Sedentary patterns and health outcomes in the oldest-old: a latent profile analysis.

Background: Sedentary behavior is most prevalent among those aged 80 years and above, referred to as the oldest-old. Current literature emphasizes the significance of sedentary behavior patterns, but further evidence is required to understand how these patterns relate to specific health outcomes and to identify at-risk profiles for tailored interventions in the oldest-old. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify profiles of adults aged 80+ years based on their sedentary patterns and health outcomes, and to examine associations between profiles and socio-demographics. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Flanders (Belgium) from February 2021 to December 2022 recruiting 90 older adults (80+) through convenience sampling, employing word of mouth, social media and local service centers. Latent profile analysis identified device-based sedentary patterns and assessed their associations with physical and cognitive functioning, mental health-related quality of life (QoL), and social isolation. Associations of these profiles with socio-demographic factors were analyzed. Results: Three distinct profiles were identified: (1) the 'cognitively and physically frail' profile, (2) the 'healthy' profile and (3) the 'lower mental health-related QoL' profile. Those in the 'cognitively and physically frail' profile exhibited the least favorable sedentary pattern, and had a higher likelihood of residing in a nursing home. No significant differences were found for the other socio-demographic variables, being age, sex, educational degree and family situation. Conclusions: Three distinct profiles in the oldest-old population, based on cognitive and physical functioning, mental health-related QoL, and sedentary behavior patterns, were identified. Lower physical and cognitive functioning was associated with unhealthy sedentary patterns. Further research with larger samples is crucial to uncover potential links between socio-demographics and at-risk subgroups, enhancing our understanding of sedentary behavior and geriatric health outcomes in this population.

Identifying post-traumatic stress symptom typologies in clinical and non-clinical healthcare staff: a latent profile analysis.

Background: There has been growing concern regarding increasing levels of post-traumatic stress (PTS) symptoms experienced by healthcare workers (HCW) in the UK, particularly following the COVID-19 pandemic.Objectives: PTS symptom typologies have been investigated in other adult populations using person-centred latent variable approaches, revealing profiles showing differing symptom levels and patterns. We aimed to explore typologies among clinical and non-clinical healthcare staff to elucidate heterogeneity of presentation.  Methods: This was a retrospective study using referral data from treatment-seeking healthcare staff in the North of England (N = 1600). We employed latent profile analysis using the PTSD International Trauma Questionnaire domains as profile indicators. We included covariates relating to role-type, depression, anxiety and mental health concerns before March of 2020.   Results: A model with six profiles fit the data best. Profile names were given as follows: 'No symptom'; 'Low symptom'; 'Low symptom (moderate Sense of current threat (Th_dx) and Functional impairment (FI))'; 'Moderate symptom (low Th_dx and high Avoidance (Av_dx))'; 'Moderate symptom'; and 'High symptom'. Covariates were shown to have differential predictive power on profile membership. Conclusions: The finding of profiles with pattern differences suggests a need for both differential and specifically targeted treatments, as well as a consideration of early intervention for those individuals with subclinical PTS symptoms. As expected, anxiety and depression were both predictors of several of the symptomatic profiles, with anxiety producing a larger effect. Further research is required to fully understand the link between role-type and PTS symptom typologies among HCW. .

Six distinct profiles of post-traumatic stress symptoms were found in treatment-seeking healthcare staff.Four of the profiles differed only in terms of severity of symptoms. Two of the profiles revealed pattern differences relating to differing severity across avoidance, sense of current threat and functional impairment.Working in a non-clinical role (e.g. hospital porter or admin staff) predicted membership of two of the moderate symptom profiles.Other mental health difficulties, anxiety and depression, predicted membership of several symptomatic profiles.

IPVAW male perpetrators convicted in Spain: a typology and characterization based on latent class analysis.

Introduction: Men who assault their partners present deficits in the social skills necessary for adequate interpersonal interaction. Not all of them have the same difficulties, thus they do not constitute a homogeneous group. Various studies have proposed different typologies of abusers based on their sociodemographic characteristics, criminal history, intensity and extent of violent or psychopathological traits. The majority of these investigations have been conducted in community samples, prompting the question of their validity in samples of men convicted of gender violence. The aim of this study was to establish a typology of men convicted in Spain for a gender violences crimes. Methodology: A total of 365 men participated and were subdivided into three classes of abusers based on their childhood, family experiences with violence, criminal history, sexist attitudes and attitudes toward violence, intensity and type of violence, psychopathological state and attachment style. Results: Coinciding with the results found in other research, 30% of the participants were classified as generally violent. They engaged in severe forms of physical, psychological and sexual violence and were more likely to do so than the rest. Additionally, they are more likely to present psychopathological problems and an antisocial character. Twenty-one percent were classified as dysphoric/borderline. They are characterized by minor forms of psychological violence, borderline or depressive symptomatology and an anxious attachment style. The remaining 49% were classified as familial or normalized abusers. This group exhibits moderate attitudes toward violence and sexism, resulting in less psychological and physical aggression. They do not present psychopathological problems and are likely to present a secure attachment style. Discussion: It is argued that determining the psychological characteristics of each type of abuser would contribute to improving and adapting intervention protocols in Spain, leading to a significant improvement in the current issue of abuse.

Exploring social network typologies and their impact on health and mental well-being in older adults: Evidence from JAGES.

BACKGROUND: The types of social networks, their prevalence, and their relationship to health outcomes in older age have been different across countries and cultures. Most of the literature has focused on USA or in European countries and little is known about the social network typologies among older adults from Japan. This study aimed to identify these patterns of social network typologies and examine the differences in sociodemographic and related to health variables. METHODS: 23894 participants from the JAGES project (2019), aged 65 or older (M = 74.74, DT = 6.39) from Japan. Statistical analyses included Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) followed by ANOVAs, Chi square and multinomial logistic regressions tests to compare the profiles. RESULTS: Four profiles were identified: family (66.9%), spouse (16.6%), diverse (14.5%), and neighbor/others (1.9%). The profiles differ statistically (p < 0.001) in all sociodemographic characteristics and in the means of depression, loneliness, self-perceived health, and happiness. Compared with the "family" network, younger men, with fewer chronic illnesses but higher levels of depression and loneliness were more likely to be in the "spouse" profile, older women with lower socioeconomic status, but less lonely and happier in the "diverse" profile and adults who still working, have lower socioeconomic status and are less happy into the "neighbors/others" group. DISCUSSION: We discuss the differences between the profiles found, the potential differences with previous studies and the specific cultural Japanese nuances that may explain the characteristics of the network types founded.

Amazon deforestation: A dangerous future indicated by patterns and trajectories in a hotspot of forest destruction in Brazil.

In recent years, the loss of forest in the Brazilian Amazon has taken on alarming proportions, with 2021 recording the largest increase in 13 years, particularly in the Abunã-Madeira Sustainable Development Reserve (SDR). This has significant environmental, social, and economic repercussions globally and for the local communities reliant on the forest. Analyzing deforestation patterns and trends aids in comprehending the dynamics of occupation and deforestation within a critical Amazon region, enabling the inference of potential occupation pathways. This understanding is crucial for identifying deforestation expansion zones and shaping public policies to curb deforestation. Decisions by the Brazilian government regarding landscape management will have profound environmental implications. We conducted an analysis of deforestation patterns and trends up to 2021 in the municipality (county) of Lábrea, located in the southern portion of Amazonas state. Deforestation processes in this area are likely to spread to the adjacent "Trans-Purus" region in western Amazonas, where Amazonia's largest block of remaining rainforest is at risk from planned highways. Annual deforestation polygons from 2008 to 2021 were categorized based on occupation typologies linked to various actors and processes defined for the region (e.g., diffuse, linear, fishbone, geometric, multidirectional, and consolidated). These patterns were represented through 10 × 10 km grid cells. The findings revealed that Lábrea's territory is predominantly characterized by the diffuse pattern (initial occupation stage), mainly concentrated in protected areas. Advanced occupation patterns (multidirectional and consolidated) were the primary contributors to deforestation during this period. Observed change trajectories included consolidation (30.8%) and expansion (19.6%) in the southern portion of the municipality, particularly along the Boi and Jequitibá secondary roads, providing access to large illegal landholdings. Additionally, non-change trajectories (67%) featured initial occupation patterns near rivers and in protected areas, likely linked to riverine and extractive communities. Tailoring measures to control deforestation based on actor types and considering stages of occupation is crucial. The techniques developed in this study provide a comprehensive approach for Amazonia and other tropical regions.

Affective super-traits and/or individual patterns: a variable-centered and a person-centered approach of primary emotional aspects of personality.

Theoretical approaches of personality structure are diverse. We examine the primary emotional aspects of personality as the correspondence of two mainstream constructs: the lexically-based Big Five (BIG5) and the biologically-based Affective Neuroscience Theory (ANT) within two approaches. In the variable-centered approach (VCA), our aim is to identify affective super-traits; while in the person-centered approach (PCA) to uncover latent profile patterns. 240 participants (177 women, 63 men) completed the 112-item affective neuroscience personality scales (ANPS), and the 44-item Big Five Inventory (BFI). We identified four super-traits: Negative emotions (FEAR, SADNESS, Emotional instability), Positive emotions and stimulation (SEEK, Extraversion), Affiliation and social bonds (reversed ANGER, CARE, Agreeableness), Self-regulation (PLAY, Conscientiousness. Based on the VCA, we conclude that the four super-traits represent two main affective tendencies (Positive emotions and approaching, Negative emotions and avoidance), interpersonal (Affiliation) and intrapersonal (Self-regulation) dynamics of personality. As a result of Latent Profile Analysis in the PCA, we explored three latent groups with different patterns of primary emotional traits based on their responsiveness (Highly emotional, Balanced, Low emotional). Our findings provide a holistic approach to emotional aspects of personality, and might have further implications for clinical psychology, neuroscience, and cross-cultural studies on emotions.

Is Dignity Still Necessary in Health Care? From Definition to Recognition of Human Dignity.

The concept of dignity is not, as some scholars claim, an unnecessary moral idea, and nor need it have religious overtones or be characterised by speciesism. In this article, I try to show that dignity can be defined and recognised. The starting point for the argumentation is the four typologies of dignity, which show that the term 'dignity' can denote significantly different concepts, and that the different concepts of dignity can have significantly different ontological senses. A unified typology of dignity allows for five categories to be distinguished: inherent dignity, dignity based on changeable qualities, moral dignity, bestowed dignity and comportment dignity. I take the first two categories of dignity as the object of the analysis, with which I seek to formulate a philosophical response to the charge of speciesism and to show on what basis it can be maintained that all human beings possess dignity. To this end, I distinguish between existential dignity, actual dignity, and potential dignity. Distinguishing these types of dignity becomes possible in the light of Aquinas' and Aristotle's views. In the final section, I point to two ways of recognising dignity. The first is based on certain narratives and emotional states ('ecumenical model of dignity'), while the second is related to a specific moral experience developed within ethical personalism.

Beyond femininity or masculinity: gender typologies and healthy eating in early adulthood.

PURPOSE: In the field of health sciences gender is often confused with biological sex (male/female) or reduced to a dichotomous classification (masculinity/femininity). The concepts of sex and gender interact with each other, but they are not equivalent. According to Sandra Bem four gender typologies can be established (androgynous, masculine, feminine and undifferentiated). A relationship has been shown to exist between gender and health. Yet, there is little evidence as to the relationship between gender typologies and adherence to the Mediterranean diet. The aim of this research is to evaluate the association between Bem's gender typologies and adherence to the Mediterranean diet. METHODS: Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) and Bem's gender typologies were the main variables. Sex, age, socioeconomic status (SES), body mass index (BMI) and obesity were analyzed as covariates. RESULTS: Multilevel multivariate analysis showed that androgynous typology was associated with increased adherence to Mediterranean diet (ß = 0.46 (SE 0.21), p = 0.033), adjusting by covariates, in a university population in Spain. Moreover, this was not the case with masculinity or femininity typologies. CONCLUSION: Thus, the results of this study suggest (1) that androgynous typology is not only associated with better mental health but also with healthy/healthier lifestyles, and (2) the complexity of the relationship between sex-gender and health would advise researchers avoid dichotomies such as male/female or masculinity/femininity.

Rapid and green discrimination of bovine milk according to fat content, thermal treatment, brand and manufacturer via colloidal fingerprinting.

Addressing food safety and detecting food fraud while fulfilling greenness requisites for analysis is a challenging but necessary task. The use of sustainable techniques, with limited pretreatment, non-toxic chemicals, high throughput results, is recommended. A combination of Field Flow Fractionation (FFF), working in saline carrier and with minimal preprocessing, and chemometrics was for the first time applied to bovine milk grouping. A set of 47 bovine milk samples was analyzed: a single analysis yielded a characteristic multidimensional colloidal dataset, that once processed with multivariate tools allowed simultaneously for different discriminations: fat content, thermal treatment, brand and manufacturing plant. The analytical methodology is fast, green, simple, and inexpensive and could offer great help in the field of quality control and frauds identification. This work represents also the first attempt to identify milk sub-typologies based on colloidal profiles, and the most complete study concerning multivariate analysis of FFF fingerprint.

PrEP initiation and discontinuation among transgender women in the United States: a longitudinal, mixed methods cohort study.

INTRODUCTION: Transgender women in the United States experience high HIV incidence and suboptimal Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) engagement. We sought to estimate PrEP initiation and discontinuation rates and characterize PrEP discontinuation experiences among a prospective cohort of transgender women. METHODS: Using a sequential, explanatory, mixed-methods design, 1312 transgender women at risk for HIV acquisition were enrolled from March 2018 to August 2020 and followed through July 2022 (median follow-up 24 months; interquartile range 15-36). Cox regression models assessed predictors of initiation and discontinuation. In-depth interviews were conducted among 18 participants, including life history calendars to explore key events and experiences surrounding discontinuations. Qualitative and quantitative data were integrated to generate typologies of discontinuation, inform meta-inferences and facilitate the interpretation of findings. RESULTS: 21.8% (n = 286) of participants reported taking PrEP at one or more study visits while under observation. We observed 139 PrEP initiations over 2127 person-years (6.5 initiations/100 person-years, 95% CI: 5.5-7.7). Predictors of initiation included identifying as Black and PrEP indication. The rate of initiation among those who were PrEP-indicated was 9.6 initiations/100 person-years (132/1372 person-years; 95% CI: 8.1-11.4). We observed 138 PrEP discontinuations over 368 person-years (37.5 discontinuations/100 person-years, 95% CI: 31.7-44.3). Predictors of discontinuation included high school education or less and initiating PrEP for the first time while under observation. Four discontinuation typologies emerged: (1) seroconversion following discontinuation; (2) ongoing HIV acquisition risk following discontinuation; (3) reassessment of HIV/STI prevention strategy following discontinuation; and (4) dynamic PrEP use coinciding with changes in HIV acquisition risk. CONCLUSIONS: PrEP initiation rates were low and discontinuation rates were high. Complex motivations to stop using PrEP did not consistently correspond with HIV acquisition risk reduction. Evidence-based interventions to increase PrEP persistence among transgender women with ongoing acquisition risk and provide HIV prevention support for those who discontinue PrEP are necessary to reduce HIV incidence in this population.

Relationship between gamer profiles, gaming behavior, sociodemographic characteristics, and big five personality traits among French law students.

BACKGROUND: Over the past 10 years, gamer profiles have been developed to understand the reason underlying players' intrinsic motivation. While the research undertaken has led to the creation of distinct models (e.g., BrainHex and Hexad typologies), there is a lack of studies on the prevalence of these profiles among a specific population and the association between the target population's profiles and their personality traits, gaming behavior, and sociodemographic characteristics. METHODS: Thus, the present study aimed to (a) establish the gamer profiles of French undergraduate law students, (b) examine the relationships between the participants' profiles and their personality traits, gaming behavior, and sociodemographic characteristics, with a view to the development of serious games specifically intended for this population. In total, 753 French undergraduate students participated in the study, completing an online questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Latent Profile Analysis (LPA), chi-square, and ANOVA. RESULTS: The main findings show that among participants, the two most prevalent gamers' profiles are Mastermind (45%) and Seeker (22.7%); followed by three less represented archetypes: Conqueror (12.9%), Daredevil (9.7%), and Achiever (9.7%). These archetypes are associated with the participants' Big Five personality traits. Specifically, Daredevils, Masterminds, and Seekers have high mean scores on Extraversion (p < .001); Achievers and Seekers have high mean scores on Agreeableness (p < .001); Seekers and Achievers have high mean scores on Neuroticism (p < .001); and Seekers, Masterminds, and Achievers have high mean scores on Openness (p < .001). The unveiled profiles are also significantly associated with the participants' gaming behavior including their playing frequency (p < .001), game types (p = .031), and sociodemographic characteristics (p < .001). For example, Masterminds are more likely to be female than the other four profiles (p < .001), while Conquerors and Daredevils are more likely to have a low socio-economic status compared to those with intermediate and high socio-economic status (p = .49). CONCLUSION: These findings can be used to design serious/educational games tailored to the studied population.

Consequences of Recent Crises on the FLW Consumer Behaviour: A National Wide Representative Research-The Case of Romania.

Research on food loss and waste (FLW) is quite limited in emerging countries, such as Romania, as the phenomenon, its consequences, and implications are not yet properly understood by both policy makers and consumers. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to conduct representative research in Romania to identify the main clusters of consumers depending on their food waste behaviour. By means of cluster analysis, we highlight the main consumer typologies in Romania, regarding their food waste behaviour. The main findings reveal the presence of three distinct segments of consumer typologies based on their food waste behaviour, including low-income young wasters, conscious middle-age wasters, and well-educated mature non-wasters. This study highlights the need for targeted interventions that consider the unique characteristics and behaviours of each segment to effectively reduce FLW at the household level. Overall, this paper provides important insights for academia and for policymakers in the field of FLW management. The food loss and waste behaviour has significant economic, social, and environmental impacts, and reducing it requires a common effort from all stakeholders. Reducing food waste presents challenges, but also presents an opportunity to improve economic, social, and environmental outcomes.

Child-to-Parent Violence Specialist and Generalist Perpetrators: Risk Profile and Gender Differences.

Like other forms of domestic violence, child-to-parent violence (CPV) is a social and health-related problem. The identification of risk factors has preventive and therapeutic implications. This paper analyzes the risk profiles and gender differences of 206 CPV cases between 12 and 28 years of age (58% males) from clinical and judicial contexts in Spain, assessed using the Child to Parent Violence Risk (CPVR) Assessment tool. Two profiles were compared according to the extent of their violence: those using only CPV (specialist, 64.1%) and those also using other types of violence (generalist, 35.9%), as coded by professionals working with the cases. Generalist perpetrators had a significantly higher prevalence in terms of the bidirectionality of the violence (being victims at home), bullying victimization, empathy problems, anger management issues, attitudes justifying violence, antisocial behavior, failure of previous interventions, violence between parents, cohabitation problems other than CPV, problematic education style, and inversion of the hierarchy. Females were less likely to be generalists, and, in the case of female specialists, violence from parents and issues in the family context may have been among the main explanations for their violence. The results suggest differences between groups, which is consistent with previous research, but also the need for more accurate typological classification methods.

The Trend of Online Child Sexual Abuse and Exploitations: A Profile of Online Sexual Offenders and Criminal Justice Response.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of technology-facilitated crimes against children worldwide has increased substantially and become one of the most serious crime problems. Due to these considerations, there is a lack of large-scale systematic reviews investigating Cybercrime in and of itself could be challenging to investigate in comparison to traditional ones due to the elusiveness of the cyber realm. Specifically, investigating internet crimes against children comes with specific challenges. These offenses target vulnerable children who are less likely to realize their victimization, lowering the probability of reporting to the proper authorities. With these obstacles in mind, this research study utilizes data information regarding the characteristics of online CSAM users and their practices to inform law enforcement, parents, and the public for preventative and strategic purposes. Furthermore, this study diagnoses the significant challenges of investigating technology-facilitated crimes against children by examining how the current criminal justice system responds to these incidents. The policy recommendations discussed offer a holistic lens for highlighting this critical issue and implementing practical and proactive training solutions for law enforcement and the public.

Social network typologies moderate the association of loneliness with depressive symptomatology in middle-aged and older adults.

Background: Depression remains among the most prevalent mental disorders, and it severely affects daily functioning and quality of life. There has been extensive research reporting on the impact of social relationships on depression, but much of this research has only considered isolated aspects of relationships. This study derived social network types based on the multiple components of social relationships, and then investigated their effects on depressive symptoms. Methods: Using samples of 620 adults (Mage = 53.52), Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) was conducted to uncover network types based on the structural (network size, contact frequency, marital status, and social engagement), functional (levels of support and conflict), and qualitative (satisfaction with relationships) aspects of social relationships. Multiple regressions were used to test if distinct network types directly impact on depressive symptoms and whether network types moderate the association of loneliness (perceived social isolation) with depressive symptoms. Results: LPA identified four distinct network types (diverse, family-focused, friend-focused, and restricted) and there were significant differences in depressive symptoms among four network types. Analysis using the BCH method showed that individuals in the restricted network type had the highest depressive symptoms, followed in order by individuals in the friend-focused, family-focused, and diverse network types. Regression results further indicated that an individual's network network type membership was significantly associated with depressive symptoms, and being in the diverse and family-focused network types alleviated the negative effect of loneliness on depressive symptoms. Conclusion: The results suggest that both quantitative and qualitative aspects of social relationships are important in buffering against the adverse effect of loneliness on depressive symptoms. These findings underscore the utility of taking a multi-dimensional approach to uncover heterogeneity in the social networks of adults and their implications on depression.

Evolution of pastoral livestock farming on arid rangelands in the last 15 years.

Livestock farming in arid rangelands constitutes a key component in the agricultural sector, particularly in developing countries. Farms have rapidly changed in recent decades, which has resulted in the modification of their structure, management and economic performance. Nowadays, livestock production in arid rangelands is threatened by climate change, coupled with the impact of complex interactions among social, economic and political factors. The present study analyses the main changes that have occurred on farms in the arid rangelands of south Tunisia from 2004 to 2019 and discusses the factors that explain the geographical patterns of such changes. Data were collected through face-to-face questionnaires with 73 farmers in two years (2004 and 2019). Information included farm structure and management, resources use and economic performance. Multivariate statistical methods analysed the differences in farm typologies between dates and the different pathways of change. Results showed that most farms increased herd size and cereal area for feeding the sheep, and reduced the time spent in rangelands. These changes could be partly explained as a response to decreasing gross margins per livestock unit and the deployment of policies fostering the use of agriculture-based feed resources. Despite these general trends, the variability among pathways of change was wide. Few farms kept using rangelands by focusing on sheep or camel production. Small sheep farms intensified the use of off-farm feeds in the north of the study area, where ecological conditions favoured agriculture. Feed supplementation allowed herd size and animal production to increase, with a substantial risk of susceptibility to market fluctuations. The economic results showed that camel farming combined with small ruminant species can lead to a similar profitability to, or even higher than, large farms that focus solely on sheep and rely on feed supplementation. We conclude that the current situation of livestock farming in arid rangelands remains fragile and their long-term viability is uncertain.

Using Strength and Risk Factors to Inform Treatment Typologies Over Time for Men on Community Supervision.

This study examines treatment typologies over time and their relationship to reoffending outcomes. Latent transition analysis was conducted with 6,675 men on community supervision in Alberta, Canada using risk and strength factors measured by the Service Planning Instrument (Orbis Partners, 2003). Three timepoints were assessed: Time 1 = first assessment within 90 days of start of supervision, Time 2 = 3 to 8 months post initial assessment, and Time 3 = 9 to 14 months post initial assessment. Five profiles consistently emerged: Low risk/Low strength profile, Aggressive, complex need/Low strength profile, Moderate risk/Moderate strength profile, Low risk/High strength profile, and Non-aggressive, complex need/Low strength profile. At Time 3, a sixth profile emerged labeled Moderate complex need/Low strength. Profiles characterized as aggressive and those with complex needs had highest rates of reoffending. Results demonstrate the utility of incorporating strengths, mental health needs, and adverse childhood experiences in risk assessment protocols.

Mapping Protective Performance of Social Network Types on Health and Quality of Life in Older People in European Regions.

Objectives: To identify social network profiles using Latent Profile Analysis (LPA), to study the relationships of these profiles with health markers, mental health, quality of life, and cognitive functioning, and to compare profiles across European regions. Methods: 27,272 participants from the Wave 8 of the SHARE project, aged 65 or older (M = 74.95, SD = 7.17) from Europe. Statistical analyses included LPAs followed by MANOVAs to compare the profiles and the health markers. Results: Five profiles were identified: family, friends, spouse, diverse, and others. A no network group was also added. The prevalence of the specific profiles differed across European regions. Individuals with no network and those categorized into the others profile presented the worst health outcomes. Discussion: The "friends" network is more protective toward cognitive functioning and physical health and the "spouse" and "family" ones are more protective toward mental health. The variability according to European regions is discussed.

Personality characteristics in specialist and generalist intimate partner violence perpetrators.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is one of the most common types of violence against women. Although personality disorders have been associated with IPV, perpetration research regarding personality according to the classification specialist/generalist IPV perpetrators is scarce. The general aim of this study was to describe personality in a large sample of IPV Spanish male perpetrators considering their classification (specialist vs. generalist). Participants were 1093 men convicted of IPV crimes whose ages ranged from 18 to 76 years old (M = 40.15; SD = 10.32). Of them, 554 men were classified as specialist perpetrators and 539 men were classified as generalist perpetrators. Participants completed questionnaires regarding sociodemographic and violence aspects as well as the Spanish version of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory III. Generalist perpetrators showed higher means in nearly all the personality disorders scales compared to specialist perpetrators. Prevalence rates in the majority of personality disorders were lower than 5%. Higher scores on the avoidant, histrionic, and self-defeating scales and lower scores on the aggressive, borderline, and drug dependence scales were related to being a specialist perpetrator. This study contributes to a better understanding of personality among generalist and specialist perpetrators.

Perfectionism typologies among undergraduate and graduate students: Prevalence and associations with psychosocial adjustment and academic performance.

Objective: In this study, we examine the prevalence and demographic, academic, and psychosocial correlates of perfectionism typologies among postsecondary students. We focus on a lesser-known typology characterized by low personal standards and moderate self-critical cognitions, which we label "discordant perfectionism." Participants: Our sample of 8,689 students from 15 U.S. institutions was drawn from a larger longitudinal investigation of well-being and academic success. Methods: Students completed self-reported measures of perfectionism, demographics, and psychosocial adjustment in spring 2016. GPA was obtained from registrars in fall 2016. Results: A substantial proportion of students were classified as discordant perfectionists (26.1% of undergraduates, 18.8% of graduate students) with Asian students, men, first-generation undergraduates, and international students overrepresented. Discordant perfectionism was associated with markedly worse outcomes than the other typologies, with the lowest average GPA, subjective well-being, coping self-efficacy, and social connectedness. Conclusions: Discordant perfectionism merits further consideration as a risk factor for postsecondary students.