Carcinoma de células escamosas vaginal em uma vaca Nelore / Vaginal squamous cell carcinoma in a Nelore cow

Background: Skin tumors are the most common neoplasia in veterinary medicine and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)is the most frequent. In cattle, it is the main tumor besides linfosarcoma and normally affects taurine cattle, but is rarein Nelore cattle. SCC mainly affects mucocutaneous junctions such as the eyelids, sclera, vulva, and perineum, and hasalready been described in vagina, eye, and periocular tissues, in addition to the superior digestive tract. The purpose ofthis paper is to describe a vaginal squamous cell carcinoma in a Nelore cow.Case: A 10-year-old Nelore cow, used as an embryo donor, was submitted to a necropsy procedure. Clinically, the animalhad prolonged recumbency, anorexia, weight loss, and vaginal discharge. There was a history of recurrent vaginal prolapses and an intraluminal vaginal mass that had grown over two years. At necropsy, there was diffuse fibrinous peritonitiswith marked intestinal adhesions; the vagina was markedly expanded and measured 40 × 20 cm due to the presence of anintraluminal mass occupying the vestibulum and extending up to the cervix. In the vaginal lumen, there was large amountof fibrinonecrotizing malodorous material; the vaginal wall was thickened by an unencapsulated and poorly delimited,firm and white mass composed of sheets and nests of epithelial cells from the squamous layer surrounded by abundantfibrovascular stroma. The neoplastic cells were polygonal with marked pleomorphism, anisokaryosis, and anisocytosis;abundant eosinophilic and well-defined cytoplasmic borders. Sometimes it was possible to see desmosomes. The nucleiwere rounded to oval with sparse chromatin and one or more nucleoli were seen. Mitotic figures were frequent (at least3 per higher power field) and there were also a few multinucleated cells. Frequently, there was the formation of distinctkeratin “pearls”.Discussion: SCC frequently occurs in the skin...(AU)

Carcinoma de células escamosas vaginal em uma vaca Nelore / Vaginal squamous cell carcinoma in a Nelore cow

Background: Skin tumors are the most common neoplasia in veterinary medicine and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)is the most frequent. In cattle, it is the main tumor besides linfosarcoma and normally affects taurine cattle, but is rarein Nelore cattle. SCC mainly affects mucocutaneous junctions such as the eyelids, sclera, vulva, and perineum, and hasalready been described in vagina, eye, and periocular tissues, in addition to the superior digestive tract. The purpose ofthis paper is to describe a vaginal squamous cell carcinoma in a Nelore cow.Case: A 10-year-old Nelore cow, used as an embryo donor, was submitted to a necropsy procedure. Clinically, the animalhad prolonged recumbency, anorexia, weight loss, and vaginal discharge. There was a history of recurrent vaginal prolapses and an intraluminal vaginal mass that had grown over two years. At necropsy, there was diffuse fibrinous peritonitiswith marked intestinal adhesions; the vagina was markedly expanded and measured 40 × 20 cm due to the presence of anintraluminal mass occupying the vestibulum and extending up to the cervix. In the vaginal lumen, there was large amountof fibrinonecrotizing malodorous material; the vaginal wall was thickened by an unencapsulated and poorly delimited,firm and white mass composed of sheets and nests of epithelial cells from the squamous layer surrounded by abundantfibrovascular stroma. The neoplastic cells were polygonal with marked pleomorphism, anisokaryosis, and anisocytosis;abundant eosinophilic and well-defined cytoplasmic borders. Sometimes it was possible to see desmosomes. The nucleiwere rounded to oval with sparse chromatin and one or more nucleoli were seen. Mitotic figures were frequent (at least3 per higher power field) and there were also a few multinucleated cells. Frequently, there was the formation of distinctkeratin “pearls”.Discussion: SCC frequently occurs in the skin...

Desempenho reprodutivo de novilhas acasaladas aos 14 e 27 meses de idade submetidas a diferentes protocolos para a inseminação artificial / Reproductive performance of beef cattle heifers mated to 14 or 27 months of age subject to different protocols for artificial insemination

Avaliaram-se os efeitos de diferentes protocolos de inseminação sobre o desempenho reprodutivo em 249 novilhas Britânicas e cruzas, acasaladas aos 14 e 27 meses de idade. Sessenta e duas novilhas de 27 meses foram submetidas à IATF após o tratamento OvSynch; 61 novilhas de 27 meses e 32 novilhas de 14 meses foram submetidas à IATF após o tratamento Crestar; 62 novilhas de 27 meses e 32 novilhas de 14 meses foram submetidas à inseminação artificial (IA) após detecção de estros por 7 dias, no 7º dia foi aplicado PGF2a nos animais não observados em estro postergando-se IA por mais 5 dias (grupo PGF2a). Foram avaliados o peso vivo (PIA), o escore de condição corporal (ECC), o escore de trato reprodutivo (ETR) ao início da estação reprodutiva, a taxa de concepção e a taxa de prenhez à IATF, a taxa de prenhez ao término da estação. Os tratamentos OvSynch e Crestar tiveram 100% dos animais inseminados (IATF), enquanto os grupos PGF2a-14 meses e PGF2a-27 meses tiveram, respectivamente apenas 21,9% e 43,5% dos animais inseminados, devido à ausência ou falhas na identificação de cio. Não houve diferença nas taxas de concepção entre tratamentos hormonais e idades (P>0,05), com valores respectivos de 46,5%, 56,3%, 64,7% para os tratamentos Crestar, OvSynch, PGF2a e de 44,4% e 57,1%, para as idades 14 e 27 meses. A taxa de prenhez à IA (TF) foi de 46,5%, 56,3%, 23,4% para os tratamentos Crestar, OvSynch, PGF2a, com superioridade significativa (P<0,05) a favor dos grupos Crestar e OvSynch. A taxa de prenhez à IA (TF) foi de 18,6% e 41,3% (P<0,01) para as idades 14 e 27 meses. A taxa de prenhez final, após o repasse com touros foi respectivamente de 93,0%, 96,9%, 90,4% para os tratamentos Crestar, OvSynch, PGF2a e de 97,7% e 90,5%, para as idades 14 e 27 meses, sem diferença significativa. O ETR influenciou a taxa de prenhez após a inseminação, respectivamente de 0%, 25,6% e 48,8% para os ETR 1, 2 e 3. Os tratamentos hormonais para a IATF resultaram em maior taxa de prenhez...

The effects of three insemination protocols were evaluated on the reproductive performance in 249 British and crosses beef heifers, mated to the 14 or 27 months of age. Sixty two heifers with 27 months were submitted to FTAI after the treatment OvSynch; 61 heifers with 27 months and 32 heifers with 14 months were submitted to FTAI after the treatment to Crestar; 62 heifers with 27 months and 32 heifers with 14 months were submitted to the artificial insemination (AI) after oestrus detection for 7 days, in the 7th day PGF2a was applied in the animals without oestrus observed being postponed AI during more 5 days (PGF2a group). The live weight and body condition score (BCS), the reproductive tract score (RTS) to the beginning of mating season, the conception and the pregnancy to FTAI and the pregnancy to the end of the mating season were evaluated. The treatments OvSynch and Crestar had 100% of the inseminated animals (FTAI), while the groups PGF2a-14 months and PGF2a-27 months had respectively, only 21.9% and 43.5% of the inseminated animals, due to the absence or fails in the oestrus identification. There was no difference in the conception rates between hormonal treatments and ages (P>0.05), with respective values of 46.5%, 56.3%, 64.7% for the treatments Crestar, OvSynch, PGF2a and of 44.4% and 57.1%, for the ages 14 and 27 months. The pregnancy rate to FTAI/AI it was of 46.5%, 56.3%, 23.4% for the treatments to Crestar, OvSynch, PGF2a, with significant superiority (P<0.05) in favor of the groups Crestar and OvSynch. The pregnancy rate to AI (FTAI) it was of 18.6% and 41.3% (P <0,01) for the ages 14 and 27 months. The final pregnancy rate, after clean-up bulls was respectively of 93.0%, 96.9%, 90.4% for the treatments to Crestar, OvSynch, PGF2a and of 97.7% and 90.5%, for the ages 14 and 27 months, without significant difference. RTS influenced the pregnancy rate after the insemination, respectively of 0%, 25,6% and 48,8% for RTS 1, 2 and 3. The hormonal...

Desempenho reprodutivo de novilhas acasaladas aos 14 e 27 meses de idade submetidas a diferentes protocolos para a inseminação artificial / Reproductive performance of beef cattle heifers mated to 14 or 27 months of age subject to different protocols for artificial insemination

Avaliaram-se os efeitos de diferentes protocolos de inseminação sobre o desempenho reprodutivo em 249 novilhas Britânicas e cruzas, acasaladas aos 14 e 27 meses de idade. Sessenta e duas novilhas de 27 meses foram submetidas à IATF após o tratamento OvSynch; 61 novilhas de 27 meses e 32 novilhas de 14 meses foram submetidas à IATF após o tratamento Crestar; 62 novilhas de 27 meses e 32 novilhas de 14 meses foram submetidas à inseminação artificial (IA) após detecção de estros por 7 dias, no 7º dia foi aplicado PGF2a nos animais não observados em estro postergando-se IA por mais 5 dias (grupo PGF2a). Foram avaliados o peso vivo (PIA), o escore de condição corporal (ECC), o escore de trato reprodutivo (ETR) ao início da estação reprodutiva, a taxa de concepção e a taxa de prenhez à IATF, a taxa de prenhez ao término da estação. Os tratamentos OvSynch e Crestar tiveram 100% dos animais inseminados (IATF), enquanto os grupos PGF2a-14 meses e PGF2a-27 meses tiveram, respectivamente apenas 21,9% e 43,5% dos animais inseminados, devido à ausência ou falhas na identificação de cio. Não houve diferença nas taxas de concepção entre tratamentos hormonais e idades (P>0,05), com valores respectivos de 46,5%, 56,3%, 64,7% para os tratamentos Crestar, OvSynch, PGF2a e de 44,4% e 57,1%, para as idades 14 e 27 meses. A taxa de prenhez à IA (TF) foi de 46,5%, 56,3%, 23,4% para os tratamentos Crestar, OvSynch, PGF2a, com superioridade significativa (P<0,05) a favor dos grupos Crestar e OvSynch. A taxa de prenhez à IA (TF) foi de 18,6% e 41,3% (P<0,01) para as idades 14 e 27 meses. A taxa de prenhez final, após o repasse com touros foi respectivamente de 93,0%, 96,9%, 90,4% para os tratamentos Crestar, OvSynch, PGF2a e de 97,7% e 90,5%, para as idades 14 e 27 meses, sem diferença significativa. O ETR influenciou a taxa de prenhez após a inseminação, respectivamente de 0%, 25,6% e 48,8% para os ETR 1, 2 e 3. Os tratamentos hormonais para a IATF resultaram em maior taxa de prenhez...(AU)

The effects of three insemination protocols were evaluated on the reproductive performance in 249 British and crosses beef heifers, mated to the 14 or 27 months of age. Sixty two heifers with 27 months were submitted to FTAI after the treatment OvSynch; 61 heifers with 27 months and 32 heifers with 14 months were submitted to FTAI after the treatment to Crestar; 62 heifers with 27 months and 32 heifers with 14 months were submitted to the artificial insemination (AI) after oestrus detection for 7 days, in the 7th day PGF2a was applied in the animals without oestrus observed being postponed AI during more 5 days (PGF2a group). The live weight and body condition score (BCS), the reproductive tract score (RTS) to the beginning of mating season, the conception and the pregnancy to FTAI and the pregnancy to the end of the mating season were evaluated. The treatments OvSynch and Crestar had 100% of the inseminated animals (FTAI), while the groups PGF2a-14 months and PGF2a-27 months had respectively, only 21.9% and 43.5% of the inseminated animals, due to the absence or fails in the oestrus identification. There was no difference in the conception rates between hormonal treatments and ages (P>0.05), with respective values of 46.5%, 56.3%, 64.7% for the treatments Crestar, OvSynch, PGF2a and of 44.4% and 57.1%, for the ages 14 and 27 months. The pregnancy rate to FTAI/AI it was of 46.5%, 56.3%, 23.4% for the treatments to Crestar, OvSynch, PGF2a, with significant superiority (P<0.05) in favor of the groups Crestar and OvSynch. The pregnancy rate to AI (FTAI) it was of 18.6% and 41.3% (P <0,01) for the ages 14 and 27 months. The final pregnancy rate, after clean-up bulls was respectively of 93.0%, 96.9%, 90.4% for the treatments to Crestar, OvSynch, PGF2a and of 97.7% and 90.5%, for the ages 14 and 27 months, without significant difference. RTS influenced the pregnancy rate after the insemination, respectively of 0%, 25,6% and 48,8% for RTS 1, 2 and 3. The hormonal...(AU)

Bacteriological, cytological and histopathological evaluation of the reproductive tract of slaughtered cows / Avaliação bacteriológica, citológica e histopatológica do trato reprodutivo de vacas abatidas

Reproductive diseases, mainly endometritis, are important hurdles in cattle raising, In the current study we evaluated gross, bacteriological, cytological, and histological findings from selected sites of the genital from 23 slaughtered cows and tested whether there is an association between these findings and the probability of reaching a reliable diagnosis. The results from the examinations of macroscopic aspects of uterine secretions, the cytological, bacteriological, and histopathological findings were then correlated. There was no significant correlation (P>0.05) of the statistical data from different parts of the genital tract. Trueperella pyogenes and Escherichia coli were isolated from the vagina in 3/23 cases. In only 2/23 samples Enterococcus faecalis and a gram-negative, oxidase-positive bacteria were isolated from the cervix uteri. Only Staphylococcus epidermidis, in 1/23 case, was isolated from the uterus. Histopathological findings in uterus from samples of Groups II (moderate lesions) and III (severe lesions) did not translated in grossly visible changes. Samples from reproductive tracts with secretion in the vagina and cervix uteri had no detectable changes in the other parameters analyzed from this portion. Uterus with positive bacterial culture had evidence of ascendant inflammation judging by the high granulocyte count in the three analyzed portions. This study reinforces that vaginitis and cervicitis in the cow diagnosed only by clinical examination does not reflect the real status of the uterine health. For this reason, treatment of uterine disorders should be conducted based on reliable tests to determine the appropriate therapy for each situation.(AU)

Doenças reprodutivas causam altas perdas econômicas nos rebanhos bovinos, sendo a endometrite uma das alterações mais relevantes. Os objetivos desta pesquisa foram avaliar a associação dos achados fisiopatológicos em exames macroscópicos, bacteriológicos, citológicos e histopatológicos nas porções do trato genital de 23 vacas abatidas, bem como avaliar a necessidade de associação destes exames para efetuar diagnóstico fidedigno. A avaliação macroscópica da secreção, os exames histopatológico, citológico e as bactérias identificadas foram correlacionados. Não houve associação (P>0,05) dos resultados nas diferentes porções do trato genital. Na vagina foram isoladas as bactérias Trueperella pyogenes e Escherichia coli. Na cérvix, em apenas 2/23 (8,6%) amostras isolou-se Enterococcus faecalis e gram negativo oxidase positiva. No útero houve isolamento apenas da bactéria Staphylococcus epidermidis. As amostras histopatológicas classificadas em grupo II e III não apresentaram alterações detectadas no exame macroscópico. As amostras com secreção não fisiológica na vagina e cérvix não apresentaram alterações nos outros exames na porção uterina. A amostra com cultura bacteriológica positiva no útero demonstrou uma infecção ascendente através da alta contagem de granulócitos nas três porções analisadas. O presente estudo reforça o conceito de que a vaginite e cervicite diagnosticadas pelo exame clinico na vaca não retratam o real status da saúde uterina e por esta razão, o tratamento do útero deve ser conduzido com critério, alicerçado nos exames complementares para definir a terapia adequada para cada situação.(AU)

Bacteriological, cytological and histopathological evaluation of the reproductive tract of slaughtered cows / Avaliação bacteriológica, citológica e histopatológica do trato reprodutivo de vacas abatidas

Reproductive diseases, mainly endometritis, are important hurdles in cattle raising, In the current study we evaluated gross, bacteriological, cytological, and histological findings from selected sites of the genital from 23 slaughtered cows and tested whether there is an association between these findings and the probability of reaching a reliable diagnosis. The results from the examinations of macroscopic aspects of uterine secretions, the cytological, bacteriological, and histopathological findings were then correlated. There was no significant correlation (P>0.05) of the statistical data from different parts of the genital tract. Trueperella pyogenes and Escherichia coli were isolated from the vagina in 3/23 cases. In only 2/23 samples Enterococcus faecalis and a gram-negative, oxidase-positive bacteria were isolated from the cervix uteri. Only Staphylococcus epidermidis, in 1/23 case, was isolated from the uterus. Histopathological findings in uterus from samples of Groups II (moderate lesions) and III (severe lesions) did not translated in grossly visible changes. Samples from reproductive tracts with secretion in the vagina and cervix uteri had no detectable changes in the other parameters analyzed from this portion. Uterus with positive bacterial culture had evidence of ascendant inflammation judging by the high granulocyte count in the three analyzed portions. This study reinforces that vaginitis and cervicitis in the cow diagnosed only by clinical examination does not reflect the real status of the uterine health. For this reason, treatment of uterine disorders should be conducted based on reliable tests to determine the appropriate therapy for each situation.(AU)

Doenças reprodutivas causam altas perdas econômicas nos rebanhos bovinos, sendo a endometrite uma das alterações mais relevantes. Os objetivos desta pesquisa foram avaliar a associação dos achados fisiopatológicos em exames macroscópicos, bacteriológicos, citológicos e histopatológicos nas porções do trato genital de 23 vacas abatidas, bem como avaliar a necessidade de associação destes exames para efetuar diagnóstico fidedigno. A avaliação macroscópica da secreção, os exames histopatológico, citológico e as bactérias identificadas foram correlacionados. Não houve associação (P>0,05) dos resultados nas diferentes porções do trato genital. Na vagina foram isoladas as bactérias Trueperella pyogenes e Escherichia coli. Na cérvix, em apenas 2/23 (8,6%) amostras isolou-se Enterococcus faecalis e gram negativo oxidase positiva. No útero houve isolamento apenas da bactéria Staphylococcus epidermidis. As amostras histopatológicas classificadas em grupo II e III não apresentaram alterações detectadas no exame macroscópico. As amostras com secreção não fisiológica na vagina e cérvix não apresentaram alterações nos outros exames na porção uterina. A amostra com cultura bacteriológica positiva no útero demonstrou uma infecção ascendente através da alta contagem de granulócitos nas três porções analisadas. O presente estudo reforça o conceito de que a vaginite e cervicite diagnosticadas pelo exame clinico na vaca não retratam o real status da saúde uterina e por esta razão, o tratamento do útero deve ser conduzido com critério, alicerçado nos exames complementares para definir a terapia adequada para cada situação.(AU)

Bacteriological, cytological and histopathological evaluation of the reproductive tract of slaughtered cows

ABSTRACT: Reproductive diseases, mainly endometritis, are important hurdles in cattle raising, In the current study we evaluated gross, bacteriological, cytological, and histological findings from selected sites of the genital from 23 slaughtered cows and tested whether there is an association between these findings and the probability of reaching a reliable diagnosis. The results from the examinations of macroscopic aspects of uterine secretions, the cytological, bacteriological, and histopathological findings were then correlated. There was no significant correlation (P>0.05) of the statistical data from different parts of the genital tract. Trueperella pyogenes and Escherichia coli were isolated from the vagina in 3/23 cases. In only 2/23 samples Enterococcus faecalis and a gram-negative, oxidase-positive bacteria were isolated from the cervix uteri. Only Staphylococcus epidermidis, in 1/23 case, was isolated from the uterus. Histopathological findings in uterus from samples of Groups II (moderate lesions) and III (severe lesions) did not translated in grossly visible changes. Samples from reproductive tracts with secretion in the vagina and cervix uteri had no detectable changes in the other parameters analyzed from this portion. Uterus with positive bacterial culture had evidence of ascendant inflammation judging by the high granulocyte count in the three analyzed portions. This study reinforces that vaginitis and cervicitis in the cow diagnosed only by clinical examination does not reflect the real status of the uterine health. For this reason, treatment of uterine disorders should be conducted based on reliable tests to determine the appropriate therapy for each situation.

RESUMO: Doenças reprodutivas causam altas perdas econômicas nos rebanhos bovinos, sendo a endometrite uma das alterações mais relevantes. Os objetivos desta pesquisa foram avaliar a associação dos achados fisiopatológicos em exames macroscópicos, bacteriológicos, citológicos e histopatológicos nas porções do trato genital de 23 vacas abatidas, bem como avaliar a necessidade de associação destes exames para efetuar diagnóstico fidedigno. A avaliação macroscópica da secreção, os exames histopatológico, citológico e as bactérias identificadas foram correlacionados. Não houve associação (P>0,05) dos resultados nas diferentes porções do trato genital. Na vagina foram isoladas as bactérias Trueperella pyogenes e Escherichia coli. Na cérvix, em apenas 2/23 (8,6%) amostras isolou-se Enterococcus faecalis e gram negativo oxidase positiva. No útero houve isolamento apenas da bactéria Staphylococcus epidermidis. As amostras histopatológicas classificadas em grupo II e III não apresentaram alterações detectadas no exame macroscópico. As amostras com secreção não fisiológica na vagina e cérvix não apresentaram alterações nos outros exames na porção uterina. A amostra com cultura bacteriológica positiva no útero demonstrou uma infecção ascendente através da alta contagem de granulócitos nas três porções analisadas. O presente estudo reforça o conceito de que a vaginite e cervicite diagnosticadas pelo exame clinico na vaca não retratam o real status da saúde uterina e por esta razão, o tratamento do útero deve ser conduzido com critério, alicerçado nos exames complementares para definir a terapia adequada para cada situação.

Uso de suplementos para acasalamento de bezerras Angus aos 14 meses de idade / Use of supplements for mating Angus heifers at 14 months

O experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar o desenvolvimento de novilhas de corte em três sistemas alimentares: exclusivamente em pastagem de azevém (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) ou em pastagem de azevém e recebendo 0,93% do peso corporal de grão de milho inteiro ou grão de aveia branca como suplemento. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente ao acaso, com medidas repetidas no tempo. A utilização da pastagem de azevém, com ou sem uso de grão de milho ou aveia como suplemento, possibilita desenvolvimento reprodutivo para que as bezerras sejam acasaladas aos 14 meses de idade. O peso corporal ao início da utilização da pastagem é determinante para que as bezerras atinjam adequado desenvolvimento reprodutivo no início da estação de acasalamento.(AU)

The experiment was carried out to evaluate the development of beef heifers in three feeding systems: exclusively on ryegrass pasture (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) or in ryegrass pasture and receiving 0.93% of body weight of corn whole grain or oats grain as a supplement. The experimental design was completely randomized with repeated measures in time. The utilization of ryegrass pasture, with or without the use of corn or oats grain as a supplement, provides reproductive development of heifers in order for them to be mated at 14 months of age. The body weight at the beginning of pasture utilization is crucial for heifers to reach adequate reproductive development at the beginning of the mating season.(AU)

Uso de suplementos para acasalamento de bezerras Angus aos 14 meses de idade / Use of supplements for mating Angus heifers at 14 months

O experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar o desenvolvimento de novilhas de corte em três sistemas alimentares: exclusivamente em pastagem de azevém (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) ou em pastagem de azevém e recebendo 0,93% do peso corporal de grão de milho inteiro ou grão de aveia branca como suplemento. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente ao acaso, com medidas repetidas no tempo. A utilização da pastagem de azevém, com ou sem uso de grão de milho ou aveia como suplemento, possibilita desenvolvimento reprodutivo para que as bezerras sejam acasaladas aos 14 meses de idade. O peso corporal ao início da utilização da pastagem é determinante para que as bezerras atinjam adequado desenvolvimento reprodutivo no início da estação de acasalamento.(AU)

The experiment was carried out to evaluate the development of beef heifers in three feeding systems: exclusively on ryegrass pasture (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) or in ryegrass pasture and receiving 0.93% of body weight of corn whole grain or oats grain as a supplement. The experimental design was completely randomized with repeated measures in time. The utilization of ryegrass pasture, with or without the use of corn or oats grain as a supplement, provides reproductive development of heifers in order for them to be mated at 14 months of age. The body weight at the beginning of pasture utilization is crucial for heifers to reach adequate reproductive development at the beginning of the mating season.(AU)

Farelo de arroz integral para bezerras de corte em pastejo de papuã / Whole rice bran for beef heifers raised on alexander grass pasture

O estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar o desenvolvimento de bezerras de corte quando elas permaneceram exclusivamente em pastagem de papuã (Urochloa plantaginea (Link) Hitch) ou em papuã e recebendo farelo de arroz integral (FAI) como suplemento, fornecido de segunda a sexta-feira. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com medidas repetidas no tempo, com dois tratamentos e três repetições de área. As bezerras que recebem FAI apresentam maior ganho médio diário a partir do 42º dia de uso da pastagem e peso corporal 21% superior ao final do período de pastejo. A taxa de lotação, ganho de peso por área, altura de garupa, relação peso corporal:altura e escore de condição corporal foram semelhantes para as bezerras exclusivamente em papuã ou em papuã e recebendo FAI. Bezerras de corte em pastagem exclusiva de papuã dos 15 aos 18 meses de idade alcançaram desenvolvimento corporal, escore de trato reprodutivo (4,22 pontos) e área pélvica (206,3 cm²) adequadas para serem acasaladas aos 18-20 meses de idade...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the development of beef heifers exclusively fed alexander grass (Urochloa plantaginea (Link) Hitch) or alexander grass and whole rice meal as supplement offered from Monday to Friday. The experimental design was completely randomized, with repeated measures over time, and consisted of two treatments and three replications of area. Heifers receiving whole rice meal exhibited higher average daily gain after day 42 of pasture use and a 21% higher body weight at the end of the grazing period. The stocking rate, weight gain per area, hip height, weight-height ratio, and body condition score were similar for heifers exclusively fed alexander grass and alexander grass plus rice bran. Beef heifers raised exclusively on alexander grass from 15 to 18 months of age reached adequate body development, reproductive tract score (4.22 points) and pelvic area (206.3 cm²) to be bred at 18-20 months of age...

Farelo de arroz integral para bezerras de corte em pastejo de papuã / Whole rice bran for beef heifers raised on alexander grass pasture

O estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar o desenvolvimento de bezerras de corte quando elas permaneceram exclusivamente em pastagem de papuã (Urochloa plantaginea (Link) Hitch) ou em papuã e recebendo farelo de arroz integral (FAI) como suplemento, fornecido de segunda a sexta-feira. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com medidas repetidas no tempo, com dois tratamentos e três repetições de área. As bezerras que recebem FAI apresentam maior ganho médio diário a partir do 42º dia de uso da pastagem e peso corporal 21% superior ao final do período de pastejo. A taxa de lotação, ganho de peso por área, altura de garupa, relação peso corporal:altura e escore de condição corporal foram semelhantes para as bezerras exclusivamente em papuã ou em papuã e recebendo FAI. Bezerras de corte em pastagem exclusiva de papuã dos 15 aos 18 meses de idade alcançaram desenvolvimento corporal, escore de trato reprodutivo (4,22 pontos) e área pélvica (206,3 cm²) adequadas para serem acasaladas aos 18-20 meses de idade...(AU)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the development of beef heifers exclusively fed alexander grass (Urochloa plantaginea (Link) Hitch) or alexander grass and whole rice meal as supplement offered from Monday to Friday. The experimental design was completely randomized, with repeated measures over time, and consisted of two treatments and three replications of area. Heifers receiving whole rice meal exhibited higher average daily gain after day 42 of pasture use and a 21% higher body weight at the end of the grazing period. The stocking rate, weight gain per area, hip height, weight-height ratio, and body condition score were similar for heifers exclusively fed alexander grass and alexander grass plus rice bran. Beef heifers raised exclusively on alexander grass from 15 to 18 months of age reached adequate body development, reproductive tract score (4.22 points) and pelvic area (206.3 cm²) to be bred at 18-20 months of age...(AU)

Beef heifers performance in natural grassland under continuous and rotational grazing in the autumn-winter / Desempenho de novilhas de corte em pastagem natural sob pastoreio contínuo e rotativo no outono-inverno

The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of beef heifers in natural grassland under continuous and rotational grazing during the autumn-winter period. The treatments were distributed in a completely randomized design and conducted using the forage mass above eight cm and 50% of the leaf blades mass of tussocks. The animals were Brangus beef heifers with initial body weight of 258kg. The variables evaluated were available forage mass (FMa), leaf blades mass of tussocks (LBMt), real forage allowance (FAr), sward height of the lower stratum (HLS), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), organic matter digestibility (OMD), total digestible nutrients (TDN), average daily gain (ADG), body condition score (BCS), reproductive tract score (RTS) and stocking rate (SR). FMa, HLS, OMD and TDN decreased while FAr, CP and NDF were similar during the experimental period. The ADG was positive only at third experimental period while BCS, RTS and SR decreased over time. The natural grassland management under continuous and rotational grazing during the autumn-winter period, using the forage mass above 8cm and 50% of the leaf blades mass of tussocks, does not allow the adequate corporal development for breeding the beef heifers at 24 months old.(AU)

O objetivo foi avaliar o desempenho de novilhas de corte em pastagem natural sob pastoreio contínuo e rotativo no outono-inverno. Os tratamentos foram distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, conduzidos utilizando a massa de forragem acima de oito cm e 50% da massa de lâminas foliares das touceiras. Os animais foram novilhas Brangus com peso médio inicial de 258kg. As variáveis avaliadas foram massa de forragem disponibilizada (MFd), massa de lâminas foliares das touceiras (MLFt) oferta de forragem disponibilizada (OFd), altura do estrato inferior (Hinf), proteína bruta (PB), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), digestibilidade da matéria orgânica (DISMO), nutrientes digestíveis totais (NDT), ganho médio diário (GMD), escore de condição corporal (CC), escore do trato reprodutivo (ETR) e taxa de lotação (TL). MFd, Hinf, DISMO e NDT foram decrescentes e OFd, PB e FDN semelhantes ao longo do período experimental. O GMD foi positivo apenas no terceiro período, enquanto que CC, ETR e TL decresceram. O manejo da pastagem natural sob pastoreio contínuo ou rotativo, no outono-inverno, utilizando a massa de forragem acima de oito cm e 50% da massa de lâminas foliares das touceiras, não possibilita o desenvolvimento corporal adequado para acasalamento de novilhas de corte aos 24 meses.(AU)

Beef heifers performance in natural grassland under continuous and rotational grazing in the autumn-winter / Desempenho de novilhas de corte em pastagem natural sob pastoreio contínuo e rotativo no outono-inverno

The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of beef heifers in natural grassland under continuous and rotational grazing during the autumn-winter period. The treatments were distributed in a completely randomized design and conducted using the forage mass above eight cm and 50% of the leaf blades mass of tussocks. The animals were Brangus beef heifers with initial body weight of 258kg. The variables evaluated were available forage mass (FMa), leaf blades mass of tussocks (LBMt), real forage allowance (FAr), sward height of the lower stratum (HLS), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), organic matter digestibility (OMD), total digestible nutrients (TDN), average daily gain (ADG), body condition score (BCS), reproductive tract score (RTS) and stocking rate (SR). FMa, HLS, OMD and TDN decreased while FAr, CP and NDF were similar during the experimental period. The ADG was positive only at third experimental period while BCS, RTS and SR decreased over time. The natural grassland management under continuous and rotational grazing during the autumn-winter period, using the forage mass above 8cm and 50% of the leaf blades mass of tussocks, does not allow the adequate corporal development for breeding the beef heifers at 24 months old.

O objetivo foi avaliar o desempenho de novilhas de corte em pastagem natural sob pastoreio contínuo e rotativo no outono-inverno. Os tratamentos foram distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, conduzidos utilizando a massa de forragem acima de oito cm e 50% da massa de lâminas foliares das touceiras. Os animais foram novilhas Brangus com peso médio inicial de 258kg. As variáveis avaliadas foram massa de forragem disponibilizada (MFd), massa de lâminas foliares das touceiras (MLFt) oferta de forragem disponibilizada (OFd), altura do estrato inferior (Hinf), proteína bruta (PB), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), digestibilidade da matéria orgânica (DISMO), nutrientes digestíveis totais (NDT), ganho médio diário (GMD), escore de condição corporal (CC), escore do trato reprodutivo (ETR) e taxa de lotação (TL). MFd, Hinf, DISMO e NDT foram decrescentes e OFd, PB e FDN semelhantes ao longo do período experimental. O GMD foi positivo apenas no terceiro período, enquanto que CC, ETR e TL decresceram. O manejo da pastagem natural sob pastoreio contínuo ou rotativo, no outono-inverno, utilizando a massa de forragem acima de oito cm e 50% da massa de lâminas foliares das touceiras, não possibilita o desenvolvimento corporal adequado para acasalamento de novilhas de corte aos 24 meses.

Como enfrentar os obstáculos frequentes em éguas portadores de alterações genitais passíveis de tratamento cirúrgico / Facing the most frequent challenges in mares with genital alterations that may be corrected by surgery

Para entender a enfrentar os desafios do ato cirúrgico torna-se necessário a leitura obrigatória do livro “O século dos cirurgiões”, onde o autor descreveu os primórdios dos procedimentos antes e após o advento e descoberta das drogas anestésicas, as técnicas cruentas utilizadas na época, as amputações, a operação cesariana, a comprovação da contaminação bacteriana e os princípios da antissepsia (Thorwald, 2010). As dificuldades em improvisações enfrentadas pelos praticantes pioneiros da medicina veterinária equina estão historicamente relatadas no livro “Ars Veterinária” detalhadamente compiladas por Walker (1991), onde escreveu uma narrativa da importância do cavalo na história do ser humano e sua utilização como meio de transporte, lazer e atividade militar nas grandes batalhas principalmente dos exploradores e dos impérios greco-romano, contendo ilustrações do instrumental cirúrgico artesanal utilizado na época. O objetivo desse texto será o de apresentar uma súmula dos principais obstáculos enfrentados nas cirurgias do trato reprodutivo das éguas sem a pretensão de esgotar o assunto, mas sim deixar registrado uma parte da experiência pessoal deste profissional embasado na literatura especializada.

In order to face the challenges of surgical act, reading Jürgen Thorwald's book “The Century of the Surgeon” (Das Jahrhundert der Chirurgen) is a must. In his book, the author describes the beginning of surgical procedures before and after the discovery of anaesthetic drugs, the bloody techniques used in those times, the amputations, the caesarean section, the evidence of bacterial contamination, and the principles of antisepsis (Thorwald, 2010). The difficulties and improvisations faced by the pioneers in equine medicine are historically reported in the book “ArsVeterinaria”, carefully reported by Walker (1991), who tells about the importance of horses in human history and about the use of those animals for transportation, leisure and military purposes, specially on great battles involving explorers and the Greek-Roman empire, including illustrations of the handmade surgical instruments used in that time. The aim of this text is to present a summary of the main obstacles faced in mares reproductive surgery, with no pretension to exhaust the subject, but to report part of the personal experience of this professional, grounded in specialized literature.

Como enfrentar os obstáculos frequentes em éguas portadores de alterações genitais passíveis de tratamento cirúrgico / Facing the most frequent challenges in mares with genital alterations that may be corrected by surgery

Para entender a enfrentar os desafios do ato cirúrgico torna-se necessário a leitura obrigatória do livro “O século dos cirurgiões”, onde o autor descreveu os primórdios dos procedimentos antes e após o advento e descoberta das drogas anestésicas, as técnicas cruentas utilizadas na época, as amputações, a operação cesariana, a comprovação da contaminação bacteriana e os princípios da antissepsia (Thorwald, 2010). As dificuldades em improvisações enfrentadas pelos praticantes pioneiros da medicina veterinária equina estão historicamente relatadas no livro “Ars Veterinária” detalhadamente compiladas por Walker (1991), onde escreveu uma narrativa da importância do cavalo na história do ser humano e sua utilização como meio de transporte, lazer e atividade militar nas grandes batalhas principalmente dos exploradores e dos impérios greco-romano, contendo ilustrações do instrumental cirúrgico artesanal utilizado na época. O objetivo desse texto será o de apresentar uma súmula dos principais obstáculos enfrentados nas cirurgias do trato reprodutivo das éguas sem a pretensão de esgotar o assunto, mas sim deixar registrado uma parte da experiência pessoal deste profissional embasado na literatura especializada.(AU)

In order to face the challenges of surgical act, reading Jürgen Thorwald's book “The Century of the Surgeon” (Das Jahrhundert der Chirurgen) is a must. In his book, the author describes the beginning of surgical procedures before and after the discovery of anaesthetic drugs, the bloody techniques used in those times, the amputations, the caesarean section, the evidence of bacterial contamination, and the principles of antisepsis (Thorwald, 2010). The difficulties and improvisations faced by the pioneers in equine medicine are historically reported in the book “ArsVeterinaria”, carefully reported by Walker (1991), who tells about the importance of horses in human history and about the use of those animals for transportation, leisure and military purposes, specially on great battles involving explorers and the Greek-Roman empire, including illustrations of the handmade surgical instruments used in that time. The aim of this text is to present a summary of the main obstacles faced in mares reproductive surgery, with no pretension to exhaust the subject, but to report part of the personal experience of this professional, grounded in specialized literature.(AU)

Antimicrobial potential of ethanol extracts of plants against gramnegative bacilli isolated from cervicovaginal mucosa of sheep bred in the region of Petrolina-PE / Potencial antimicrobiano de extratos etanólicos de plantas frente a bacilos gram negativos isolados da mucosa cérvico-vaginal de ovelhas criadas na região de Petrolina-PE

Reproductive tract infections are the main causes of losses from the low reproductive efficiency ofsheep. Gram negative bacilli belonging to the normal flora of the genital region can trigger diseases.The pathogenicity of these agents is expressed when females are with weakened immune system, eitherby food or stress management. Flaws in and concern about antibiotic residues in animal productionhave prompted research regarding alternatives for the treatment of diseases. The herbal medicine has been considered in this context is the subject of numerous studies. This study aimed to evaluate theantibacterial potential of ethanol extracts of plants belonging to the flora of the Northeast against gramnegative bacilli isolated from cervical-vaginal mucosa of sheep. Six plants were selected from Caatingabiome: Encholirium spectabile, Bromelia laciniosa, Neoglaziovia variegata, Amburana cearensisHymenaea martiana and Selaginella convoluta. The plant material was processed to obtain the crudeextract. This was tested by microdilution plate and determining the minimum bactericidal concentration,the second document of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) and the extracts diluted inwater and alcohol. We used 43 gram negative isolates, as follows: 14 E. coli, 10 Enterobacter spp., 10Acinetobacter spp. 9 and Klebsiella spp. In the aqueous dilution Klebsiella spp. showed response onlyto species B. laciniosa, S. convoluta and H. martiana. All tested extracts showed antibacterial activityagainst Acinetobacter spp and no activity against E. coli and Enterobacter spp. Among the extractsdiluted in water H. martiana showed the highest antibacterial activity. In all dilution alcoholic extractsshowed inhibitory activity against all bacterial genera, but no statistical difference between them.(AU)

Infecções do trato reprodutivo são as principais causas de baixa eficiência reprodutiva de ovelhas. Bacilos gram negativos pertencentes à microbiota genital podem ser patógenos oportunistas. Falhas na antibioticoterapia e a preocupação com resíduos destas drogas nos animais de produção têm incitado pesquisas referentes a alternativas para o tratamento de enfermidades. A fitoterapia tem sido considerada nesse âmbito, sendo alvo de inúmeras pesquisas. Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o potencial antibacteriano de extratos etanólicos de plantas pertencentes à flora nordestina frente a bacilos gram negativos isolados da mucosa cérvico-vaginal de ovelhas. Foram selecionadas seis plantas do bioma caatinga: Encholirium spectabile, Bromelia laciniosa, Neoglaziovia variegata, Amburana cearensis, Hymenaea martiana e Selaginella convoluta. O material vegetal foi processado até obtenção do extrato bruto. Este foi testado por meio da microdiluição em placa e determinação da concentração bactericida mínima, segundo documento do Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI), sendo os extratos diluídos em água destilada e álcool. Foram utilizados 43 isolados gram negativos, sendo: 14 E. coli, 10 Enterobacter spp., 10 Acinetobacter spp. e 9 Klebsiella spp.. Na diluição aquosa o gênero Klebsiella apresentou resposta somente às espécies B. laciniosa, S. convoluta e H. martiana. Todos os extratos testados apresentaram atividade antimicrobiana perante Acinetobacter spp e nenhuma atividadefrente E. coli e Enterobacter spp. Dentre os extratos diluídos em água, H. martiana demonstrou amaior atividade antibacteriana. Na diluição alcoólica todos os extratos apresentaram atividade inibitóriaperante todos os gêneros bacterianos, porém não apresentaram diferença estatística entre eles.(AU)

Antimicrobial potential of ethanol extracts of plants against gramnegative bacilli isolated from cervicovaginal mucosa of sheep bred in the region of Petrolina-PE / Potencial antimicrobiano de extratos etanólicos de plantas frente a bacilos gram negativos isolados da mucosa cérvico-vaginal de ovelhas criadas na região de Petrolina-PE

Reproductive tract infections are the main causes of losses from the low reproductive efficiency ofsheep. Gram negative bacilli belonging to the normal flora of the genital region can trigger diseases.The pathogenicity of these agents is expressed when females are with weakened immune system, eitherby food or stress management. Flaws in and concern about antibiotic residues in animal productionhave prompted research regarding alternatives for the treatment of diseases. The herbal medicine has been considered in this context is the subject of numerous studies. This study aimed to evaluate theantibacterial potential of ethanol extracts of plants belonging to the flora of the Northeast against gramnegative bacilli isolated from cervical-vaginal mucosa of sheep. Six plants were selected from Caatingabiome: Encholirium spectabile, Bromelia laciniosa, Neoglaziovia variegata, Amburana cearensisHymenaea martiana and Selaginella convoluta. The plant material was processed to obtain the crudeextract. This was tested by microdilution plate and determining the minimum bactericidal concentration,the second document of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) and the extracts diluted inwater and alcohol. We used 43 gram negative isolates, as follows: 14 E. coli, 10 Enterobacter spp., 10Acinetobacter spp. 9 and Klebsiella spp. In the aqueous dilution Klebsiella spp. showed response onlyto species B. laciniosa, S. convoluta and H. martiana. All tested extracts showed antibacterial activityagainst Acinetobacter spp and no activity against E. coli and Enterobacter spp. Among the extractsdiluted in water H. martiana showed the highest antibacterial activity. In all dilution alcoholic extractsshowed inhibitory activity against all bacterial genera, but no statistical difference between them.

Infecções do trato reprodutivo são as principais causas de baixa eficiência reprodutiva de ovelhas. Bacilos gram negativos pertencentes à microbiota genital podem ser patógenos oportunistas. Falhas na antibioticoterapia e a preocupação com resíduos destas drogas nos animais de produção têm incitado pesquisas referentes a alternativas para o tratamento de enfermidades. A fitoterapia tem sido considerada nesse âmbito, sendo alvo de inúmeras pesquisas. Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o potencial antibacteriano de extratos etanólicos de plantas pertencentes à flora nordestina frente a bacilos gram negativos isolados da mucosa cérvico-vaginal de ovelhas. Foram selecionadas seis plantas do bioma caatinga: Encholirium spectabile, Bromelia laciniosa, Neoglaziovia variegata, Amburana cearensis, Hymenaea martiana e Selaginella convoluta. O material vegetal foi processado até obtenção do extrato bruto. Este foi testado por meio da microdiluição em placa e determinação da concentração bactericida mínima, segundo documento do Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI), sendo os extratos diluídos em água destilada e álcool. Foram utilizados 43 isolados gram negativos, sendo: 14 E. coli, 10 Enterobacter spp., 10 Acinetobacter spp. e 9 Klebsiella spp.. Na diluição aquosa o gênero Klebsiella apresentou resposta somente às espécies B. laciniosa, S. convoluta e H. martiana. Todos os extratos testados apresentaram atividade antimicrobiana perante Acinetobacter spp e nenhuma atividadefrente E. coli e Enterobacter spp. Dentre os extratos diluídos em água, H. martiana demonstrou amaior atividade antibacteriana. Na diluição alcoólica todos os extratos apresentaram atividade inibitóriaperante todos os gêneros bacterianos, porém não apresentaram diferença estatística entre eles.

Resposta reprodutiva de novilhas de corte associada a marcadores moleculares relacionados à fertilidade / Reproductive Performance of Beef Cattle Heifers Associated with Molecular Markers Related to the Fertility

Background: The marker assisted selection (MAS) is indicated as an auxiliary strategy to increase the productive performance in cattle. The principle consists in the identifi cation and selection of molecular markers associated with genes involved directly or indirectly with the expression of a desired trait, usually multifactorial and polygenic. The pregnancy rate is a form of expression fertility, with great economic importance in cattle production systems. The pregnancy rate is a multifactorial trait, which is infl uence by genetics, environment and their interactions. In the current study was search for an association between the reproductive response, expressed by pregnancy rate at insemination and pregnancy rate at the end of the mating season, and molecular markers of genes related to IGF-1 receptor, LHß, Leptin, receptors of FSH and LH. Materials, Methods & Results: Data were evaluated from 249 beef heifers of British breeds, Angus, Devon and crosses. The animals at fourteen or twenty seven months were subjected to different protocols for artificial insemination (AI) and fixed-time artificial insemination (TAI), followed by clean up bulls. The protocols AI and TAI, called AI/TAI, were: Group 1 -Ovsynch protocol (27th months). At day zero the animals received an injection of a GnRH at a dose of 10 µg buserelin, at seventh day received 500 µg of cloprostenol sodium, at ninth day the animals received another dose of 10 µg of buserelin. TAI was performed 10 h after the application of buserelin; Group 2 - Protocol Crestar® with ½ dose of estradiol valerate injectable (27th months). At eighth day the implant was removed, followed by 375 µg of cloprostenol sodium. At ninth day, was administered 1 mg of estradiol benzoate. TAI was performed in tenth day, 52 h after implant removal; Group 3 - Control group (27th months), with AI 12 h after estrus during the fi rst seven days. Seventh day, was applied 375 µg of cloprostenol sodium on all heifers not inseminated, followed by AI for fi ve days more; Group 4 (14th months) - Same protocol of the Group 2; Group 5 (14th months) - Same protocol of the Group 3. During the group formation, blood samples for extraction of DNA were obtained individually from all experimental animals. Microsatellite markers (short tandem repeats, STR) and/or single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were investigated by means of polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The STR investigated were the AFZ-1, HEL5, ILST002, IDVGA51, FSHR and LHR. We considered the effects of the treatment groups, age, body condition score (BCS), reproductive tract score (RTS), weight at the beginning of the breeding season, daily weight gain on pregnancy rate to AI/TAI and pregnancy rate to final. Molecular markers investigated did not show association with pregnancy rate. The mean pregnancy rate at insemination was 41.0% and the pregnancy rate final was 91.6%. There were no differences in pregnancy between the age of the animals. The average weight at the beginning of the mating was 313 kg without differentiate between animal that become pregnant or empty during the reproductive season. The RTS influenced the pregnancy rate after insemination in respectively 0%, 32.1% and 49.5% (P < 0.05) for RTS 1, 2 and 3. Discussion: Molecular markers AFZ-1, HEL5, ILST002, IDVGA51, FSHR and LHR could not be associated with pregnancy rate at insemination and pregnancy in beef heifers, perhaps because the high degree of reproductive selection that these animals are subjected. The nutritional status of the herd, expressed by weight and body condition score at mating of animals contributed to the achievement of significant pregnancy rates. The reproductive tract score can be considered as a predictor of fertility in herds of beef heifers.

Reproductive performance of beef cattle heifers associated with molecular markers related to the fertility / Resposta reprodutiva de novilhas de corte associada a marcadores moleculares relacionados à fertilidade

Background: The marker assisted selection (MAS) is indicated as an auxiliary strategy to increase the productive performance in cattle. The principle consists in the identification and selection of molecular markers associated with genes involved directly or indirectly with the expression of a desired trait, usually multifactorial and polygenic. The pregnancy rate is a form of expression fertility, with great economic importance in cattle production systems. The pregnancy rate is a multifactorial trait, which is influence by genetics, environment and their interactions. In the current study was search for an association between the reproductive response, expressed by pregnancy rate at insemination and pregnancy rate at the end of the mating season, and molecular markers of genes related to IGF-1 receptor, LH, Leptin, receptors of FSH and LH. Materials, Methods & Results: Data were evaluated from 249 beef heifers of British breeds, Angus, Devon and crosses. The animals at fourteen or twenty seven months were subjected to different protocols for artificial insemination (AI) and fixed-time artificial insemination (TAI), followed by clean up bulls. The protocols AI and TAI, called AI/TAI, were: Group 1 -Ovsynch protocol (27th months). At day zero the animals received an injection of a GnRH at a dose of 10 µg buserelin, at seventh day received 500 µg of cloprostenol sodium, at

Fertilidade é uma característica complexa que representa diversos componentes e estágios exigidos em machos e fêmeas para considerá-los funcionalmente capazes de superar todas as fases críticas do ciclo reprodutivo: formação de gametas, fertilização, implantação embrionária, desenvolvimento fetal e nascimento. De modo geral, as características consideradas indicativas de fertilidade apresentam baixa herdabilidade e são expressas tardiamente na vida do animal, além de sofrerem controle poligênico e possuírem forte influência ambiental. [...]

Reproductive performance of beef cattle heifers associated with molecular markers related to the fertility / Resposta reprodutiva de novilhas de corte associada a marcadores moleculares relacionados à fertilidade

Background: The marker assisted selection (MAS) is indicated as an auxiliary strategy to increase the productive performance in cattle. The principle consists in the identification and selection of molecular markers associated with genes involved directly or indirectly with the expression of a desired trait, usually multifactorial and polygenic. The pregnancy rate is a form of expression fertility, with great economic importance in cattle production systems. The pregnancy rate is a multifactorial trait, which is influence by genetics, environment and their interactions. In the current study was search for an association between the reproductive response, expressed by pregnancy rate at insemination and pregnancy rate at the end of the mating season, and molecular markers of genes related to IGF-1 receptor, LH, Leptin, receptors of FSH and LH. Materials, Methods & Results: Data were evaluated from 249 beef heifers of British breeds, Angus, Devon and crosses. The animals at fourteen or twenty seven months were subjected to different protocols for artificial insemination (AI) and fixed-time artificial insemination (TAI), followed by clean up bulls. The protocols AI and TAI, called AI/TAI, were: Group 1 -Ovsynch protocol (27th months). At day zero the animals received an injection of a GnRH at a dose of 10 µg buserelin, at seventh day received 500 µg of cloprostenol sodium, at

Fertilidade é uma característica complexa que representa diversos componentes e estágios exigidos em machos e fêmeas para considerá-los funcionalmente capazes de superar todas as fases críticas do ciclo reprodutivo: formação de gametas, fertilização, implantação embrionária, desenvolvimento fetal e nascimento. De modo geral, as características consideradas indicativas de fertilidade apresentam baixa herdabilidade e são expressas tardiamente na vida do animal, além de sofrerem controle poligênico e possuírem forte influência ambiental. [...]