Use of Temporary Immersion Systems in the Establishment of Biofactories.

Companies dedicated to the large-scale propagation of plant species are known as biofactories or agricultural biotechnology companies. Globally, there are a large number of biofactories (large-scale production) or plant tissue culture laboratories (small-scale production) in charge of supplying commercial propagules of plants of economic interest. Each biofactory implements technological developments such as temporary immersion (TIS) systems that allow them to reduce costs. This chapter analyzes some of the biofactories established globally, the main plant species propagated, and whether or not they implement the use of TIS.

A Temporary Immersion System Improves Regeneration of In Vitro Irradiated Recalcitrant Indica Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Embryogenic Calli.

The development of gamma ray-mutated rice lines is a solution for introducing genetic variability in indica rice varieties already being used by farmers. In vitro gamma ray (60Co) mutagenesis reduces chimeras and allows for a faster selection of desirable traits but requires the optimization of the laboratory procedure. The objectives of the present work were sequencing of matK and rbcL, the in vitro establishment of recalcitrant rice embryogenic calli, the determination of their sensitivity to gamma radiation, and optimization of the generation procedure. All sequenced genes matched perfectly with previously reported matK and rbcL O. sativa genes. Embryogenic calli induction improved using MS medium containing 2 mg L-1 2,4-D, and regeneration was achieved with MS medium with 3 mg L-1 BA and 0.5 mg L-1 NAA. The optimized radiation condition was 60 Gy, (LD20 = 64 Gy) with 83% regeneration. An immersion system (RITA®, Saint-Mathieu-de-Tréviers, France) of either 60 or 120 s every 8 h allowed systematic and homogeneous total regeneration of the recalcitrant line. Other well-known recalcitrant cultivars, CR1821 and CR1113, also had improved regeneration in the immersion system. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting the use of an immersion system to allow for the regeneration of gamma-ray mutants from recalcitrant indica rice materials.

Surgical treatment of acute cholecystitis in patients with confirmed COVID-19: Ten case reports and review of literature.

BACKGROUND: Research concerning postoperative outcomes of confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients revealed unfavorable postoperative results with increased morbidity, pulmonary complications and mortality. Case reports have suggested that COVID-19 is associated with more aggressive presentation of acute cholecystitis. The aim of the present study is to describe the perioperative assessment and postoperative outcomes of ten patients with confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection with concomitant acute cholecystitis who underwent cholecystectomy. CASE SUMMARY: We report a total of 10 SARS-CoV-2 positive patients with concomitant acute cholecystitis that underwent cholecystectomy. Six patients were males, the mean age was 47.1 years. Nine patients had moderate acute cholecystitis, and one patient had severe acute cholecystitis. All patients were treated with urgent/early laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Regarding the Parkland grading scale, two patients received a Parkland grade of 3, two patients received a Parkland grade of 4, and six patients received a Parkland grade of 5. Eight patients required a bail-out procedure. Four patients developed biliary leakage and required endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with biliary sphincterotomy. After surgery, five patients developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and required intensive care unit (ICU) admission. One patient died after cholecystectomy due to ARDS complications. The mean total length of stay (LOS) was 18.2 d. The histopathology demonstrated transmural necrosis (n = 5), vessel obliteration with ischemia (n = 3), perforation (n = 3), and acute peritonitis (n = 10). CONCLUSION: COVID-19 patients with acute cholecystitis had difficult cholecystectomies, high rates of ICU admission, and a prolonged LOS.

Absceso de psoas iliaco: un desafío diagnóstico / Psoas-Iliac Abscess a dignotic challengen

El absceso de músculo psoas iliaco se considera una rare-za. Su detección ha mejorado con la utilización de imágenes como la tomografía computada o la resonancia magnética. Presentamos una revisión de casos de absceso de psoas-iliaco internados entre julio de 2015 y febrero de 2018 en un hospital de CABA, Argentina.En este periodo se diagnosticaron un paciente conside-rado de origen primario y ocho de origen secundario. Se observó predominio de colecciones asociadas a es-pondilodiscitis. El síntoma más frecuente fue la fiebre. Staphylococcus aureus fue el germen más rescatado en muestras microbiológicas. Se debe tener alto índice de sospecha de esta patología ante la presencia de fiebre, dolor lumbar y en ocasiones alteración de la marcha. El empleo de antibióticos de amplio espectro sumado a la evacuación de colecciones constituyen la estrategia más efectiva

Psoas-iliac muscle abscess is considered a rarity, the use of images such as computed tomography or magnetic reso-nance imaging has improved its detection.This study reviews cases of psoas-iliac abscess in hospi-talized patients between July 2015 and February 2018 in a hospital in CABA, Argentina.In one of the patients the origin was considered primary ,while in the other eight it was secondary. There was a pre-dominance of collections associated with spondylodiscitis. The most frequent symptom was fever. Staphylococcus au-reus was the most frequent organism obtained in microbio-logical samples. A high level of suspicion must be held in the presence of fever, lumbar pain and sometimes alteration of the gait. The use of broad spectrum antibiotics in addition to evacuation of collections is the most effective strategy.

Utilización de ketamina en paciente pediátrico con crisis de dolor en artritis idiopática juvenil. Informe de caso / Using ketamine in a pediatric patient with a pain crisis in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. A case report

Abstract Introduction: Ketamine has been used as a pain management strategy, particularly in adults. There are some clinical data about the use of Ketamine in children but there are no reports referring to its efficacy, specifically in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Ketamine could therefore become an alternate option in the management of refractory cases. Clinical findings: This report discusses the case of a 7-year-old male patient with a history of juvenile idiopathic arthritis who was admitted to the hospital as a result of an inflammatory pain crisis associated with stiff hands and feet, pain, edema, and enthesitis, in addition to signs of bilateral sacroiliitis, stiffness impairing gait, passive and active movements, poor response to multimodal analgesia with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, steroids and weak opioids. Adequate pain control and significant improvement of the child's function was achieved after initiating ketamine infusion at analgesic doses. Conclusions: This case provides valuable information about the usefulness of ketamine as a modulator of central sensitization and inflammation that could be extrapolated to a similar population of rheumatology patients.

Resumen Introducción: La ketamina se ha empleado como estrategia analgésica sobre todo en adultos. En los niños existen algunos datos clínicos sobre su uso, sin embargo, no hay reportes que hagan referencia de su efectividad en el caso específico de dolor por artritis idiopática juvenil, dejando esta como una posible alternativa de manejo en casos refractarios. Hallazgos clínicos: El presente reporte describe, el caso de un paciente masculino de 7 años con antecedente de artritis idiopática juvenil, hospitalizado por una crisis dolorosa de tipo inflamatorio asociado a rigidez en pies y manos, con dolor, edema y entesitis y signos de sacroileítis bilateral, dificultad para la marcha y rigidez que lo limitaba para movimientos activos y pasivos, poca respuesta a la analgesia multimodal con AINES, esteroides y opioides débiles, en quien se obtuvo un adecuado control del dolor y mejoría significativa de su capacidad funcional luego de iniciar infusión de ketamina en dosis analgésicas. Conclusión: Este caso nos brinda información valiosa sobre la utilidad de la ketamina como modulador de la sensibilización central e inflamación que podría ser extrapolada a una población similar de pacientes reumatológicos.

DNA damage response signaling does not trigger redistribution of SAMHD1 to nuclear foci.

SAMHD1 (Sterile alpha motif and histidine-aspartic acid (HD) domain containing protein 1) is a deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) triphosphohydrolase (dNTPase) that restricts viral replication in infected cells. This protein is also involved in DNA repair by assisting in DNA end resection by homologous recombination (HR) after DNA double-strand break (DSB) induction with camptothecin (CPT) or etoposide (ETO). We showed that a monoclonal anti-SAMHD1 antibody produced against the full-length protein detected an unspecific 50 kDa protein that colocalized with dot-like structures after CPT treatment in HeLa cells. In contrast, a polyclonal anti-SAMHD1 antibody raised against the N-terminus of this protein specifically detected SAMHD1, as shown in Jurkat, HAP1KO and HEK293T SAMHD1-siRNA cell lysates compared with their respective controls. Our findings showed that SAMHD1 is not localized in dot-like structures under DSB induction in HeLa cells.

Comparative descriptive anatomy of the femoral artery in crab-eating fox, hoary fox and maned wolf / Anatomia descritiva comparativa da artéria femoral de cachorro-do-mato, raposa-do-campo e lobo-guará

The goal of this study was to describe the anatomy of the femoral artery in wild canids such as the crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous), the hoary fox (Lycalopex vetulus), and the maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus). Two specimens from each canid group were used. Red dyed latex was injected in the arterial system of the animals, which were then fixed in 10% formaldehyde aqueous solution and dissected following the routine techniques in macroscopic anatomy. In the three canid groups, the arterial pattern was similar to that described for domestic canids, in which the deep femoral artery rises from the external iliac artery, still in the abdominal cavity, and sends its first branch, the lateral circumflex femoral artery. A few muscular branches, one or two caudal femoral arteries, and the terminal branches ­ the descending genicular artery, the saphenous artery, and the popliteal artery ­ are all originated from the femoral artery. The origin pattern of these vessels also shows similarities with those from domestic canids, sometimes forming trunks and occasionally rising individually. Thus, it can be concluded that the anatomical pattern of the femoral artery and its branches in wild canids shows similarities with that from domestic canids, but inherent variations in each species are also present.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a anatomia da artéria femoral em canídeos selvagens, como o cachorro do mato (Cerdocyon thous), a raposa do campo (Lycalopex vetulus) e o lobo-guará (Chrysocyon brachyurus). Foram utilizados dois espécimes de cada grupo canídeo. Solução de látex vermelha foi injetada no sistema arterial dos animais, que foram então fixados em solução aquosa de formaldeído a 10% e dissecados seguindo as técnicas rotineiras da anatomia macroscópica. Nos três grupos canídeos, o padrão arterial foi semelhante ao descrito para canídeos domésticos, em que a artéria femoral profunda origina da artéria ilíaca externa, ainda na cavidade abdominal, e envia seu primeiro ramo, a artéria femoral circunflexa lateral. Alguns ramos musculares, uma ou duas artérias femorais caudais e os ramos terminais - a artéria genicular descendente, a artéria safena e a artéria poplítea - são originários da artéria femoral. O padrão de origem desses vasos também mostra semelhanças com as de canídeos domésticos, às vezes formando troncos e ocasionalmente originando individualmente. Assim, pode-se concluir que o padrão anatômico da artéria femoral e seus ramos em canídeos selvagens mostra semelhanças com a dos canídeos domésticos, mas variações inerentes em cada espécie também estão presentes.(AU)

Use of ELISA based on NcSRS2 of Neospora caninum expressed in Pichia pastoris for diagnosing neosporosis in sheep and dogs / Utilização de um ELISA baseado em NcSRS2 de Neospora caninum expressa em Pichia pastoris para diagnóstico de neosporose em ovinos e cães

Neosporosis is a disease caused by the protozoon Neospora caninum that leads to significant economic losses in many countries. In the present study, we report on use of the recombinant protein NcSRS2 of N. caninum expressed in Pichia pastoris in an indirect immunoenzymatic assay (ELISA) for diagnosing neosporosis infection in sheep and dogs. We observed that the ELISA test yielded specificity of 94.5% and sensitivity of 100% for sheep and specificity of 93.3% and sensitivity of 100% for dogs. We observed that the sensitivity was higher than shown by the indirect fluorescent antibody test, and this was confirmed by means of Western blot. The results from this study suggest that the recombinant protein expressed in P. pastoris is a suitable antigen for use in immunodiagnosis to detect N. caninum in two important species exposed to this parasitosis.(AU)

A neosporose é uma doença causada pelo protozoário Neospora caninum que leva a perdas econômicas importantes em muitos países. No presente estudo, é descrita a utilização da proteína recombinante NcSRS2 de N. caninum expressa em Pichia pastoris em um ensaio imunoenzimático indireto (ELISA) para o diagnóstico de infecção por Neospora em ovelhas e cães. Observou-se, que utilizando-se um ELISA, o teste produziu uma especificidade de 94,5% e uma sensibilidade de 100% para ovinos, e uma especificidade de 93,3% e sensibilidade de 100% para cães. Uma maior sensibilidade foi observada em relação à IFI que foi confirmada por Western blot. Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que a proteína recombinante expressa em P. pastoris é bom antígeno para ser utilizado no diagnóstico imunológico para detectar N. caninum em duas espécies importantes expostas a esta parasitose.(AU)

Distúrbios reprodutivos do rebanho bubalino nacional / Reproductive problems of the national Buffalo herd

O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever as principais alterações reprodutivas que ocorrem no rebanho bubalino nacional, aqui classificado como de origem adquirida e de origem genética/congênita, tanto em machos como em fêmeas, embasando os profissionais quanto a sua ocorrência, especialmente em relação aos problemas de caráter genético para que possam evitar que animais com tais alterações sejam utilizados como doadores de sêmen (Touros) ou ovócitos/embriões (Matrizes), respectivamente, em centrais de Biotecnologia da Reprodução, prevenindo deste modo a difusão do problema genético reprodutivo no rebanho nacional.(AU)

The objective of this paper is to present the most important reproductive problems that occur in national buffalo herd, in both male and female, which were classified as acquired and genetic/congenital etiology in order to give technical support for professionals in relation to the occurrence of such problems, especially in relation to the genetics ones to avoid that animals with such alterations are used as donor of semen (Bulls) or donor of oocytes/embryos (Cow), respectively, preventing this way that such genetic problems are spread in the herd.(AU)

Actinomicose mandibular em ovino: relato de caso / Jaw actinomycosis in a sheep: case report

O agente primário da actinomicose/osteomielite mandibular é o Actinomyces bovis que infecta principalmente ossos da cavidade oral de bovinos, acarretando prejuízos econômicos devido a perda de peso ocasionada pela dor à mastigação. O diagnóstico é comumente realizado por um bom exame clínico, radiográfico, bacterioscopia e cultivo microbiológico. Neste relato é apresentado o caso de um ovino com aumento localizado de mandíbula. O exame radiográfico demonstrou osteomielite. Amostras da lesão foram coletadas para realização de exame microbiológico e histopatológico. A histopatologia evidenciou lesão piogranulomatosa e na bacterioscopia foi demonstrado um agente Gram-positivo ramificado, filamentoso e catalase negativo. Os achados clínicos associados aos resultados dos exames complementares confirmaram a ocorrência incomum de infecção mandibular por A. bovis em um ovino. (AU)

JAW ACTINOMYCOSIS IN A SHEEP: CASE REPORT. The primary agent of actinomicosis/mandibular osteomyelitis is Actinomyces bovis that infects mainly bones of the oral cavity of cattle, resulting in economic losses due to weight loss caused by pain on chewing. The diagnosis is usually made by a good clinical examination, radiographic, bacterioscopy and microbiological culture. This report describes the case of a sheep that had localized increase of the jaw, where the material from the lesion was collected for microbiological and histopathological diagnosis. Osteomyelitis was demonstrated by radiography. Piogranuloma was observed at the histophatology. Bacterioscopy evidenced a Gram-positive, branched, filamentous and catalase negative agent. The main clinical findings and diagnoses confirmed the occurrence of unusual jaw infection by A. bovis in a sheep. (AU)

Distúrbios reprodutivos do rebanho bubalino nacional / Reproductive problems of the national Buffalo herd

O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever as principais alterações reprodutivas que ocorrem no rebanho bubalino nacional, aqui classificado como de origem adquirida e de origem genética/congênita, tanto em machos como em fêmeas, embasando os profissionais quanto a sua ocorrência, especialmente em relação aos problemas de caráter genético para que possam evitar que animais com tais alterações sejam utilizados como doadores de sêmen (Touros) ou ovócitos/embriões (Matrizes), respectivamente, em centrais de Biotecnologia da Reprodução, prevenindo deste modo a difusão do problema genético reprodutivo no rebanho nacional.

The objective of this paper is to present the most important reproductive problems that occur in national buffalo herd, in both male and female, which were classified as acquired and genetic/congenital etiology in order to give technical support for professionals in relation to the occurrence of such problems, especially in relation to the genetics ones to avoid that animals with such alterations are used as donor of semen (Bulls) or donor of oocytes/embryos (Cow), respectively, preventing this way that such genetic problems are spread in the herd.

Actinomicose mandibular em ovino: relato de caso / Jaw actinomycosis in a sheep: case report

O agente primário da actinomicose/osteomielite mandibular é o Actinomyces bovis que infecta principalmente ossos da cavidade oral de bovinos, acarretando prejuízos econômicos devido a perda de peso ocasionada pela dor à mastigação. O diagnóstico é comumente realizado por um bom exame clínico, radiográfico, bacterioscopia e cultivo microbiológico. Neste relato é apresentado o caso de um ovino com aumento localizado de mandíbula. O exame radiográfico demonstrou osteomielite. Amostras da lesão foram coletadas para realização de exame microbiológico e histopatológico. A histopatologia evidenciou lesão piogranulomatosa e na bacterioscopia foi demonstrado um agente Gram-positivo ramificado, filamentoso e catalase negativo. Os achados clínicos associados aos resultados dos exames complementares confirmaram a ocorrência incomum de infecção mandibular por A. bovis em um ovino.

JAW ACTINOMYCOSIS IN A SHEEP: CASE REPORT. The primary agent of actinomicosis/mandibular osteomyelitis is Actinomyces bovis that infects mainly bones of the oral cavity of cattle, resulting in economic losses due to weight loss caused by pain on chewing. The diagnosis is usually made by a good clinical examination, radiographic, bacterioscopy and microbiological culture. This report describes the case of a sheep that had localized increase of the jaw, where the material from the lesion was collected for microbiological and histopathological diagnosis. Osteomyelitis was demonstrated by radiography. Piogranuloma was observed at the histophatology. Bacterioscopy evidenced a Gram-positive, branched, filamentous and catalase negative agent. The main clinical findings and diagnoses confirmed the occurrence of unusual jaw infection by A. bovis in a sheep.

Epúlide ossificante em cão boxer: relato de caso / Ossifying epulid in a boxer dog: Case report

A cavidade oral é o quarto local mais freqüente para aparecimento de neoplasias em pequenos animais, merecendo cuidadosa avaliação clínica para diagnóstico precoce dessas enfermidades. A biópsia excisional, seguida de avaliação histopatológica do material colhido, tem fundamental importância para diagnóstico, planejamento terapêutico e prognóstico para pacientes com neoplasias orais. Este trabalho descreve o diagnostico de epúlide ossoficante e seu tratamento por ressecção cirúrgica com bisturi elétrico e broca odontológica, em um cão Boxer com idade de oito anos. A técnica tem fácil aplicação, baixo custo e resultado satisfatório, desde que aplicada corretamente

Oral cavity is the fouth most frequent location for neoplasia in small animals, requiring careful clinical evaluation for early diagnosis. Excisional biopsy followed by histopathological examination is fundamentally important for diagnosis, therapeutic planning and prognosis for oral neoplasia patients. This paper reports the diagnosis and treatment of assifying epulid in an eight-year old male Boxer dog. Electron-surgery associated to the use of a dental burr is an easy, low – cost and effective technique, when correctly employed

Epúlide ossificante em cão boxer: relato de caso / Ossifying epulid in a boxer dog: Case report

A cavidade oral é o quarto local mais freqüente para aparecimento de neoplasias em pequenos animais, merecendo cuidadosa avaliação clínica para diagnóstico precoce dessas enfermidades. A biópsia excisional, seguida de avaliação histopatológica do material colhido, tem fundamental importância para diagnóstico, planejamento terapêutico e prognóstico para pacientes com neoplasias orais. Este trabalho descreve o diagnostico de epúlide ossoficante e seu tratamento por ressecção cirúrgica com bisturi elétrico e broca odontológica, em um cão Boxer com idade de oito anos. A técnica tem fácil aplicação, baixo custo e resultado satisfatório, desde que aplicada corretamente(AU)

Oral cavity is the fouth most frequent location for neoplasia in small animals, requiring careful clinical evaluation for early diagnosis. Excisional biopsy followed by histopathological examination is fundamentally important for diagnosis, therapeutic planning and prognosis for oral neoplasia patients. This paper reports the diagnosis and treatment of assifying epulid in an eight-year old male Boxer dog. Electron-surgery associated to the use of a dental burr is an easy, low cost and effective technique, when correctly employed(AU)