The effect of using mobile phone applications for intelligent pelvic floor rehabilitation on elderly female patients with stress urinary incontinence.

BACKGROUND: Stress urinary incontinence is prevalent among women and the incidence increases with age. OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of intelligent pelvic floor muscle rehabilitation on elderly female patients with incontinence. METHODS: A total of 209 patients with urinary incontinence who were treated with pelvic floor muscle rehabilitation at Peking University International Hospital from September 2020 to January 2022 were selected by convenient sampling. All subjects were divided into the 50-60 year old patient group (n= 51) and over 60 years old patient group according to age (n= 158). The subjects of different age group were divided into an experimental group and a control group. The patients in the control group received routine nursing and health education, and the patients in the observation group received a combination of mobile application use and smart dumbbells. Based on this, we constructed an intervention model for intelligent, continuous pelvic floor rehabilitation. After 7 and 12 weeks, pelvic floor muscle function knowledge and exercise compliance in the two groups were evaluated. The improvement of urinary incontinence symptoms, pelvic floor muscle strength grades and quality-of-life scales were evaluated. RESULTS: The results showed that pelvic floor knowledge and exercise compliance in the experimental group were better than in the control group at 7 and 12 weeks after intervention (P< 0.05). There was no significant difference in pelvic floor muscle strength and quality of life between the two groups at 7 weeks after intervention (P> 0.05). However, there was a significant difference in pelvic floor muscle strength and quality of life between the two groups at 12 weeks after intervention (P< 0.05). There was no significant difference between different age groups. CONCLUSION: The intelligent pelvic floor rehabilitation model that combines a mobile application with smart dumbbells can maintain and strengthen the clinical treatment effect for elderly patients with urinary incontinence.

Impacts of physical coordination training on speed in short track speed skating / Impactos do treinamento de coordenação física sobre a velocidade na patinação de velocidade em pista curta / Efectos del entrenamiento de la coordinación física sobre la velocidad en el patinaje de velocidad en pista corta

ABSTRACT Introduction Although the development time of short-track speed skating in China is relatively short, with the joint efforts of many athletes and coaches, the special technical level can be comparable with that of European and American countries. Objective Verify the impacts of physical coordination training on speed in short track speed skating. Methods Athletes from the provincial skating team were randomly selected and distributed into control and experimental groups to apply the training method on physical coordination in short track speed skating. Results The average body fat rate of the skaters in the control group was 15.24%, the average body fat rate in the control group was 15.20%, and the T value of the experimental group and control group was 1.00, P = 0.374 < 0.05. Conclusion Because they are special equipment, the turn resistance training device and the air resistance parachute played an important role in improving the special fitness of Chinese short track speed skaters. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução Embora o tempo de desenvolvimento da patinação em pista curta na China seja relativamente curto, com os esforços conjuntos de muitos atletas e treinadores, o nível técnico especial pode ser comparável com o dos países europeus e americanos. Objetivo Verificar os impactos do treinamento de coordenação física sobre a velocidade na patinação de velocidade em pista curta. Métodos Atletas da equipe de patinação provincial foram aleatoriamente selecionados e distribuídos em grupos controle e experimental para aplicar o método de treinamento na coordenação física de patinação de velocidade em pista curta. Resultados A taxa média de gordura corporal dos patinadores no grupo controle foi 15,24%, a taxa média de gordura corporal no grupo de controle foi 15,20%, e o valor de T do grupo experimental e do grupo de controle foi 1,00, P = 0,374 < 0,05. Conclusão Por serem equipamentos especiais, o dispositivo de treinamento de resistência à curva e o paraquedas de resistência ao ar desempenharam um papel importante na melhoria da aptidão física especial dos patinadores chineses de velocidade em pista curta. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción Aunque el tiempo de desarrollo del patinaje de velocidad en pista corta en China es relativamente corto, con el esfuerzo conjunto de muchos atletas y entrenadores, el nivel técnico especial puede ser comparable al de los países europeos y americanos. Objetivo Verificar los impactos del entrenamiento de la coordinación física sobre la velocidad en el patinaje de velocidad en pista corta. Métodos Se seleccionaron aleatoriamente atletas del equipo provincial de patinaje y se distribuyeron en grupos de control y experimentales para aplicar el método de entrenamiento de la coordinación física en el patinaje de velocidad en pista corta. Resultados El índice medio de grasa corporal de los patinadores del grupo de control fue del 15,24%, el índice medio de grasa corporal del grupo de control fue del 15,20%, y el valor T del grupo experimental y del grupo de control fue de 1,00, P = 0,374 < 0,05. Conclusión Debido a que son equipos especiales, el dispositivo de entrenamiento de resistencia en curva y el paracaídas de resistencia al aire desempeñaron un papel importante en la mejora de la aptitud física especial de los patinadores de velocidad de pista corta chinos. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Enhancing satiety and aerobic performance with beer microparticles-based non-alcoholic drinks: exploring dose and duration effects.

Beer is an alcoholic beverage, rich in carbohydrates, amino acids, vitamins and polyphenols, consumed worldwide as a social drink. There is a large number of beer styles which depends on the ingredients and brewing process. The consumption of beer as a fluid replacement after sport practice is a current discussion in literature. A non-alcoholic pale-ale microparticles-based beverage (PABM) have been previously designed, however, its phenolic profile and ergogenic effect remain unknown. Thus, this study aims to verify the ergogenic potential (increase of running performance) of PAMB in male Wistar rats. Beer microparticles were obtained by spray drying and beverages with different concentrations were prepared in water. Wistar rats were subjected to a training protocol on a treadmill (5 times/week, 60 min/day) and daily intake of PABM (20 mg.kg-1 or 200 mg.kg-1) or water by gavage. Chlorogenic acid was found to be the main component in the phenolic profile (12.28 mg·g-1) of PABM analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. An increase in the aerobic performance was observed after 4 weeks in the 20 mg.kg-1 group, but the same dose after 8 weeks and a higher dose (200 mg.kg-1) blunted this effect. A higher dose was also related to decrease in food intake. These data suggest that PABM can improve satiety and aerobic performance, but its effect depends on the dose and time of consumption.

Influence of instability training on balance and coordination in tennis players / Influência do treinamento com instabilidade sobre o equilíbrio e a coordenação nos jogadores de tênis / Influencia del entrenamiento de inestabilidad sobre el equilibrio y la coordinación en jugadores de tenis

ABSTRACT Introduction: Corporal balance and psychomotor coordination are factors of extreme importance in the physical fitness of tennis players. It is believed that implementing training with instability in training can have repercussions in a better capacity of action influencing positively in the sports practice. Objective: Explore whether the addition of instability training to daily training can influence the physical fitness of tennis players. Methods: For this experiment, 100 national secondary professional tennis players were selected as volunteers, and divided equally into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received 12 weeks of additional intervention with instability training, while the control group remained with standard training. Pertinent data were collected before and after the intervention, statistically analyzed, and compared to the literature. Results: Anterior motion range of motion in the experimental group increased from 28.965 ± 0.418 to 39.357 ± 0.25; anterior motion accuracy increased from 26.258 ± 2.239 to 34.608 ± 0.342. Posterior stroke range of motion increased from 25.026 ± 2.136 to 34.528 ± 0.10, and posterior motion accuracy increased from 18.230 ± 1.096 to 28.225 ± 0.261. The data in the control group did not show significant changes. Conclusion: Instability training added to tennis players' daily training may influence tennis players' balance ability and movement coordination, positively impacting tennis players' fitness. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies -investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: O equilíbrio corporal e a coordenação psicomotora são fatores de extrema importância na aptidão física dos tenistas. Acredita-se que a implementação de treinamentos com instabilidade no treinamento possa repercutir em uma melhor capacidade de ação influenciando positivamente na prática esportiva. Objetivo: Explorar se o acréscimo do treinamento com instabilidade ao treino diário pode influenciar a aptidão física dos jogadores de tênis. Métodos: Para este experimento, 100 tenistas profissionais secundários nacionais foram selecionados como voluntários, divididos igualmente em grupo experimental e controle. O grupo experimental recebeu 12 semanas de intervenção adicional com o treinamento com instabilidade, enquanto o grupo de controle permaneceu com o treinamento padrão. Os dados pertinentes foram coletados antes e após a intervenção, analisados estatisticamente e comparados à literatura. Resultados: A abrangência do movimento anterior no grupo experimental aumentou de 28,965 ± 0,418 para 39,357 ± 0,25; a precisão do movimento anterior elevou-se de 26,258 ± 2,239 para 34,608 ± 0,342, a abrangência do curso posterior aumentou de 25,026 ± 2,136 para 34,528 ± 0,10, e a precisão do movimento posterior aumentou de 18,230 ± 1,096 para 28,225 ± 0,261. Os dados no grupo controle não apresentaram alterações significativas. Conclusão: O treinamento com instabilidade adicionado ao treinamento diário dos tenistas pode influenciar a capacidade de equilíbrio e a coordenação de movimentos dos tenistas, impactando positivamente a aptidão física dos jogadores de tênis. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: El equilibrio corporal y la coordinación psicomotriz son factores de suma importancia en la aptitud física de los tenistas. Se cree que la implementación de entrenamiento con inestabilidad en el entrenamiento puede repercutir en una mejor capacidad de acción influyendo positivamente en la práctica deportiva. Objetivo: Explorar si la adición del entrenamiento con inestabilidad al entrenamiento diario puede influir en la aptitud física de los tenistas. Métodos: Para este experimento, se seleccionaron como voluntarios 100 tenistas profesionales de nivel secundario nacional, divididos equitativamente en grupo experimental y grupo de control. El grupo experimental recibió 12 semanas de intervención adicional con entrenamiento de inestabilidad, mientras que el grupo de control permaneció con el entrenamiento estándar. Se recogieron datos pertinentes antes y después de la intervención, se analizaron estadísticamente y se compararon con la bibliografía. Resultados: La amplitud del movimiento anterior en el grupo experimental aumentó de 28,965 ± 0,418 a 39,357 ± 0,25; la precisión del movimiento anterior se elevó de 26,258 ± 2,239 a 34,608 ± 0,342, la amplitud del movimiento posterior aumentó de 25,026 ± 2,136 a 34,528 ± 0,10, y la precisión del movimiento posterior se elevó de 18,230 ± 1,096 a 28,225 ± 0,261. Los datos del grupo de control no mostraron cambios significativos. Conclusión: El entrenamiento de inestabilidad añadido al entrenamiento diario de los tenistas puede influir en la capacidad de equilibrio y la coordinación de movimientos de los tenistas, lo que repercute positivamente en la forma física de los tenistas. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Training to improve the physical fitness of table tennis players / Treinamento para melhorar a aptidão física de jogadores de tênis de mesa / Entrenamiento para mejorar la condición física de los jugadores de tenis de mesa

ABSTRACT Introduction: Table tennis is a technical game with nets. The direction changes, ball accelerations, and considerable extensions of table tennis make it more expressive. Physical training is an essential step of physical preparation by contemporary Chinese players. Objective: Discuss the effects of physical training on table tennis players. Methods: A randomized collection was used to select 16 table tennis players. A training follow-up was conducted for one year, with exercises three times a week. Training intensity data and success rate of hitting evolution were statistically analyzed. Results: The ability of table tennis players was improved after one year of physical training under the presented protocol(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in lactate, heart rate, and success rate before and after the intervention(P<0.05). Conclusion: Physical training is essential to improve the energy delivery systems of phosphagen, phosphagen glycolysis, and glycolysis. Physical training is the key to improving table tennis players' performance and physical quality. Coaches can use the results of this article to monitor the special physical training of athletes. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: O tênis de mesa é um jogo de técnica com redes. As mudanças de direção, acelerações da bola e extensões consideráveis do tênis de mesa o tornam mais expressivo. O treinamento físico é uma etapa essencial da preparação física por parte dos jogadores chineses contemporâneos. Objetivo: Discutir os efeitos do treinamento físico sobre os jogadores de tênis de mesa. Métodos: Utilizou-se uma coleta aleatória para selecionar 16 jogadores de tênis de mesa. Foi realizado um acompanhamento de treinamento por um ano, com exercícios três vezes por semana. Os dados de intensidade do treinamento e a taxa de sucesso da evolução dos acertos foram analisados estatisticamente. Resultados: A habilidade dos jogadores de tênis de mesa foi aprimorada após um ano de treinamento físico sob o protocolo apresentado(P<0,05). Não houve diferença significativa no lactato, frequência cardíaca e taxa de sucesso antes e depois da intervenção(P<0,05). Conclusão: O treinamento físico é essencial para melhorar os sistemas de fornecimento de energia de fosfágeno, glicólise de fosfágeno e glicólise. O treinamento físico evidenciou ser a chave para melhorar o desempenho e a qualidade física dos jogadores de tênis de mesa. Os treinadores podem utilizar os resultados deste artigo para monitorar o treinamento físico especial dos atletas. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: El tenis de mesa es un juego técnico con redes. Los cambios de dirección, las aceleraciones de la pelota y las considerables extensiones del tenis de mesa lo hacen más expresivo. El entrenamiento físico es un paso esencial de la preparación física de los jugadores chinos contemporáneos. Objetivo: Discutir los efectos del entrenamiento físico en los jugadores de tenis de mesa. Métodos: Se utilizó una colección aleatoria para seleccionar 16 jugadores de tenis de mesa. Se realizó un seguimiento del entrenamiento durante un año, con ejercicios tres veces por semana. Se analizaron estadísticamente los datos de la intensidad del entrenamiento y la tasa de éxito de la evolución de los golpes. Resultados: La capacidad de los jugadores de tenis de mesa mejoró tras un año de entrenamiento físico con el protocolo presentado (P<0,05). No hubo diferencias significativas en el lactato, la frecuencia cardíaca y la tasa de éxito antes y después de la intervención (P<0,05). Conclusión: El entrenamiento físico es esencial para mejorar los sistemas de suministro de energía del fosfágeno, la glucólisis del fosfágeno y la glucólisis. El entrenamiento físico ha demostrado ser la clave para mejorar el rendimiento y la calidad física de los jugadores de tenis de mesa. Los entrenadores pueden utilizar los resultados de este artículo para controlar la preparación física especial de los deportistas. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos -investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Rock-climbing exercise in the physical training of athletes / Exercício de escalada em rochas no treinamento físico dos atletas / El ejercicio de escalada en rocas en la formación física de los deportistas

ABSTRACT Introduction: With the promotion of rock climbing in the Tokyo Olympic Games in 2020 and the China National Games in 2017, the sport has been spread to the general public, and the country has paid more attention to its development. Objective: Study the effects of rock-climbing exercise on athletes' performance in physical training. Methods: A comparative study was conducted on the physical training of rock climbers through literary consultation, experience, and mathematical statistics aiming to explore the impact of the sport on physical training in rock climbers. Fifteen professional rock-climbing team athletes participated in this research. Results: A significant difference was found in strength quality between the experimental group and the control group (p<0.05), there were very significant differences in the fixed bar, push-ups, and 1min abdominal exercises (p<0.01) after the experiment, there were significant differences in speed, agility, and endurance between the experimental group and the control group (p<0.05), with emphasis on motor coordination and speed quality (p<0.01). Conclusion: Integrating physical training with rock climbing training has a remarkable effect on improving athletes' physical performance. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: Com a promoção da escalada em rocha nos Jogos Olímpicos de Tóquio em 2020 e nos Jogos Nacionais da China em 2017, o esporte foi difundido pelo público em geral e o país tem dado mais atenção ao seu desenvolvimento. Objetivo: Estudar os efeitos do exercício de escalada em rocha sobre o desempenho do treinamento físico nos atletas. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo comparativo sobre o treinamento físico de escaladores em rocha através de consulta literária, experiência e estatísticas matemáticas visando explorar o impacto do esporte no treinamento físico em escaladores. Participaram dessa pesquisa 15 atletas profissionais da equipe de escalada em rocha. Resultados: Foi encontrada uma diferença significativa na qualidade da força entre o grupo experimental e o grupo controle (p<0,05), houve diferenças muito significativas nos exercícios de barra fixa, flexões e abdominais de 1min (p<0,01), após o experimento, houve diferenças significativas na velocidade, agilidade e resistência entre o grupo experimental e o grupo controle (p<0,05), com destaque entre a coordenação motora e a qualidade da velocidade (p<0,01). Conclusão: A integração do treinamento físico com o treinamento de escalada em rocha tem um efeito notável sobre a melhoria do desempenho físico dos atletas. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: Con la promoción de la escalada en roca en los Juegos Olímpicos de Tokio en 2020 y los Juegos Nacionales de China en 2017, este deporte se ha extendido al público en general y el país ha prestado más atención a su desarrollo. Objetivo: Estudiar los efectos del ejercicio de escalada en roca sobre el rendimiento del entrenamiento físico en atletas. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio comparativo sobre la preparación física de los escaladores mediante la consulta literaria, la experiencia y la estadística matemática con el objetivo de explorar el impacto del deporte en la preparación física de los escaladores. Quince atletas profesionales de equipos de escalada en roca participaron en esta investigación. Resultados: Se encontró una diferencia significativa en la calidad de la fuerza entre el grupo experimental y el grupo de control (p<0,05), hubo diferencias muy significativas en los ejercicios de barra fija, flexiones y abdominales de 1min (p<0,01), después del experimento, hubo diferencias significativas en la velocidad, agilidad y resistencia entre el grupo experimental y el grupo de control (p<0,05), con énfasis en la coordinación motora y la calidad de la velocidad (p<0,01). Conclusión: La integración del entrenamiento físico con el de escalada en roca tiene un efecto notable en la mejora del rendimiento físico de los deportistas. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Application of state-of-the-art computer technology to strength training in tennis instruction / Aplicação da tecnologia de computação de ponta no treinamento de força no ensino de treinamento de tênis / Aplicación de tecnología informática más avanzada en el entrenamiento de fuerza en la enseñanza del entrenamiento de tenis

ABSTRACT Introduction: Strength training plays a unique role in improving muscle strength and stability in athletes. Initially used in rehabilitation, it is now widely used in competitive sports. Objective: To combat the problem of physical exercise capacity and body posture maintenance when tennis players complete several complex movements in training, this article reviews the research on strength training in various countries from the core concept. Methods: Based on the main bones, joints, and muscle groups in the core area, the kinematic characteristics, and the physiological mechanism of these muscle groups, the research model of applying strength training in teaching tennis was established. The application of state-of-the-art computer technology in strength training can be based on data feedback from athletes and their training in tennis training. It can be used for real-time or faster data processing and analysis: data processing is closer to the data source than in an external data center or done in the cloud to reduce lag time. Results: Based on the data, we can carry out the corresponding training plans to help the athletes win the championship. With the methods of literature review, experiment, and comparative analysis, this paper studies the influence of strength training on body shape characteristics, the impact of strength training on technical accuracy characteristics, and the effect of strength training on physical health indicators. Conclusion: The results show that the accuracy of the experimental data is improved by 20%, and the authenticity of the data is more robust, thus of practical value. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: O treinamento de força tem um papel único na melhoria da força e estabilidade dos músculos dos atletas. Inicialmente utilizado em reabilitação, atualmente está sendo bastante utilizado em esportes competitivos. Objetivo: No intuito de combater o problema relacionado ao exercício da capacidade física e à manutenção da postura corporal no momento em que os tenistas completam vários movimentos complexos no treinamento, este artigo analisa a pesquisa sobre o treinamento de força em vários países a partir do conceito do core. Métodos: Baseado nos principais ossos, articulações e grupos musculares na área do core, nas características cinemáticas e mecanismo fisiológico desses grupos musculares, foi estabelecido o modelo de pesquisa de aplicação do treinamento de força no ensino do treinamento de tênis. A aplicação da tecnologia de computação de ponta no treinamento de força pode ser baseada no feedback de dados dos atletas e seu treinamento na prática de tênis. Pode ser usado para processamento e análise de dados em tempo real ou mais rápido: o processamento de dados está mais próximo da fonte de dados do que em um centro de dados externo ou feito na nuvem para reduzir o tempo de atraso. Resultados: Com base nos resultados dos dados, podemos realizar os planos de treinamento correspondentes para ajudar os atletas a vencer o campeonato. Com os métodos de revisão de literatura, experiência e análise comparativa, este artigo estuda a influência do treinamento de força nas características de forma do corpo, o impacto do treinamento de força nas características de precisão técnica e o efeito do treinamento de força nos indicadores de saúde física. Conclusão: Os resultados mostram que a precisão dos dados experimentais é aperfeiçoada em 20%, e a autenticidade dos dados é mais robusta, portanto, apresenta valor prático. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

Resumen Introducción: El entrenamiento de fuerza tiene un papel único en la mejora de la fuerza y la estabilidad de los músculos de los deportistas. Inicialmente se utilizaba en la rehabilitación, pero en la actualidad se está extendiendo su uso en los deportes de competición. Objetivo: Para combatir el problema relacionado con el ejercicio de la capacidad física y el mantenimiento de la postura corporal cuando los tenistas completan varios movimientos complejos en el entrenamiento, este artículo analiza la investigación sobre el entrenamiento de la fuerza en varios países a partir del concepto básico. Métodos: Sobre la base de los principales huesos, articulaciones y grupos musculares de la zona central, las características cinemáticas y el mecanismo fisiológico de estos grupos musculares, se estableció el modelo de investigación de la aplicación del entrenamiento de fuerza en la enseñanza del tenis. La aplicación de la tecnología informática más avanzada en el entrenamiento de la fuerza puede basarse en la retroalimentación de los datos de los deportistas y su entrenamiento en la formación del tenis. Puede utilizarse para el procesamiento y el análisis de datos en tiempo real o más rápido: el procesamiento de datos está más cerca de la fuente de datos que en un centro de datos externo o se realiza en la nube para reducir el tiempo de retraso. Resultados: A partir de los resultados de los datos, podemos llevar a cabo los correspondientes planes de entrenamiento para ayudar a los atletas a ganar el campeonato. Con los métodos de revisión de la literatura, experimento y análisis comparativo, este trabajo estudia la influencia del entrenamiento de fuerza en las características de la forma corporal, el impacto del entrenamiento de fuerza en las características de precisión técnica y el efecto del entrenamiento de fuerza en los indicadores de salud física. Conclusión: Los resultados muestran que la precisión de los datos experimentales mejora en un 20%, y la autenticidad de los datos es más robusta, por lo que tiene valor práctico. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Sports training to detect heart rate and body temperature in teenagers / Treinamento esportivo para detectar a frequência cardíaca e a temperatura corporal de adolescentes / Entrenamiento deportivo para detectar frecuencia cardiaca y temperatura corporal en adolescentes

ABSTRACT Introduction There are slight differences in heart rate variation (HRV) between athletes from different sports, and different exercise loads justify the most important reason for this slight difference in HRV. Objective To study the detection of heart rate and body temperature in adolescents by physical training. Methods Twelve young basketball players were randomly selected. Heart rate variability and body temperature indicators were collected before starting the sports intervention activity, lasting four weeks in a specific protocol. After the intervention period, the participant's heart rate variability indicators and body temperature indicators were collected again. In an attempt to understand physical function training using comparative analysis and data processing obtained before and after the exercise intervention. Results A high increase in blood circulation velocity after exercise is directly proportional to the increase in body temperature. After four weeks of training, the heart rate of the 12 athletes increased from 92.35±3.65 to 84.77±5.13 beats per minute. Conclusion Body temperature can rise from the average temperature of 36.5°C before training to 36.7°C. The maximum temperature of 37°C can be reached within 5 minutes after stopping activity. The increasing intensity in physical function training can effectively improve the Standard deviation of the average normal RR intervals and root mean square velocity in the domain index in heart rate variability. Evidence level II; Therapeutic Studies - Investigating the results.

RESUMO Introdução Existem pequenas diferenças na variação de frequência cardíaca (VFC) entre atletas de diferentes esportes, e a razão mais importante para essa pequena diferença de VFC é justificada por diferentes cargas de exercício. Objetivo Estudar a detecção da frequência cardíaca e temperatura corporal em adolescentes pelo treinamento físico. Métodos Doze jovens jogadores de basquete foram selecionados aleatoriamente. Os indicadores de variabilidade da frequência cardíaca e os indicadores de temperatura corporal foram coletados antes do início da atividade de intervenção esportiva, com duração de 4 semanas em protocolo específico. Após o período de intervenção, os indicadores de variabilidade da frequência cardíaca dos participantes e indicadores de temperatura corporal foram coletados novamente. Utilizando a análise comparativa e processamento dos dados obtidos antes e após a intervenção do exercício, buscou-se compreender o treinamento de função física. Resultados O elevado aumento da velocidade da circulação sanguínea após o exercício é diretamente proporcional ao aumento da temperatura corporal. Após 4 semanas de treino, a frequência cardíaca dos 12 atletas passou de 92,35±3,65 para 84,77±5,13 batimentos por minuto. Conclusão A temperatura corporal pode elevar-se da temperatura média de 36,5°C antes do treino para 36,7°C. A temperatura máxima de 37°C pode ser alcançada em 5 minutos após a interrupção da atividade. O aumento da intensidade no treinamento de função física pode efetivamente melhorar o desvio padrão nos intervalos RR normais e a raiz da velocidade quadratica média no índice de domínio na variabilidade da frequência cardíaca. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - Investigação de resultados.

RESUMEN Introducción Existen pequeñas diferencias en la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca (VFC) entre atletas de diferentes deportes, y la razón más importante de esta pequeña diferencia en la VFC se justifica por las diferentes cargas de ejercicio. Objetivo Estudiar la detección de frecuencia cardiaca y temperatura corporal en adolescentes mediante entrenamiento físico. Métodos Doce jóvenes jugadores de baloncesto fueron seleccionados al azar. Se recogieron indicadores de variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca e indicadores de temperatura corporal antes del inicio de la actividad de intervención deportiva, con una duración de 4 semanas en un protocolo específico. Después del período de intervención, se recogieron nuevamente los indicadores de variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca y los indicadores de temperatura corporal de los participantes. Utilizando el análisis comparativo y el procesamiento de datos obtenidos antes y después de la intervención de ejercicios, se buscó comprender el entrenamiento de la función física. Resultados El elevado aumento de la velocidad de la circulación sanguínea después del ejercicio es directamente proporcional al aumento de la temperatura corporal. Después de 4 semanas de entrenamiento, la frecuencia cardíaca de los 12 atletas pasó de 92,35±3,65 a 84,77±5,13 latidos por minuto. Conclusión La temperatura corporal puede subir desde la temperatura media de 36,5°C antes del entrenamiento hasta los 36,7°C. La temperatura máxima de 37°C se puede alcanzar dentro de los 5 minutos después de detener la actividad. El aumento de la intensidad en el entrenamiento de la función física puede mejorar efectivamente la desviación estándar en los intervalos RR normales y la velocidad cuadrática media en el índice de dominio en la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - Investigación de resultados.

Protein Composition of Circulating Extracellular Vesicles Immediately Changed by Particular Short Time of High-Intensity Interval Training Exercise.

INTRODUCTION/PURPOSE: High-intensity interval training (HIIT) promotes various biological processes and metabolic effects in multiple organs, but the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from a variety of cells is not fully understood during HIIT exercise (HIIT-Ex). We investigated the changes in circulating number and proteomic profile of EVs to assess the effect of HIIT-Ex. METHODS: Seventeen young men (median age, 20 years) were enrolled in the study. Total duration of the HIIT-Ex was 4 min. Blood samples were collected from before HIIT-Ex (pre-HIIT-Ex), at the immediate conclusion of HIIT-Ex (T0), at 30 min (T30), and at 120 min after HIIT-Ex. The pulse rate and systolic blood pressure were measured. Circulating EVs were characterized, and EV proteins were detected via nano liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS: The pulse rate and systolic blood pressure at T0 to pre-HIIT-Ex were significantly higher. Circulating EV number was significantly altered throughout the HIIT-Ex, and the source of circulating EVs included skeletal muscle, hepatocytes, and adipose tissue. Proteomic analysis identified a total of 558 proteins within isolated circulating EVs from pre-HIIT-Ex, T0, and T30. Twenty proteins in total were significantly changed at pre-HIIT-Ex, T0, and T30 and are involved in a variety of pathways, such as activation of coagulation cascades, cellular oxidant detoxification, and correction of acid-base imbalance. Catalase and peroxiredoxin II were increased at T0. CONCLUSION: The circulating EV composition can be immediately changed by particularly a short time of HIIT-Ex, indicating that EVs may intercommunicate across various organs rapidly in response to HIIT-Ex.

Prescribing, dosing and titrating exercise in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy for prevention of comorbidities: Ready for prime time.

The benefits of physical activity are well established, leading to both cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular benefits, improving quality of life and reducing mortality. Despite such striking body of evidence, patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are often discouraged by health professionals to practice physical activity and personalised exercise prescription is an exception rather than the rule. As a result, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients are on average less active and spend significantly less time at work or recreational physical activity than the general population. Exercise restriction derives from the evidence that vigorous exercise may occasionally trigger life-threatening arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. However, while participation in competitive sports should be prudentially denied, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients can benefit from the positive effects of regular physical activity, aimed to reduce the risk of comorbidities and improve the quality of life. Based on this rationale, exercise should be prescribed and titrated just like a drug in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients, considering individual characteristics, symptoms, past medical history, objective individual response to exercise, previous training experience and stage of disease. Type, frequency, duration, and intensity should be defined on a personal basis. Yet exercise prescription in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and its long-term effects represent major gaps in our current knowledge and require extensive research. We here review existing evidence regarding benefits and hazards of physical activity, with specific focus on viable modalities for tailored and safe exercise prescription in these patients, highlighting future developments and relevant research targets.

Duration of biodynamic changes associated with water resistance therapy.

INTRODUCTION: In current voice research, there is a growing interest in semi-occluded vocal tract exercises and their contribution to an increased vocal efficiency. However, there are only few studies on the lasting effects. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eight vocally healthy subjects were asked to sustain a phonation at a comfortable loudness on the vowel /i/, with a Fundamental Frequency of 250 Hz (females) or 125 Hz (males). During phonation the subjects were simultaneously recorded with transnasal High Speed Videoendoscopy (HSV, 20,000fps), electroglottography, and audio signals. The subjects then performed a water resistance therapy (WRT) for 10 min (tube: 30 cm length, 5 cm below water surface, diameter 9 mm). Repeated measurements of sustained phonation were performed 0, 5, 10, 20, and 30 min after exercising. From the HSV material the Glottal Area Waveform (GAW) was segmented and GAW parameters were computed. RESULTS: There were strong inter-individual differences concerning the changes of different measures over time after WRT. In general, directly after WRT there was a lowering of the GAW derived Period Perturbation Quotient, a lowering of the Closing Quotient and an increase of the Sound Pressure Level (SPL) in comparison to the pre-intervention measurement. However, only 5 min post WRT there was no longer a clear difference compared to baseline results before WRT. Other values such as Open Quotients exhibited no evident changes by WRT at any timepoint. CONCLUSIONS: WRT showed strong inter-individual effects concerning the changes in the evaluated measures post-intervention. General tendencies of some measures directly after the intervention showed a brief effect of only a few minutes.

The effects of the three-dimensional active trunk training exercise on trunk control ability, trunk muscle strength, and balance ability in sub-acute stroke patients: A randomized controlled pilot study.

BACKGROUND: Trunk control ability has been identified as an important early predictor of functional recovery after stroke. OBJECTIVE: Our study aimed to investigate the effects of three-dimensional active trunk training exercise on trunk control ability, trunk muscle strength, and balance ability in sub-acute stroke patients. METHODS: Twenty-four sub-acute stroke patients were randomly assigned to an experimental (n= 12) or control (n= 12) group. The experimental group (EG) performed three-dimensional active trunk training exercises using the Space Balance 3D system, while the control group (CG) performed only general trunk training exercises five times per week, for a total of three weeks. The Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS), trunk muscle strength, balance ability using the Space Balance 3D system, and Brunel Balance Assessment (BBA) scores were assessed before and after the intervention. RESULTS: Pre-to-post intervention improvement was noted in all outcome measures for both groups (p< 0.05). Post intervention, the TIS, trunk muscle strength, static balance, and BBA scores were significantly higher in the EG than those in the CG (p< 0.05). CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that the three-dimensional active trunk training exercise may be more effective compared to the general trunk training exercise in improving trunk control ability, trunk muscle strength, and balance ability in sub-acute stroke patients.

Treinamento Físico Combinado Melhora a Tolerância ao Exercício e o Prognóstico em Indivíduos com DPOC / Combined Physical Training Improves Exercise Tolerance and Prognosis in Individuals with COPD / El entrenamiento físico combinado mejora la tolerancia al ejercicio y el pronóstico en individuos con EPOC

Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito deste treinamento sobre a tolerância ao exercício em pessoas com DPOC e sobre o prognóstico da doença. Método: Nove idosos com DPOC (GDPOC) e nove idosos saudáveis (GS) foram avaliados antes e após TFC por Teste de caminhada de seis minutos (TC6'), teste incremental no cicloergometro (TIC), composição corporal e teste de 1 repetição máxima (1RM). O GDPOC foi avaliado também pelo índice BODE. O TFC constou de trinta minutos de treinamento aeróbio e três séries de quinze repetições de treinamento resistido em leg press horizontal com carga de 40-60% do teste de 1 repetição máxima, com intervalo de cinco minutos para recuperação. Foram realizadas três sessões semanais durante seis semanas. Resultados: No GDPOC, houve aumento significativo na distância percorrida e melhora no índice BODE. Conclusão: O TFC de seis semanas evidencia ser efetivo para melhora da tolerância ao exercício em indivíduos idosos com DPOC e do prognóstico de indivíduos da doença.

Objective: To identify the effect of this training on exercise tolerance in people with COPD and on the prognosis of the disease. Method: Nine elderly patients with COPD (COPDG) and nine healthy elderly (HG), were avaluated before and after physical training to: six-minute walk test (6MWT), incremental test (ICT), body composition and test 1 repetition maximum (1RM), it was avaluated also in COPDG the BODE index. The training consisted of thirty minutes of aerobic training and three sets of fifteen repetitions of resistance training in leg press horizontal with 40-60% of 1RM, with an interval of five minutes for recovery. Three weekly sessions were held for six weeks. Results: In COPDG, there was a significant increase in the distance covered and an improvement in the BODE index. Conclusion: The 6-week CPT evidence to be effective in improving exercise tolerance in both elderly COPD subjects and the prognosis of disease.

Objetivo: evaluar el efecto de esta capacitación sobre la tolerancia al ejercicio en personas con EPOC y sobre el pronóstico de la enfermedad. Métods: Nueve personas mayores con EPOC (GEPOC) y nueve personas mayores sanas (GS) fueron evaluadas antes y después de TFC mediante una prueba de caminata de seis minutos (6MWT), prueba incremental en el cicloergómetro (ICT), composición corporal y una prueba de 1 repetición máxima (1RM). El GEPOC también se evaluó utilizando el índice BODE. El TFC consistió en treinta minutos de entrenamiento aeróbico y tres series de quince repeticiones de entrenamiento de resistencia en press de piernas horizontal con una carga del 40-60% de la prueba de 1 repetición máxima, con un intervalo de cinco minutos para la recuperación. Se realizaron tres sesiones semanales durante seis semanas. Resultados: En GEPOC, hubo un aumento significativo en la distancia recorrida y una mejora en el índice BODE. Conclusión: El TFC de seis semanas demuestra ser efectivo para mejorar la tolerancia al ejercicio en personas mayores con EPOC y el pronóstico de las personas con la enfermedad.

The Impact of Resveratrol Supplementation on Inflammation Induced by Acute Exercise in Rats: Il6 Responses to Exercise.

Severe physical activity leads to a sharp increase in free radicals, an oxidative stress, inflammation, and tissue damage. Resveratrol as one of the antioxidants can be effective in preventing the effects of oxidative stress. Therefore, the present study was aimed to evaluate the effect of trans-resveratrol supplementation and training exercise on inflammation-related factors. Sixty-four male Wistar rats were divided into six groups, each group consisting of 16 animals: 1) excursive + trans-resveratrol, 2) exercise group, 3) trans-resveratrol group, and 4) control group. Following the familiarization sessions, a more consistent protocol with an intensity of 65% vo2 max was performed for 12 weeks. Afterward, half of the mice in each group received acute exercise training with an intensity of 70-75% of vo2 max at the age of 20 weeks, until reaching the disability level. Finally, the levels of inflammatory markers were measured using special kits. Our findings depicted that inflammatory factors such as CPR, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-7 were not affected by endurance protocol (P > 0.05), whereas, they were significantly increased by acute exercise training (P > 0.05). Additionally, we found that RES supplements led to a decrease in CPR and IL-6 levels, while not affecting TNF-α and IL-17 levels. According to available evidence, RES appears to have anti-inflammatory and protective effects during exercise by reducing inflammatory factors. Further studies are required to clarify the role of trans-resveratrol supplementation after exercise training.

The Blood and Muscle Expression Pattern of the Equine TCAP Gene during the Race Track Training of Arabian Horses.

Horse musculature has been shaped through evolution by environmental and human factors, which has resulted in several extraordinary adaptations to physical effort. Skeletal muscle plasticity results from the response to mechanical stimulation causing hypertrophy, where sarcomeres increase the muscle's cross-sectional area under the influence of contractile forces. The aim of the present study was the evaluation of transcript abundance of the telethonin (TCAP) gene, which is a part of the sarcomere macromolecular mechanosensory complex in the gluteus medius muscle, and the whole blood of Arabian horses during flat race training. The analysis, performed by quantitative PCR, showed an increase of TCAP transcripts in skeletal muscle. However, in whole blood, the transcript abundance decreased after the first stage of training and further increased after the second phase. The obtained results indicate a lack of similarity of TCAP gene expression in both tissues.

Effects of neuromuscular training on pain intensity and self-reported functionality for patellofemoral pain syndrome in runners: study protocol for a randomized controlled clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is common and affects approximately 15% of individuals at different ages and activity levels. As a non-surgical intervention, physiotherapy is widely used to treat PFPS. Neuromuscular training exercise is one of the most effective methods for decreasing musculoskeletal pain and improving knee function. However, the effectiveness of neuromuscular training exercise for treating PFPS is not without argument. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of neuromuscular training exercise on patellofemoral pain and whether the neuromuscular training exercise have more advantage effects than taping and health education. METHODS: We will operate a prospective, single-blind, randomized controlled trial of 60 patients with patellofemoral pain. Individuals will be indiscriminately assigned to two intervention groups and a health education group. The neuromuscular training exercise which includes the muscle strength training, balance training and knee joint proprioception training, and taping group will use "Y" and "I" type taping on the participants three times a week for three months. The health education group will be given education lectures once each week and which last for three months. The primary outcome measures include the adverse events, visual analog scale for pain, and Anterior Knee Pain Scale Index, which is a knee function self-report questionnaire to evaluate the function of the knee especially for PFPS patients. The secondary outcome measures are the muscle strength and endurance of knee joint flexion and extensor muscles, knee joint proprioception, muscle thickness of the quadriceps femoris, knee function ability, and quality of life. We will manage the intention-to-treat analysis for individuals who will withdraw from this study. DISCUSSION: According to previous studies, neuromuscular training exercise and the taping method are effective treatment for PFPS patients. In this study, we will perform a neuromuscular training exercise for patients with PFPS. We believe that this study may prove the effectiveness of neuromuscular training exercise in treating PFPS. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR1800014995 . Registered on 27 February 2018.

The Impact of Aerobic Exercise on Female Bone Health Indicators.

INTRODUCTION: Females usually suffer from bone health problems, particularly with aging. Aerobic exercise has been shown to have health benefits for females. AIM: The main objective of this study was to investigate the impact of aerobic exercise on female bone health by measuring serum trace elements and bone metabolism markers. METHODS: Prospective interventional study was conducted at rehabilitation clinics in Royal Medical Services, Jordan. A total of 65 female participants were included. Participants were assigned into three groups: control group (N = 20), osteopenic group (N = 22), and osteoporotic group (N = 23). A standard aerobic exercise protocol was followed for 12 weeks. Endurance exercise protocol involved three sessions weekly for 60 minutes each. At basal level and after the experiment, the following parameters were assessed: body mass index (BMI), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP), T-score, bone mineral density (BMD), and calcium. The analysis of data was carried out using SPSS version 21. The difference in means was computed based on t-test. Significance was considered at p < 0.05. RESULTS: Aerobic training exercise improved the levels of all parameters in all groups for both sexes significantly, including BMI, BAP, T-score, BMD, and calcium (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Aerobic training exercise improves bone health and restores the hemostasis of bone tissue by restoring bone biomarkers, including BAP and calcium.

A framework for reviewing livestock disease reporting systems in high-risk areas: assessing performance and perceptions towards foot and mouth disease reporting in the Thrace region of Greece, Bulgaria and Turkey.

Disease reporting is an essential frontline component of surveillance systems, particularly for detecting incursions of new and emerging diseases. It has the advantages of being comprehensive and continuous, with the potential to reduce the time of disease detection and the extent of consequent spread. A number of exotic diseases, including sheep and goat pox, lumpy skin disease, peste des petits ruminants and foot and mouth disease have historically entered into south-eastern Europe through the Thrace region, which extends across neighbouring areas of Greece, Bulgaria and Turkey. In this high-risk area, multiple factors can reduce the sensitivity of disease reporting across the diverse production systems and animal health services need robust and effective disease reporting systems. While describing a training exercise designed to provide animal health services of the three countries with the knowledge and skills for conducting comprehensive in-country assessments, we provide an initial evaluation of the sensitivity of foot and mouth disease reporting and identify gaps and constraints in the Thrace region. An expert elicitation approach was used to consult official veterinarians from central and local animal health authorities of the three countries, and scenario trees modelling was applied to analyse the collected data. The reported sensitivity of disease reporting often varied between the central and local veterinary authorities within the three countries. Awareness of clinical disease, of reporting procedures and of biosecurity measures affected the early stages of disease reporting, particularly in the production systems identified at lower reporting sensitivity such as small ruminant's herds, mixed bovine herds and backyard herds. Despite its limitations this training exercise provided an effective framework (a) to develop capacities of the veterinary services in the region and (b) to supply initial evidence for guiding further interventions targeting those sectors and stakeholders at lower reporting sensitivity to reduce risks of disease introduction.

Physical Activity Modulates the Overexpression of the Inflammatory miR-146a-5p in Obese Patients.

Specific microRNAs (miRs), including the "angio-miR-126" and the "inflamma-miR-146a-5p," have been proposed as biomarkers and even therapeutic targets of obesity-associated metabolic diseases. Physical activity, a key measure of prevention for obesity and its complications, is reported to influence the expression of these miRs. In this study, we investigate whether a physical activity program proven to improve metabolic parameters in obese patients can correct the circulating levels of these miRs. Plasma miR-126 and miR-146a-5p were measured in a cohort of obese patients (n = 31, 16F + 15M) before and after the 3-month physical activity program of the CURIAMO trial (registration number for clinical trials: ACTRN12611000255987) and in 37 lean controls (24F + 13M). miR-146a-5p, but not miR-126, was significantly increased in obese patients as compared with lean controls and decreased in approximately two-thirds of the participants post-intervention with a response that positively correlated with pre-intervention levels of this miR. Waist circumference, the inflammatory cytokine IL-8 and lipid parameters, principally total cholesterol, showed the strongest correlation with both the baseline levels and post-intervention correction of miR-146a-5p. Post-hoc analysis of experimental data supports the use of miR-146a-5p as a biomarker and predictor of the clinical response to physical activity in obese patients. Furthermore, miR-146a-5p expression was confirmed to increase together with that of the inflammatory genes TLR4, NF-κB, IL-6, and TNF-α in LPS-stimulated human mononuclear leukocytes. In conclusion, the inflamma-miR-146a-5p can serve as a personalized predictor of clinical outcome in obese patients entering physical activity weight-reduction programs. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 70(10):1012-1022, 2018.

Effects of nurse-led lower extremity strength training on knee function recovery in patients who underwent total knee replacement.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To examine the effects of lower extremity muscle strength training on knee function recovery and quality of life in patients who underwent total knee replacement. BACKGROUND: Patients with knee osteoarthritis after surgery experience decreased knee function that impacts their quality of life. However, patients typically lack a long-term, home-based and continuous leg exercise training method and rarely have studies explored the effects of exercise training on knee function recovery and quality of life. DESIGN: A experimental and longitudinal study design. METHODS: The simple randomised sampling (based on patients' admission priority order) was used to collect participant data. Outcome measurements included the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score. Participants were randomised to receive and starting lower extremity muscle strength training before surgery (training group, n = 100) or to receive usual care (nontraining group, n = 100). Data were collected and followed up with the patients before surgery (T1) and at 2 weeks (T2), 1 month (T3), 2 months (T4) and 3 months (T5) after discharge. RESULTS: The Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score subscale scores showed that both groups of patients experienced knee function and quality of life decreases 2 weeks after total knee replacement, but all subscale scores gradually increased from the first month to the third month after total knee replacement. Both groups and times were significantly different, but the training group's knee function and quality of life recovered earlier and better than the nontraining group does. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirmed that lower extremity muscle strength training helps to improve quality of life and knee function in patients who undergo total knee replacement. Healthcare staff should include this training in presurgical nursing care and in patients' discharge plans as a continuous, daily rehabilitation activity at home. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: When patients are diagnosed with knee osteoarthritis and undergo surgery, a presurgical exercise education and discussion of knee function rehabilitation should be part of standard care.