Promoting the process of determining brain death through standardized training.

Objective: This study aims to explore the training mode for brain death determination to ensure the quality of subsequent brain death determination. Methods: A four-skill and four-step (FFT) training model was adopted, which included a clinical neurological examination, an electroencephalogram (EEG) examination, a short-latency somatosensory evoked potential (SLSEP) examination, and a transcranial Doppler (TCD) examination. Each skill is divided into four steps: multimedia theory teaching, bedside demonstration, one-on-one real or dummy simulation training, and assessment. The authors analyzed the training results of 1,577 professional and technical personnel who participated in the FFT training model from 2013 to 2020 (25 sessions), including error rate analysis of the written examination, knowledge gap analysis, and influencing factors analysis. Results: The total error rates for all four written examination topics were < 5%, at 4.13% for SLSEP, 4.11% for EEG, 3.71% for TCD, and 3.65% for clinical evaluation. The knowledge gap analysis of the four-skill test papers suggested that the trainees had different knowledge gaps. Based on the univariate analysis and the multiple linear regression analysis, among the six factors, specialty categories, professional and technical titles, and hospital level were the independent influencing factors of answer errors (p < 0.01). Conclusion: The FFT model is suitable for brain death (BD) determination training in China; however, the authors should pay attention to the professional characteristics of participants, strengthen the knowledge gap training, and strive to narrow the difference in training quality.

[Integration of "tri-bio, tri-chain and tri-creation" innovation and entrepreneurship education into talent training program].

Under the background of the "era of mass innovation", there are challenges in the training of biotechnology professionals, including a "backward concept of innovation and entrepreneurship education", a "singular education method of innovation and entrepreneurship", and a "limited practice platform of innovation and entrepreneurship". These challenges require the implementation of a new training model. In comparison to the talent training objectives of new engineering construction, the College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering at Zhejiang University of Technology has been exploring and practicing the training mode "tri-bio, tri-chain and tri-creation " for 42 years. The research has established a new platform and paradigm for training exceptional engineering innovation and entrepreneurship talents. It also offers valuable references and insights for the reform of training methods for biotechnology professionals by optimizing the education concept of "biology, life and live ", enriching the education method of "knowledge chain, scientific research chain and industrial chain", and building the three-creation technology practice platform based on "creativity, innovation and entrepreneurship".

[Exploring the innovative talents training mode in new era].

Innovation is an important way to promote economic development and social progress. Recent years have seen rapid development of biological sciences. In response to social demands and the needs for developing an innovative country, fostering innovative talents in the field of biosciences has become a significant initiative supported by national policies and the needs from talent market. Taking the innovative talent training mode implemented by Zhejiang Normal University in the field of biological sciences as an example, this paper comprehensively introduces several key aspects of the mode. This includes establishing a mentorship system as the foundation, carrying out curriculum reform through project competitions and practical platforms, and promoting synergy among industry, academia, and research in talent training. This training mode has achieved positive results in practice, promoting the training of outstanding innovative talents in biological science majors, and may facilitate the reform of talent training in similar majors.

Exploring the innovative talents training mode in new era / 生物工程学报

Innovation is an important way to promote economic development and social progress. Recent years have seen rapid development of biological sciences. In response to social demands and the needs for developing an innovative country, fostering innovative talents in the field of biosciences has become a significant initiative supported by national policies and the needs from talent market. Taking the innovative talent training mode implemented by Zhejiang Normal University in the field of biological sciences as an example, this paper comprehensively introduces several key aspects of the mode. This includes establishing a mentorship system as the foundation, carrying out curriculum reform through project competitions and practical platforms, and promoting synergy among industry, academia, and research in talent training. This training mode has achieved positive results in practice, promoting the training of outstanding innovative talents in biological science majors, and may facilitate the reform of talent training in similar majors.

Effect of altitude training on the aerobic capacity of athletes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: With a growing number of athletes and coaches adopting altitude training, the importance for rationalizing and optimizing such training has been emphasized. We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the influence of altitude training on athletes' aerobic capacity and to explore the best altitude training method to improve this capacity. Methods: We searched Web of Science, SpringerLink, Science Direct, EBSCO, and PubMed databases combined with manual search of the references to collect studies indexed from 1979 to September 2020 on the effect of altitude training on athletes' aerobic capacity. Data from experimental studies that reported hemoglobin levels and maximum oxygen uptake in athletes before and after altitude training, or in athletes performing altitude training in comparison with a control group were analyzed. Data of the populations, intervention, comparison, outcomes and study design were extracted. Review Manager software 5.3 was used for bias evaluation. Results: 17 publications were included. In our meta-analysis, altitude training led to higher maximum oxygen uptake [standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.35-1.00, P < 0.001] and hemoglobin level (SMD = 0.50, 95% CI 0.11-0.90, P = 0.013) than training at lower altitude. The result of sensitivity analysis showed that results of meta-analysis were relatively stable, and there was no bias or change in the result of effect size according to the bias test. The results of subgroup analysis showed that high-altitude living and low-altitude training ("Hi-Lo" regime), with a training cycle of about three weeks at an altitude around 2500 m, had better effects than other regimes on the athletes' aerobic capacity. Conclusions: Altitude training can improve athletes' aerobic capacity in terms of maximum oxygen uptake and hemoglobin level. Our results are limited by the number and quality of available studies. Therefore, more high-quality studies are needed to verify and extend these findings. Our study can provide scientific suggestions for the training of athletes.

Exploration and Practice of the "One Combination, Two Highlights, Three Combinations, Four in One" Innovative Talents Training Mode in Forensic Medicine.

Talent is one of the basic and strategic supports for building a modern socialist country in all aspects. Since the 1980s, the establishment of forensic medicine major and the cultivation of innovative talents in forensic medicine have become hot topics in higher education in forensic medicine. Over the past 43 years, the forensic medicine team of Shanxi Medical University has adhered to the joint education of public security and colleges, and made collaborative innovation, forming a training mode of "One Combination, Two Highlights, Three Combinations, Four in One" for innovative talents in forensic medicine. It has carried out "5+3/X" integrated reform, and formed a relatively complete talent training innovation mode and management system in teaching, scientific research, identification, major, discipline, team, platform and cultural construction. It has made a historic contribution to China's higher forensic education, accumulated valuable experience for the construction of first-class major and first-class discipline of forensic medicine, and provided strong support for the construction of the national new forensic talent training system. The popularization of this training mode is conducive to the rapid and sustainable development of forensic science, and provides more excellent forensic talents for national building, regional social development and the discipline construction of forensic science.

Investigation of a Mask Fitness Test Based on Self-Efficacy and Diversified Training in the Assessment System for Nosocomial Infection Training.

Objective: To explore a mask fitness test based on self-efficacy and diversified training in the assessment system for nosocomial infection training. Methods: From March 15 to April 5, 2022, 442 staff members (272 male and 170 female) of the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen who planned to enter the quarantine ward for secondary protection skill training assessment were selected. They comprised 56 doctors, 31 medical technicians, 72 nurses, and 283 property logistics staff. During the mask fitness test, a diversified training model based on self-efficacy was adopted to observe the passing status, the identification and selection of mask models, the method of mask-wearing, the fit between the mask and the face, and the changes in self-efficacy. Results: In the assessment system for nosocomial infection training, the passing rate of the mask fitness test was correlated with the identification and selection of mask models, the method of wearing masks, the fit between the mask and the face, and the diversified training, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The difference in the self-efficacy in the test takers between those before and after the mask fitness test was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: In the assessment system for nosocomial infection training, the mask fitness test based on self-efficacy and diversified training might improve the passing rate, the rate of correct mask model identification and selection, the rate of correct mask-wearing, and the degree of facial fit, thus to enhance the awareness of protection and improve self-efficacy.

Comparative analysis of Master of Public Health education between China and the UK / 中华医学教育探索杂志

The Master of Public Health (MPH) is one of the internationally recognized ways of training professionals in the medical and health field. With the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic, the need for talents who can serve the national public health emergency management system has accelerated. This article makes the comparison of public health education in China and the UK, starting from the reasons and advantages of medical education in two countries, selecting several universities with high rankings in public health in China and the UK as the research objects, collecting and summarizing their programme descriptions, from the enrollment mode, training objectives, cultivation mode and degree types, curriculum settings, etc., in the MPH programme descriptions in order to find the advantages of MPH education in the UK, which can be used for reference in the education and training of public health talents in China, and is of great significance for the improvement and optimization of MPH education in China.

Exploration and practice of clinical engineer training mode / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To explore the training mode of continuing education for clinical engineers, and provide reference for the training of clinical engineers.Methods:A total of 31 clinical engineers were selected as the two-stage training mode combined with short-term centralized intensive basic training and standardized post professional training. Comparative analysis of assessment scores before and after training was performed, and the satisfaction of comprehensive effect and post competency improvement after training was evaluated. SPSS 19.0 was used for t-test. Results:The assessment scores after training (85.06±7.31) were significantly higher than those before (69.55±6.74) training ( P = 0.001). The comprehensive training effect of clinical engineers and the satisfaction rate of post competency improvement reached a high level, which were 70.97% (22/31) and 83.87% (26/31), respectively. Conclusion:The two-stage training mode combined with short-term centralized basic intensive training and standardized post professional training can not only effectively improve the theoretical knowledge level, practical ability and post competency of clinical engineers, but also shorten the centralized training time, which is conducive to solving the practical problems that affect the continuing education training program due to the lack of human resources of clinical engineers.

The practice of cultivating gastroenterological postgraduates based on the innovation of "dual synergy ability" / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Under the background of "Medical Education Synergy", the clinical practice ability of postgraduates has been significantly improved, and the post competency has been enhanced. However, the "cultivation goal orientation" focuses on clinical practice, the education management department has weakened the cultivation of scientific research literacy, and the postgraduate tutors have not paid enough attention. As a result, the cultivation of scientific research literacy of professional degree postgraduates is seriously affected, and their scientific research ability is obviously weak. Taking gastroenterology as an example, by optimizing the course setting and rotation plan arrangement, attaching importance to the management of the graduate management department and the tutor responsibility system, and strengthening the application of interdisciplinary in the innovation and development of disciplines, we have explored an educational plan for cultivating professional degree postgraduates. The clinical practice and clinical research capabilities of postgraduates majoring in gastroenterology have been synergistically developed with remarkable results.

Exploration and Practice of the "One Combination, Two Highlights, Three Combinations, Four in One" Innovative Talents Training Mode in Forensic Medicine / 法医学杂志

Talent is one of the basic and strategic supports for building a modern socialist country in all aspects. Since the 1980s, the establishment of forensic medicine major and the cultivation of innovative talents in forensic medicine have become hot topics in higher education in forensic medicine. Over the past 43 years, the forensic medicine team of Shanxi Medical University has adhered to the joint education of public security and colleges, and made collaborative innovation, forming a training mode of "One Combination, Two Highlights, Three Combinations, Four in One" for innovative talents in forensic medicine. It has carried out "5+3/X" integrated reform, and formed a relatively complete talent training innovation mode and management system in teaching, scientific research, identification, major, discipline, team, platform and cultural construction. It has made a historic contribution to China's higher forensic education, accumulated valuable experience for the construction of first-class major and first-class discipline of forensic medicine, and provided strong support for the construction of the national new forensic talent training system. The popularization of this training mode is conducive to the rapid and sustainable development of forensic science, and provides more excellent forensic talents for national building, regional social development and the discipline construction of forensic science.

[Graduate training mode of acupuncture-moxibustion and tuina based on "three crosses and two integrations": a preliminary study].

In view of the core tasks and weak links in the training of medical graduate in the new era, based on the characteristics and development needs of the discipline, a new "three crosses and two integrations" graduate training mode of acupuncture-moxibustion and tuina is proposed, with "equal emphasis on inheritance and innovation, theory and practice" as the core, with "curriculum cross" as the basis, with "academic cross" as the connotation, and with "discipline cross" as the pathway. This new training mode focuses on the comprehensive cultivation of graduates' comprehensive abilities, aiming to achieve the training goal of "strong inheritance ability, excellent innovation ability, good practical ability and broad international perspective".

sEMG-Based Gain-Tuned Compliance Control for the Lower Limb Rehabilitation Robot during Passive Training.

The lower limb rehabilitation robot is a typical man-machine coupling system. Aiming at the problems of insufficient physiological information and unsatisfactory safety performance in the compliance control strategy for the lower limb rehabilitation robot during passive training, this study developed a surface electromyography-based gain-tuned compliance control (EGCC) strategy for the lower limb rehabilitation robot. First, the mapping function relationship between the normalized surface electromyography (sEMG) signal and the gain parameter was established and an overall EGCC strategy proposed. Next, the EGCC strategy without sEMG information was simulated and analyzed. The effects of the impedance control parameters on the position correction amount were studied, and the change rules of the robot end trajectory, man-machine contact force, and position correction amount analyzed in different training modes. Then, the sEMG signal acquisition and feature analysis of target muscle groups under different training modes were carried out. Finally, based on the lower limb rehabilitation robot control system, the influence of normalized sEMG threshold on the robot end trajectory and gain parameters under different training modes was experimentally studied. The simulation and experimental results show that the adoption of the EGCC strategy can significantly enhance the compliance of the robot end-effector by detecting the sEMG signal and improve the safety of the robot in different training modes, indicating the EGCC strategy has good application prospects in the rehabilitation robot field.

[Exploration of the talent training mode of biology majors driven by high-quality employments in higher education--a case study of Huzhou University].

In recent years, driven by the support of national policies and societal needs for employments, talents in biology majors have been growing rapidly. To foster high-calibre biology talents for the society in the context of the "double world-class initiative" in higher education, this study analyzed the opinion of biology undergraduates in Huzhou University on employment and their professional recognition of biology majors. The aim of this study was to propose a high-quality employments-driven talent training mode for undergraduates in biology majors, so as to serve as a reference for the reform in training modes of other relevant majors.

Exploration on the model of student standardized patient training in China / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Student standardized patient refers to that students are trained to become standardized patients, and then they are applied to clinical teaching or examinations. The training of student standardized patients in China started late, but the development is relatively balanced and rapidly in recent years. Although an outline-style standardized teaching model has not yet been formed, the basic training framework of "basic training-case-specific training-training assessment" tends to be consistent, and different universities have certain specific innovations. The review combs the literature on the current training mode of student standardized patients in China, summarizes the innovations in four aspects: training population, training mode, training purpose and application method, then makes the conclusion about the objective problems and subjective difficulties faced by the current training, and proposes corresponding countermeasures and prospects.

Study on the value of CDIO combined with cluster training mode in clinical teaching of cardiopulmonary resuscitation / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To explore the value of "conceive, design, implement, and operation" (CDIO) combined with cluster training mode in clinical teaching of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).Methods:A total of 108 interns of General Hospital of Southern Theater Command from January 2019 to November 2020 were included in the study, and they were randomly divided into control group ( n=54) and observation group ( n=54). The control group used the cluster training mode for CPR teaching, and the observation group used CDIO combined with the cluster training mode for CPR teaching. The theoretical performance, operation performance, comprehensive ability, chest compression quality and CPR time of the two groups of interns were compared, and the scores of post competency and satisfaction of the two groups of interns were evaluated. SPSS 22.0 was used for t test and chi-square test. Results:The scores of theory, operation and comprehensive ability in the observation group were higher than those in the control group. Compared with those before training, the compression depth, compression frequency and chest rebound rate of the observation group were higher than those of the control group. The observation group found that the patients' unconscious judgment of pulse free time, the time from the occurrence of ventricular fibrillation to the start of automated external defibrillator (AED), and the time to complete AED were lower than those in the control group. The five dimensions of practical ability, critical thinking ability, coordination ability, career development ability, psychological characteristics and the total score of post competency in the observation group were higher than those in the control group ( P < 0.05). The satisfaction of the observation group with the teaching teacher, practice content, practice form and practice effect was higher than that of the control group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The application of CDIO combined with cluster training in clinical CPR teaching can improve the interns' theoretical performance, operational performance and comprehensive ability, improve the quality of external chest compression and CPR time, make the interns have good communication ability and post competency, and finally improve the interns' satisfaction.

Exploration and application of medical students' information literacy mode based on the combination of creation and competition / 中华医学教育探索杂志

On the basis of literature review, project practice and teacher guidance, this paper introduces information literacy and medical students' information literacy, expounds the significance of "five forces" in the cultivation of medical students' information literacy, explores and constructs the cultivation mode of medical students' information literacy with the combination of innovation and competition, including the cultivation of "combination of innovation and competition", "four-members cooperation" and "five-dimensional development". The practice shows that the application of the model can enrich the information literacy education system of medical colleges and improve the information literacy level of medical students, so as to achieve the significance of "five forces" in the cultivation of medical students' information literacy.

On the reform of the personnel training mode of forensic medical undergraduates / 中华医学教育探索杂志

There are many problems in the training mode of traditional forensic undergraduates, such as the lag of curriculum setting, the lack of interdisciplinary and the lack of practical training. Based on the teaching practice of forensic undergraduates in Central South University, this study puts forward the following four reform schemes: ①advancing the setting of forensic medicine curriculum to strengthen the integration of specialized courses with basic medicine and clinical medicine courses; ②increasing related courses to intensify interdisciplinary teaching; ③introducing online teaching mode of virtual simulation to enrich the content of undergraduate forensic medical education; ④expanding the scope of joint classroom teaching inside and outside the school to realize the two-way rapid update of practical and theoretical resources. The purpose of this paper is to provide new ideas and directions for training forensic talents who are more suitable for the development of the times.

Exploration of the talent training mode of biology majors driven by high-quality employments in higher education--a case study of Huzhou University / 生物工程学报

In recent years, driven by the support of national policies and societal needs for employments, talents in biology majors have been growing rapidly. To foster high-calibre biology talents for the society in the context of the "double world-class initiative" in higher education, this study analyzed the opinion of biology undergraduates in Huzhou University on employment and their professional recognition of biology majors. The aim of this study was to propose a high-quality employments-driven talent training mode for undergraduates in biology majors, so as to serve as a reference for the reform in training modes of other relevant majors.

Factors Influencing Residents' Psychological Status During Standardized Training in COVID-19.

Objectives: To explore the influencing factors of residents' psychological status during standardized training in COVID-19 for finding ways to promote their mental health. Methods: A total of 760 residents were surveyed with a structured questionnaire. Correlation analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of psychological status of the residents, and a mediation model was constructed to verify the mediating role of satisfaction. Results: Age, willingness to study medicine, and satisfaction were positively correlated with negative psychological status (P < 0.05). And gender, only child or not, and annual household income (RMB) were negatively correlated with negative psychological status (P < 0.01). Residents' satisfaction with standardized training mode plays a complete mediating role between annual household income and negative psychological status. Conclusions: Our findings emphasize the importance of concentrating on resident's psychological status and family economic situation. And relative departments should take action to optimize the standardized training mode to improve the satisfaction.