and lymph node involvement at diagnosis

Objetivo: El objetivo principal de este estudio es analizar la eficacia del marcaje ganglionar combinado (clip y biopsia de ganglio centinela (BGC)) para la estadificación axilar en pacientes con tratamiento sistémico primario (TSP) y cáncer de mama con ganglios positivos confirmados patológicamente en el momento del diagnóstico. El objetivo secundario es determinar el impacto del marcaje ganglionar en la supresión de la linfadenectomía axilar (LA) en el grupo a estudio. Métodos: Estudio prospectivo en el que se realizó la estadificación ganglionar mediante la localización con alambre metálico (arpón) de los ganglios afectados y una BGC con doble trazador. Todas las pacientes sin afectación metastásica del ganglio centinela (GC) o del ganglio marcado con clip/alambre no realizaron una LA. El comité multidisciplinar acordó el tratamiento axilar de las pacientes con afectación ganglionar. Resultados: Ochenta y un pacientes cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Identificamos y extirpamos el ganglio marcado con clip/alambre en 80 de 81 pacientes (98,8%), y la BGC se realizó con éxito en el 88,9% de los pacientes. El GC y el nódulo marcado con arpón coincidieron en el 78,9% de las pacientes. El 76,2% de las pacientes no se sometieron a LA. Conclusiones: El marcaje axilar combinado (clip y BGC) en pacientes con ganglios metastásicos al diagnóstico y TSP ofrece una alta tasa de identificación (98,8%) y una alta correlación entre el ganglio marcado con arpón y el GC (78,8%). Este procedimiento ha permitido la supresión de la LA en el 76,2% de las pacientes incluidas en el estudio. (AU)

Objective: The main objective of this study is to analyze the efficacy of combined axillary marking (lymph node clipping and sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB)) for axillary staging in patients with primary systemic treatment (PST) and pathologically confirmed node-positive breast cancer at diagnosis. The secondary objective is to determine the impact of lymph node marking in the suppression of axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) in the study group. Methods: We conducted a prospective study in which lymph node staging was performed using wire localization of positive lymph nodes and a SLNB with dual tracer. All patients who presented no metastatic involvement of the sentinel lymph node (SLN) or clip/wire-marked lymph node were spared an ALND. The multidisciplinary committee agreed on axillary treatment for patients with lymph node involvement. Results: Eighty one patients met the inclusion criteria. We identified and extirpated the clip/wire-marked node in 80 of 81 patients (98.8%), with SLNB performed successfully in 88,9% of patients. The SLN and wire-marked node matched in 78.9% of patients; 76.2% of patients did not undergo ALND. Conclusions: The combined axillary marking (clip and SLNB) in patients with metastatic lymph node at diagnosis and PST offers a high identification rate (98.8%%) and a high correlation between the wire-marked lymph node and the SLN (78.9%%). This procedure has enabled the suppression of ALND in 76.2% of patients. (AU)

Lymph node staging after primary systemic therapy in women with breast cancer and lymph node involvement at diagnosis.

OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this study is to analyze the efficacy of combined axillary marking (lymph node clipping and sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB)) for axillary staging in patients with primary systemic treatment (PST) and pathologically confirmed node-positive breast cancer at diagnosis. The secondary objective is to determine the impact of lymph node marking in the suppression of axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) in the study group. METHODS: We conducted a prospective study in which lymph node staging was performed using wire localization of positive lymph nodes and a SLNB with dual tracer. All patients who presented no metastatic involvement of the sentinel lymph node (SLN) or clip/wire-marked lymph node were spared an ALND. The multidisciplinary committee agreed on axillary treatment for patients with lymph node involvement. RESULTS: Eighty one patients met the inclusion criteria. We identified and extirpated the clip/ wire-marked node in 80 of 81 patients (98.8%), with SLNB performed successfully in 88,9% of patients. The SLN and wire-marked node matched in 78.9% of patients; 76.2% of patients did not undergo ALND. CONCLUSIONS: The combined axillary marking (clip and SLNB) in patients with metastatic lymph node at diagnosis and PST offers a high identification rate (98.8%) and a high correlation between the wire-marked lymph node and the SLN (78.9%). This procedure has enabled the suppression of ALND in 76.2% of patients.

Quimioterapia neoadjuvante no câncer de mama operável: revisão da literatura / Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Operable Breast Cancer: Literature Review / Quimioterapia Neoadyuvante en Cáncer de Mama Operable: Revisión de la Literature

Introdução: A quimioterapia neoadjuvante foi inicialmente utilizada no tratamento sistêmico do câncer de mama localmente avançado e inoperável. Com a base adquirida nessa proposta terapêutica, passou-se a realizar o tratamento neoadjuvante em pacientes com tumores operáveis, e uma ampla experiência se acumula nessa indicação. Objetivos: Realizar uma análise crítica da literatura publicada sobre a quimioterapia neoadjuvante ou primária, priorizando sua indicação no tratamento câncer de mama operável. Método: Os dados da revisão foram identificados através de artigos publicados entre 1997 a 2012, tendo como ferramenta o PubMed/MedLine (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed), utilizando as palavras- chave: “neoadjuvant therapy”, “primary systemic therapy”, “breast neoplasms” e “operable breast cancer”. Resultados: Foram encontrados na literatura médica, 1.043 ensaios clínicos e utilizados 25 deles nesta revisão (estudos prospectivos, metanálise e análise de coortes). Conclusão: Após a análise, pode-se concluir que, no câncer de mama operável, a quimioterapia neoadjuvante oferece resultados de sobrevida equivalentes aos obtidoscom quimioterapia adjuvante, permitindo aumento do percentual de cirurgias conservadoras, melhora dos desfechos cirúrgicos e adequada avaliação do prognóstico. Os esquemas de tratamento mais estabelecidos empregam antraciclinas, taxanes e, quando indicado, terapia biológica. No campo experimental, seu uso contribui como base para o rápido desenvolvimento de tratamentos melhores e mais eficazes do câncer de mama.