ABSTRACT
Introducción. El rápido aumento de la producción agrícola, las actividades extractivas y la expansión demográfica han originado degradación del suelo y la modificación del equilibrio dinámico propio de un ecosistema debido, entre otras cosas, a un cambio drástico en las formas tradicionales de agricultura como la disminución de periodos de descanso entre cultivos o barbecheo. Objetivo. Describir la dinámica de barbecho desde su origen, así como su influencia en el uso y transformación del suelo desde el punto de vista ambiental en un contexto histórico. Metodología. El método utilizado fue la consulta en bases de datos de revistas indizadas utilizando palabras claves como: barbecho, descanso, suelo, prácticas culturales andinas, prácticas agroculturales, agricultura tradicional y páramo; sin descartar artículos por fecha de publicación. Resultados. La evidencia encontrada en la literatura científica apunta que el barbecho es una práctica cultural tradicional que puede ser un modelo apropiado para el diseño de agroecosistemas, favoreciendo positivamente las condiciones ambientales y la sostenibilidad de ecosistemas estratégicos, como es el caso particular de los páramos cuya vocación primaria es la conservación.
Introduction: The rapid increase in agricultural production, extractive activities and demographic expansion have caused soil degradation and the modification of the dynamic equilibrium of an ecosystem due, among other things, to a drastic change in traditional forms of agriculture such as the decrease in rest periods between crop and fallow land. Objective: To describe the fallow land dynamics from its origin, as well as its influence on the use and transformation of the soil from the environmental point of view in a historical context. Methodology: The method used was the consultation in databases of indexed journals using keywords such as: fallow, rest, soil, Andean cultural practices, agricultural practices, traditional agriculture and paramo without discarding articles by publication date. Results: The evidence found in the scientific literature indicates that fallow is a traditional cultural practice that can be an appropriate model for the design of agroecosystems favoring positively environmental conditions and the sustainability of strategic ecosystems, as is the case of the paramos, whose primary vocation is conservation.
Subject(s)
Humans , Crops, Agricultural , Soil , Culture , Sustainable AgricultureABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Brazilian mangrove forests are widely distributed along the coast and exploited by groups of people with customs and habits as diverse as the biology of the mangrove ecosystems. This study identifies different methods of extracting crabs that inhabit the mangrove belts; some of these activities, such as catching individual crabs by hand, are aimed at maintaining natural stocks of this species in Mucuri (south Bahia), Brazil. METHODS: In the studied community, illegal hunting activities that violate Brazilian legislation limiting the use of tangle-netting in mangrove ecosystem were observed. RESULTS: According to our observations, fishermen, to catch individual crabs, use the tangle-netting technique seeking to increase income and are from families that have no tradition of extraction. CONCLUSIONS: This analysis leads us to conclude that catchers from economically marginalised social groups enter mangroves for purposes of survival rather than for purposes of subsistence, because the catching by tangle-netting is a predatory technique. Tangle-netting technique increase caught but also increases their mortality rate. We emphasise that traditional catching methods are unique to Brazil and that manual capturing of crab should be preserved through public policies aimed at maintaining the crab population.
Subject(s)
Brachyura , Culture , Seafood , Adult , Animals , Brazil , Female , Habits , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Wetlands , Young AdultABSTRACT
En los últimos años han aparecido problemáticas de salud nuevas y renovadas, cuya característica transversal es que no se les encuentra una causa orgánica en términos biopsicomédicos. Este artículo aborda algunas de éstas problemáticas asociadas al dolor crónico con diagnóstico de fibromialgia. De esta manera, el objetivo es analizar la forma en que personas con diagnóstico de fibromialgia y que participan en organizaciones de pacientes, transforman el malestar corporal en malestar psicosocial respecto a su enfermedad. Esto se ha hecho mediante el uso de métodos cualitativos, específicamente con grupos focales y análisis de contenido. Los principales resultados arrojan el mejoramiento de la calidad de vida en quienes logran hacer este tránsito, evidenciando al mismo tiempo la necesidad de incorporar las dimensiones de género, desigualdad social y relaciones de poder que cruzan el acceso a la salud pública en este nuevo conjunto de problemáticas sanitarias.
The research identifies the effects of sociodemographic variables and quality of life in the academic performance of 465 students of the Faculty of Health Sciences of the University of Magdalena. The methodology used for data collection consisted of the application of two instruments to students of the Faculty of Health Sciences of the University of Magdalena, the instrument of Martha Artunduaga on variables that influence the achievement of the University and the instrument SF 36 was the quality of life in health. We conclude that there is no relationship between quality of life, sociodemographic factors and academic performance in the subjects of this sample. While a significant and inverse relationship between age and academic performance as well as the social status and academic performance was observed, showing that the lower the social stratum have better academic performance among younger and better academic performance, are relates this phenomenon by the fact that students are faced with strength and persistence of the difficulties perceiving education as an opportunity to overcome poverty as the core of the theory of social mobility.
Subject(s)
Socioeconomic FactorsABSTRACT
Objetivo: O objetivo desta pesquisa foi verificar o conhecimento etnobotânico dos agricultores da região Cariri do Estado do Ceará, Brasil, no tratamento das dores na coluna e nos músculos provocadas pelo trabalho, considerando-se a cultura e a biodiversidade. Método: Os dados etnobotânicos foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, técnica de lista livre e bola de neve, sendo analisados pelos métodos do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo e do Valor de Uso da Espécie. Resultados: Foram encontradas 18 espécies, sendo que o Barbatimão (Stryphnodendron rotundifolium Mart) e a Sucupira (Bowdichia virgilioides Kunth) foram as espécies mais citadas, apresentando valor de uso de 0,5 e 0,6, respectivamente. Constatou-se vasta riqueza de informações correlacionas à cultura das comunidades tradicionais estudadas. Conclusão: Conclui-se que compreender as atividades desenvolvidas na agricultura permite a fisioterapia e a terapia ocupacional trabalharem a promoção da saúde dos agricultores, melhorando assim a sua qualidade de vida.
Objective: The research aimed to evaluate the ethnobotanical knowledge of farmers from Cariri, Ceara, Brazil, in the treatment of occupational back and muscles pain, considering the local culture and biodiversity. Method: The ethnobotanical data were obtained through semi-structured interviews, free list technic and snowball, and analyzed by Collective Subject Discourse and species use value methods. Results: We found 18 species; Barbatimão (Stryphnodendron rotundifolium Mart) and Sucupira (Bowdichia virgilioides Kunth) were the most cited species with use-value of 0.5 and 0.6, respectively. We found a vast wealth of information related to culture of traditional communities studied. Conclusion: Comprehension about the activities developed in agriculture allows occupational therapy to intervene and work to promote the health of farmers thereby improving their quality of life.
ABSTRACT
La investigación permite identificar los efectos de variables sociodemográficas y la calidad de vida en el desempeño académico de 465 estudiantes de la Facultad Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad del Magdalena. La metodologia utilizada para la obtención de los datos consistió en la aplicación de dos instrumentos a estudiantes de la Facultad Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad del Magdalena. Un instrumento, de Martha Artunduaga, sobre Variables que influyen en el rendimiento académico de la Universidad y el otro instrumento fue el SF 36 sobre la calidad de vida en salud. Se concluye que no existe relacion entre calidad de vida, factores sociodemográficos y desempeño académico en los sujetos de esta muestra. A la vez, se observó una relacion significativa e inversamente proporcional entre la edad y el desempeño académico al igual que el estrato social y el desempeño académico, presentando que entre más bajo el estrato social mejor desempeño academico tiene y entre menor edad mejor desempeño académico; se relaciona este fenómeno por el hecho de que los estudiantes se enfrentan con fuerza y persistencia a las dificultades percibiendo la educación como una oportunidad de superación de pobreza como eje de la teoría de la movilidad social.
The research identifies the effects of sociodemographic variables and quality of life in the academic performance of 465 students of the Faculty of Health Sciences of the University of Magdalena. The methodology used for data collection consisted of the application of two instruments to students of the Faculty of Health Sciences of the University of Magdalena, the instrument of Martha Artunduaga on variables that influence the achievement of the University and the instrument SF 36 was the quality of life in health. We conclude that there is no relationship between quality of life, sociodemographic factors and academic performance in the subjects of this sample. While a significant and inverse relationship between age and academic performance as well as the social status and academic performance was observed, showing that the lower the social stratum have better academic performance among younger and better academic performance, are relates this phenomenon by the fact that students are faced with strength and persistence of the difficulties perceiving education as an opportunity to overcome poverty as the core of the theory of social mobility.