Description of Intensive Care and Intermediate Care resources managed by Anaesthesiology Departments in Spain and their adaptation capacity during the COVID-19 pandemic.

INTRODUCTION: It is essential to understand the strategic importance of intensive care resources in the sustainable organisation of healthcare systems. Our objective has been to identify the intensive and intermediate care beds managed by Anaesthesiology and Resuscitation Services (A-ICU and A-IMCU) in Spain, their human and technical resources, and the changes made to these resources during the COVID-19 pandemic. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospective observational study performed between December 2020 and July 2021 to register the number and characteristics of A-ICU and A-IMCU beds in hospitals listed in the catalogue published by the Spanish Ministry of Health. RESULTS: Data were obtained from 313 hospitals (98% of all hospitals with more than 500 beds, 70% of all hospitals with more than 100 beds). One hundred and forty seven of these hospitals had an A-ICU with a total of 1702 beds. This capacity increased to 2107 (124%) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Three hundred and eight hospitals had an A-IMCU with a total of 3470 beds, 52.9% (2089) of which provided long-term care. The hospitals had 1900 ventilators, at a ratio of 1.07 respirators per A-ICU; 1559 anaesthesiologists dedicated more than 40% of their working time to intensive care. The nurse-to-bed ratio in A-ICUs was 2.8. DISCUSSION: A large proportion of fully-equipped ICU and IMCU beds in Spanish hospitals are managed by the anaesthesiology service. A-ICU and A-IMCUs have shown an extraordinary capacity to adapt their resources to meet the increased demand for intensive care during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Asociación de tamizaje de riesgo nutricional y riesgo nutricional en el enfermo crítico con días de ventilación mecánica en pacientes críticos / Association of nutritional risk screening and nutritional risk in the critically ill with days of mechanical ventilation in critical patients / Associação de triagem de risco nutricional e risco nutricional em pacientes críticos com dias de ventilação mecânica em pacientes críticos

Resumen: Introducción: A causa del estado proinflamatorio y de catabolismo que los caracteriza, los pacientes críticos tienen un riesgo elevado de presentar malnutrición, lo cual puede, en combinación con otros factores, contribuir a la disfunción de los músculos respiratorios e incrementar la duración de la ventilación mecánica. La herramienta NUTRIC modificada ha mostrado su capacidad de identificar aquellos pacientes críticos con mayor riesgo nutricional y de correlacionarse con los resultados clínicos. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar la puntuación NRS y NUTRIC con los días de ventilación mecánica en pacientes críticos adultos. Material y métodos: Cohorte retrospectiva observacional de 60 pacientes hospitalizados en la UCIA donde se comparó la puntuación NRS y NUTRIC con los días de ventilación mecánica en pacientes críticos adultos. Se utilizaron los registros diarios de pacientes de la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos de Adultos y expedientes electrónicos, de los que se obtuvieron datos demográficos, médicos, puntuación NUTRIC y NRS. Resultados: La edad promedio en este estudio fue 43 ± 18 años, y 63% (38) fue del sexo femenino. El promedio de la puntuación APACHE fue de 19.9 ± 9, y el de la puntuación SOFA de 10.1 ± 4.8. El NUTRIC score tuvo una media de 5 ± 1.9 puntos, y el NRS, de 3.5 ± 1.1 puntos. Los pacientes requirieron de ventilación mecánica en un promedio de 4.6 ± 4.1 días. Conclusión: Se encontró una correlación significativa entre la puntuación NUTRIC score modificado con los días de ventilación mecánica, contrario a lo encontrado al correlacionar con la puntuación NRS. En el grupo de pacientes con puntuación NUTRIC alta tuvo un número significativamente mayor de defunciones, en comparación con aquéllos con puntuación baja.

Abstract: Introduction: Because of the proinflammatory state and catabolism that characterizes the critically ill patients have a high risk of malnutrition, which may, in combination with other factors, contribute to the dysfunction of the respiratory muscles and increase the duration of ventilation mechanics. The modified NUTRIC tool has shown its capacity to identify critically ill patients with greater nutritional risk and to correlate with clinical results. Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the NRS and NUTRIC score with the days of mechanical ventilation in critically ill patients. Material and methods: Observational retrospective cohort of 60 patients hospitalized in the ICU, where the NRS and NUTRIC scores were compared with the days of mechanical ventilation in critically ill patients. Daily records of patients of the Intensive Care Unit of Adults and electronic files were used, from which demographic, medical, NUTRIC and NRS scores were obtained. Results: The average age in this study was 43 ± 18 years, and 63% (38) were female. The average of the APACHE score was 19.9 ± 9, and that of the SOFA score of 10.1 ± 4.8. The NUTRIC score had an average of 5 ± 1.9 points, and the NRS, of 3.5 ± 1.1 points. The patients required mechanical ventilation an average of 4.6 ± 4.1 days. Conclusion: A significant correlation was found between the NUTRIC score modified with the days of mechanical ventilation, contrary to what was found when correlating with the NRS score. In the group of patients with high NUTRIC score had a significantly higher number of deaths, compared with those with low score.

Resumo: Introdução: Por causa do estado pró-inflamatório e catabólico que os caracteriza, os pacientes graves apresentam alto risco de desnutrição, o que pode em combinação com outros fatores contribuir para a disfunção dos músculos respiratórios e aumentar a duração da ventilação mecânica. A ferramenta NUTRIC modificada mostrou sua capacidade de identificar pacientes críticos com maior risco nutricional e correlacionar com os resultados clínicos. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar os escores NRS e NUTRIC com os dias de ventilação mecânica em pacientes adultos em estado críticos. Métodos: Coorte retrospectivo observacional de 60 pacientes internados na UTI, onde os escores NRS e NUTRIC foram comparados com os dias de ventilação mecânica em pacientes adultos em estado crítico. Foram utilizados registros diários dos pacientes da Unidade de Terapia Intensiva de Adultos e arquivos eletrônicos, dos quais foram obtidos os dados demográficos, médicos, escore NUTRIC e NRS. Resultados: A média de idade neste estudo foi de 43 ± 18 anos e 63% (38) eram do sexo feminino. O promédio da pontuação APACHE foi de 19.9 ± 9, e a pontuação SOFA foi de 10.1 ± 4.8. O escore NUTRIC apresentou média de 5 ± 1.9 pontos, e o NRS, de 3.5 ± 1.1 pontos. Os pacientes necessitaram de ventilação mecânica em média 4.6 ± 4.1 dias. Conclusão: Foi encontrada correlação significativa entre a pontuação escore NUTRIC modificado com os dias de ventilação mecânica, ao contrário do que foi encontrado quando correlacionado com o escore NRS. No grupo de pacientes com pontuação NUTRIC alta, houve um número significativamente maior de óbitos comparados àqueles com pontuação baixa.