Design, synthesis and antitrypanosomatid activity of 2-nitroimidazole-3,5-disubstituted isoxazole compounds based on benznidazole.

Chagas disease and leishmaniasis are neglected diseases of high priority as a public health problem. Pharmacotherapy is based on the administration of a few drugs, which exhibit hazardous adverse effects and toxicity to the patients. Thus, the search for new antitrypanosomatid drugs is imperative to overcome the limitations of the treatments. In this work, 46 2-nitroimidazole 3,5-disubstituted isoxazole compounds were synthesized in good yields by [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction between terminal acetylene (propargyl-2-nitroimidazole) and chloro-oximes. The compounds were non-toxic to LLC-MK2 cells. Compounds 30, 35, and 44 showed in vitro antichagasic activity, 15-fold, 12-fold, and 10-fold, respectively, more active than benznidazole (BZN). Compounds 30, 35, 44, 45, 53, and 61 acted as substrates for the TcNTR enzyme, indicating that this might be one of the mechanisms of action involved in their antiparasitic activity. Piperazine series and 4-monosubstituted compounds were potent against T. cruzi parasites. Besides the in vitro activity observed in compound 45, the in vivo assay showed that the compound only reduced the parasitemia levels by the seventh-day post-infection (77%, p > 0.001) compared to the control group. However, 45 significantly reduced the parasite load in cardiac tissue (p < 0.01) 11 days post-infection. Compounds 49, 52, and 54 showed antileishmanial activity against intracellular amastigotes of Leishmania (L.) amazonensis at the same range as amphotericin B. These findings highlight the antitrypanosomatid properties of 2-nitroimidazole 3,5-disubstituted isoxazole compounds and the possibility in using them as antitrypanosomatid agents in further studies.

Global Research Trends and Hotspots Analysis of the Scientific Production of Amitriptyline: A Bibliometric Approach.

Amitriptyline was first introduced as a medication to treat depression. Over time, this substance has been used to treat other conditions, such as gastrointestinal disorders, fibromyalgia, neuropathic pain, and analgesia, among others. However, there are no published studies that provide a broad view of the possible motivations that have led to changes in the use of amitriptyline. In this study, we have identified the landscape of use for amitriptyline based on knowledge mapping of the 100 most-cited articles about this drug. We searched Web of Science Core Collection without time and language restrictions. We obtained 14,446 results, but we only used the 100 most-cited articles that had amitriptyline as the object of study. We collected the following information from each article: authors, country of the corresponding authors, year of publication, citation count, citation density (number of citations per year), and keywords. In addition, we seek to map in the chosen articles study design and research findings. We found that since 1980, the use of amitriptyline has expanded beyond depression, moving to off-label use to treat a variety of diseases and conditions, including post-herpetic neuralgia, neuropathic pain, primary fibrosis, fibromyalgia, and migraine, can be considered a drug with more clinical applicability than its original clinical indication.

Traditional plants with antioxidant properties in clinical trials-A systematic review.

There is a trend toward the use of natural substances present in plants and vegetables. In general, foods rich in antioxidants are complex matrices; therefore, understanding its absorption effects is extremely relevant to know its bioactive potential. Thus, this systematic review focused on clinical trials involving plants (or compounds) registered on the National List of Medicinal Plants of Interest to the Unified Health System (RENISUS) with antioxidant properties. Following the reporting guidelines of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes studies of interest indexed in the PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were analyzed. Of the 59 clinical trials found, Allium sativum and Curcuma longa are the plant species with the highest percentage of clinical research. Prevention/attenuation of oxidative stress was one of the main antioxidant mechanisms indicated in the studies. The most tested compounds of the RENISUS plants in clinical trials were curcumin and soy isoflavone. In this review, we selected studies in advanced stages that highlight plants' value in optimizing antioxidant status; however, even with high-quality studies, it is not prudent to overstate the clinical efficacy of these plants.

Study on the effect of music therapy on middle-aged and elderly individuals with depression / Estudo sobre o efeito da terapia musical sobre indivíduos de meia-idade e idosos com depressão / Investigación sobre musicoterapia para la depresión de mediana edad y ancianos

ABSTRACT To explore the clinical effect of music therapy in the treatment of middle-aged and elderly patients with depression. From June 2019 to June 2020, 100 patients with depression in a community were selected as the object of this study, and were divided into a control group and an observation group according to the order of visits, with 50 patients in each group. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of gender, age, education level and drug treatment (medication dose, type) (P>0.05). The patients in the control group were treated with conventional antidepressant drugs. The patients in the observation group added music therapy to the conventional therapy. The music therapist needs to fully understand the basic situation of the patient and formulate a suitable music treatment plan according to the actual state of the patient. Compare the HANA and PSP scores between the two groups of depressive patients after treatment to judge the treatment effect on the patients. The Hana and PSP scores in the observation group after treatment were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). To treat depression, in addition to selecting appropriate drugs, alleviating the emotional state of patients is more important. Music therapy as an auxiliary treatment of traditional therapy, in the treatment of depression in the elderly, has been effectively verified, we should actively promote its application.

RESUMO Explorar o efeito clínico da terapia musical no tratamento de pacientes de meia-idade e idosos com depressão. De junho de 2019 a junho de 2020, 100 pacientes com depressão foram selecionados como objeto deste estudo, e foram divididos em um grupo controle e um grupo de observação de acordo com a ordem de consultas, sendo 50 pacientes incluídos em cada grupo. Não houve diferença significativa entre os dois grupos em termos de gênero, idade, escolaridade e tratamento medicamentoso (dose, tipo de medicação) (P>0.05). Os pacientes do grupo controle foram tratados com medicamentos antidepressivos convencionais. Os pacientes do grupo de observação adicionaram a terapia musical à terapia convencional. O terapeuta musical precisa entender completamente a situação básica do paciente e formular um plano de tratamento musical adequado de acordo com o estado real do paciente. Comparar os escores HANA e PSP entre os dois grupos de pacientes com depressão após tratamento para avaliar o efeito terapêutico dos pacientes. Os escores Hana e PSP no grupo de observação após o tratamento foram significativamente superiores às do grupo controle (P< 0.05). Para o tratamento da depressão, além da seleção de medicamentos apropriados, o estado emocional dos pacientes é mais importante. A terapia musical Como tratamento auxiliar da Terapia tradicional no tratamento da depressão nos idosos foi efetivamente verificada, portanto devemos promover ativamente sua aplicação.

RESUMEN Explorar el Efecto Clínico de la Musicoterapia en el Tratamiento de Pacientes de Mediana Edad y Ancianos con Depresión. Desde junio de 2019 a junio de 2020, se seleccionaron 100 pacientes con depresión en una comunidad como objeto de este estudio, y se dividieron en un grupo de control y un grupo de observación según el orden de visitas, con 50 pacientes en cada grupo. No hubo diferencias significativas entre los dos grupos en términos de sexo, edad, nivel de educación y tratamiento farmacológico (dosis de medicación, tipo) (P> 0,05). Los pacientes del grupo de control fueron tratados con fármacos antidepresivos convencionales. Los pacientes del grupo de observación agregaron la musicoterapia a la terapia convencional. El musicoterapeuta debe comprender completamente la situación básica del paciente y formular un plan de tratamiento musical adecuado de acuerdo con el estado real del paciente. Se compararon las puntuaciones de HANA y PSP entre los dos grupos de pacientes depresivos después del tratamiento para juzgar su efecto del tratamiento en los pacientes. Las puntuaciones de Hana y PSP en el grupo de observación después del tratamiento fueron significativamente más altas que las del grupo de control (P <0,05). Para tratar la depresión, además de seleccionar los fármacos adecuados, es más importante aliviar el estado emocional de los pacientes. La musicoterapia como tratamiento auxiliar de la terapia tradicional, en el tratamiento de la depresión en el anciano, ha sido efectivamente comprobada, debemos promover activamente su aplicación.

Therapeutic effect of treatment with metformin and/or 4-hydroxychalcone in male Wistar rats with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease in the world. Despite the impact of this pathology in the population, nowadays there is no specific treatment for this disease, focusing its treatment on risks factors. However, it is imperative the existence of a specific treatment, due to this, the aim of this study was to determine the therapeutic effect of treatment with metformin, 4-hydroxychalcone or co-treatment on male Wistar rats with NAFLD. Wistar rats were divided into two groups with free access to either tap water or 50% sucrose (NAFLD) during 25 weeks. After 20 weeks of induction each were divided into four groups that received daily p.o. administration of: i) saline solution (1 ml); ii) metformin (200 mg/kg/day); iii) 4-hydroxychalcone (80 mg/kg/day) and i.v.) co-treatment (metformin plus 4-hydroxychalcone at the doses mentioned above), for 5 weeks. In healthy rats: metformin and co-treatment modified food and total caloric intake and induced diarrhea; but none of the treatments changed the other parameters evaluated. Meanwhile in rats with NAFLD: i) metformin inhibited hepatic total cholesterol and TGF-ß, increased diarrhea frequency, and slightly decreased liver steatosis, and fibrosis; ii) 4-hydroxychalcone decreased IL-6, TNF-α and TGF-ß, increased IL-10, and markedly decreased liver steatosis and fibrosis; and iii) co-treatment markedly decreased food intake, total caloric intake, and body weight, increased diarrhea; increased IL-10, showing and intermediate effect on decrease TNF-α, TGF-ß, liver steatosis and fibrosis. Our results showed that 4-hydroxychalcone treatment was the most effective among the treatments tested against NAFLD.

Efeitos fisiológicos e terapêuticos da luz intensa pulsada / Physiological and therapeutic effects of intense pulsed light

Os dispositivos de luz intensa pulsada promovem o princípio básico de absorção de fótons por cromóforos endógenos ou exógenos encontrados na pele. A luz pulsada é convertida em energia calorífica, a qual coagula o alvo desejado (foto-termólise seletiva). Essa tecnologia envolve um sistema de lâmpadas paralelas de xenônio e capacitores contidos, que é aplicada diretamente à superfície da pele. Seu espectro de emissão varia de 500 a 1300 nm, apresentando assim, uma grande versatilidade de tratamentos. Para a construção deste artigo de revisão, a metodologia adotada foi uma pesquisa bibliográfica em revistas científicas da área de saúde indexadas no Pubmed (entre os anos de 1989 a 2016) que abordam os efeitos terapêuticos e fisiológicos da terapia de luz intensa pulsada. Dentre os efeitos terapêuticos aplicados à terapia com luz intensa pulsada, destacamos a remoção de pelos, tratamento de lesões pigmentadas, lesões vasculares, acnes, e rejuvenescimento da pele. Uma das maiores vantagens dos dispositivos de luz intensa pulsada é em relação à sua versatilidade e a economia. Esses dispositivos são mais vantajosos devido a sua capacidade em tratar grandes áreas de pele. No entanto, mais ensaios controlados comparativos com um período de acompanhamento estendido são necessários para determinar diferenças significativas da LIP e outras terapias. (AU)

The devices of intense pulsed light, similar to lasers, has the basic principle to absorption of photons by endogenous or exogenous chromophores in the skin. The pulsed light is converted into heat energy, which coagulates the desired target (photo-selective thermolysis). The intense pulsed light technology involves a system of parallel xenon lamps and capacitors contained in an articulated arm that is applied directly to the skin surface. Its emission spectrum ranges from 500 to 1,300 nm, thus presenting a great versatility of treatments. For the construction of this review, the methodology adopted was a literature search in scientific journals healthcare indexed in Pubmed (between the years 1989 to 2016) that address the physiological and therapeutic effects of intense pulsed light therapy. Among the therapeutic effects of the intense pulsed light therapy, we highlight hair removal, pigmented lesions, vascular lesions, acnes treatment, and finally skin rejuvenation. One of the major advantages of the intense pulsed light is in relation to its versatility and economy. Moreover, the devices of intense pulsed light are more advantageous due to their ability to treat large areas of skin. However, more comparative controlled trials with extended follow-up period are needed to determine significant differences between the intense pulsed light and other therapies. (AU)

Evaluación de los efectos terapéuticos de la psicoterapia psicoanalítica a través del test de Rorschach / Evaluation of the therapeutic effects of psychoanalytic psychotherapy by means of the Rorschach test

En este espacio de reflexión compartimos los avances de un estudio destinado a evaluar los efectos terapéuticos de la psicoterapia psicoanalítica sobre 8 pacientes adultos a los que se les aplicó ex antes y ex pos, el Test de Personalidad de Rorschach Sistema Comprehensivo. Para evaluar el cambio se utilizaron los 27 indicadores psicopatológicos de la investigación de Weiner y Exner (1991). A partir del análisis estadístico de los datos se hallaron cambios favorables en 13 variables, concentrados principalmente en el confort vivenciado en las relaciones interpersonales del sujeto, en el manejo del estrés y en la dificultad ideacional. A fin de comprender las transformaciones en la organización subjetiva de estos sujetos, se realizó una interpretación psicoanalítica de los resultados.

In this space for reflection we share the progress of a study designed to assess the therapeutic effects of psychoanalytic psychotherapy on 8 adult patients to which the Rorschach Personality Test Comprehensive System was applied ex pre and ex post. To assess change 27 psychopathological indicators of the Weiner and Exner (1991) research were used. The statistical analysis of the data shows favorable changes in 13 variables, mainly concentrated in comfort experienced in the interpersonal relations of the subject, in stress management and ideational difficulty. In order to understand the changes in the subjective organization of these subjects a psychoanalytic interpretation of the results was undertaken.

Evaluación de los efectos terapéuticos de la psicoterapia psicoanalítica a través del test de Rorschach / Evaluation of the therapeutic effects of psychoanalytic psychotherapy by means of the Rorschach test

En este espacio de reflexión compartimos los avances de un estudio destinado a evaluar los efectos terapéuticos de la psicoterapia psicoanalítica sobre 8 pacientes adultos a los que se les aplicó ex antes y ex pos, el Test de Personalidad de Rorschach Sistema Comprehensivo. Para evaluar el cambio se utilizaron los 27 indicadores psicopatológicos de la investigación de Weiner y Exner (1991). A partir del análisis estadístico de los datos se hallaron cambios favorables en 13 variables, concentrados principalmente en el confort vivenciado en las relaciones interpersonales del sujeto, en el manejo del estrés y en la dificultad ideacional. A fin de comprender las transformaciones en la organización subjetiva de estos sujetos, se realizó una interpretación psicoanalítica de los resultados.(AU)

In this space for reflection we share the progress of a study designed to assess the therapeutic effects of psychoanalytic psychotherapy on 8 adult patients to which the Rorschach Personality Test Comprehensive System was applied ex pre and ex post. To assess change 27 psychopathological indicators of the Weiner and Exner (1991) research were used. The statistical analysis of the data shows favorable changes in 13 variables, mainly concentrated in comfort experienced in the interpersonal relations of the subject, in stress management and ideational difficulty. In order to understand the changes in the subjective organization of these subjects a psychoanalytic interpretation of the results was undertaken.(AU)

A relação com Deus e o sinthoma: a clínica psicanalítica face ao religioso / God and the sympthom: psychoanalytic clinic faces religion / Dieu et le sinthome: la clinique psychanalytique face au religieux

Este trabalho propõe como temática a relação de um sujeito com Deus e suas implicações na clínica psicanalítica. O principal problema a ser discutido será a possibilidade de essa relação oferecer ao sujeito uma saída sintomática que lhe confira, em contrapartida, o apaziguamento de seu mal-estar sintomático. Este resumo anuncia a questão central deste trabalho: estaria a relação com Deus em um lugar que permite ao sujeito um encontro com o real que não seja devastador, conferindo-lhe também algum tipo de efeito terapêutico? Para esboçar uma resposta faremos uma breve visita nos pensamentos de Freud e Lacan a respeito de Deus, o que nos ajudará, por fim, a entender como a clínica psicanalítica pode se orientar quando desafiada pela relação com Deus de um paciente

This paper proposes the theme of the relationship between a subject and God and its implications for clinical psychology. The main issue to be discussed is the possibility of this relationship provide the subject with a sinthomatic exit would give in return, appeasement of his symptomatic unwellness. This summary announces the central question of this study: is the relationship with God in a place that allows the subject to an encounter with the real that is not devastating, giving it also some kind of therapeutic effect? To sketch an answer we will briefly visit the thoughts of Freud and Lacan about God, which will help us finally understand how clinical psychoanalysis can orient itself when challenged by God's relationship with a patient

Cet article propose comme thème la relation d'un sujet avec Dieu et ses implications pour la psychologie clinique. La principale question à examiner est la possibilité de cette relation fournir à la personne une sortie sinthomátque et donnerait en retour, l'apaisement de son malaise symptomatique. Ce résumé annonce la question centrale de cette étude: est-ce la relation avec Dieu a une place qui permet au sujet une rencontre avec le réel qui n'est pas terrible, ce qui lui donne aussi une sorte d'effet thérapeutique? Pour esquisser une réponse, nous allons brièvement visiter les pensées de Freud et de Lacan à propos de Dieu, qui nous aideront enfin à comprendre comment la clinique psychanalytique peut s'orienter en cas de contestation par la relation de Dieu avec un patient

A relação com Deus e o sinthoma: a clínica psicanalítica face ao religioso / God and the sympthom: psychoanalytic clinic faces religion / Dieu et le sinthome: la clinique psychanalytique face au religieux

Este trabalho propõe como temática a relação de um sujeito com Deus e suas implicações na clínica psicanalítica. O principal problema a ser discutido será a possibilidade de essa relação oferecer ao sujeito uma saída sinthomática que lhe confira, em contrapartida, o apaziguamento de seu mal-estar sintomático. Este resumo anuncia a questão central deste trabalho: estaria a relação com Deus em um lugar que permite ao sujeito um encontro com o real que não seja devastador, conferindo-lhe também algum tipo de efeito terapêutico? Para esboçar uma resposta faremos uma breve visita nos pensamentos de Freud e Lacan a respeito de Deus, o que nos ajudará, por fim, a entender como a clínica psicanalítica pode se orientar quando desafiada pela relação com Deus de um paciente(AU)

This paper proposes the theme of the relationship between a subject and God and its implications for clinical psychology. The main issue to be discussed is the possibility of this relationship provide the subject with a sinthomatic exit would give in return, appeasement of his symptomatic unwellness. This summary announces the central question of this study: is the relationship with God in a place that allows the subject to an encounter with the real that is not devastating, giving it also some kind of therapeutic effect? To sketch an answer we will briefly visit the thoughts of Freud and Lacan about God, which will help us finally understand how clinical psychoanalysis can orient itself when challenged by God's relationship with a patient(AU)

Cet article propose comme thème la relation d'un sujet avec Dieu et ses implications pour la psychologie clinique. La principale question à examiner est la possibilité de cette relation fournir à la personne une sortie sinthomátque et donnerait en retour, l'apaisement de son malaise symptomatique. Ce résumé annonce la question centrale de cette étude: est-ce la relation avec Dieu a une place qui permet au sujet une rencontre avec le réel qui n'est pas terrible, ce qui lui donne aussi une sorte d'effet thérapeutique? Pour esquisser une réponse, nous allons brièvement visiter les pensées de Freud et de Lacan à propos de Dieu, qui nous aideront enfin à comprendre comment la clinique psychanalytique peut s'orienter en cas de contestation par la relation de Dieu avec un patient(AU)

Los efectos terapéuticos en psicoanálisis: recorridos y conclusiones preliminares / Therapeutic effect in psychoanalysis: walks and preliminary findings

El objetivo de este trabajo es dar cuenta de algunas conclusiones preliminares de nuestra investigación sobre "Efectos terapéuticos de la intervención analítica en instituciones" que tuvo como objetivo principal precisar la especificidad de la terapéutica psicoanalítica así como de sus alcances en la práctica hospitalaria a partir del estudio de casos, siguiendo la lógica propia del psicoanálisis. El trabajo reúne algunas consideraciones teóricas sobre el efecto terapéutico en textos de Freud y Lacan, algunos resultados provenientes de la lectura de casos y se propone como una contribución al uso del caso en la investigación en psicoanálisis.

The aim of this paper is to report some preliminary findings of our research on "Therapeutic effects of analytic intervention in institutions" wich had as main objective to clarify the specificity of psychoanalytic therapy as well as its scope in practice from hospital case study following the logic of psychoanalysis. The work brings together some theorical considerations on the therapeutic effect in texts of Freud and Lacan, some results from the reading of cases and is intended as a contribution to the use case research in psychoanalysis.

Danças brasileiras e psicoterapia: um estudo sobre efeitos terapêuticos / Brazilian dance and psychotherapy: a study of therapeutic effects

Esta investigação foi um estudo de natureza exploratória e qualitativa sobre efeitos terapêuticos em participantes do Grupo Baiadô: Pesquisa e Prática de Danças Brasileiras da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia. A pesquisa utilizou um questionário englobando: a) compreensão do conceito de Cultura Popular; b) modificações advindas pela permanência no grupo; c) informações pessoais dos participantes; d) efeitos terapêuticos auto-identificados pelos membros. As perguntas abertas foram analisadas por meio de análise de conteúdo. Os resultados indicam a existência de efeitos positivos em decorrência da participação no grupo. Foi também encontrado que, independentemente da atuação em um contexto de danças brasileiras, o vínculo entre seus integrantes tem fundamental relevância nas modificações descritas pelos mesmos.

The present exploratory and qualitative study aimed to verify the existence of therapeutic effects related to participation in the Baiadô project of the Federal University of Uberlandia. In the study a questionnaire was used which topics included: a) comprehension of the project members concerning popular culture; b) intrapersonal changes regarded as consequence of participation in the project; c) personal information about the participants; d) individual therapeutic effects self-identified. The open questions were analyzed using the method of content analysis. The results indicated that a substantial part of the project participants recognized the existence of positive effects due to the project participation. It was found that the bond between the members and the relationship among them were of fundamental importance for the described changes.

Danças brasileiras e psicoterapia: um estudo sobre efeitos terapêuticos / Brazilian dance and psychotherapy: a study of therapeutic effects

Esta investigação foi um estudo de natureza exploratória e qualitativa sobre efeitos terapêuticos em participantes do Grupo Baiadô: Pesquisa e Prática de Danças Brasileiras da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia. A pesquisa utilizou um questionário englobando: a) compreensão do conceito de Cultura Popular; b) modificações advindas pela permanência no grupo; c) informações pessoais dos participantes; d) efeitos terapêuticos auto-identificados pelos membros. As perguntas abertas foram analisadas por meio de análise de conteúdo. Os resultados indicam a existência de efeitos positivos em decorrência da participação no grupo. Foi também encontrado que, independentemente da atuação em um contexto de danças brasileiras, o vínculo entre seus integrantes tem fundamental relevância nas modificações descritas pelos mesmos.(AU)

The present exploratory and qualitative study aimed to verify the existence of therapeutic effects related to participation in the Baiadô project of the Federal University of Uberlandia. In the study a questionnaire was used which topics included: a) comprehension of the project members concerning popular culture; b) intrapersonal changes regarded as consequence of participation in the project; c) personal information about the participants; d) individual therapeutic effects self-identified. The open questions were analyzed using the method of content analysis. The results indicated that a substantial part of the project participants recognized the existence of positive effects due to the project participation. It was found that the bond between the members and the relationship among them were of fundamental importance for the described changes.(AU)