Organizational Risk Factors and Clinical Impacts of Unplanned Extubation in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the association between organizational factors and unplanned extubation events in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and to evaluate the association between unplanned extubation event and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) among infants born at <29 weeks of gestational age. STUDY DESIGN: This is a retrospective cohort study of infants admitted to a tertiary care NICU between 2016 and 2019. Nursing provision ratios, daily nursing overtime hours/total nursing hours ratio, and unit occupancy were compared between days with and days without unplanned extubation events. The association between unplanned extubation events (with and without reintubation) and the risk of BPD was evaluated in infants born at <29 weeks who required mechanical ventilation using a propensity score-matched cohort. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between exposures and outcomes while adjusting for confounders. RESULTS: On 108 of 1370 days there was ≥1 unplanned extubation event for a total of 116 unplanned extubation event events. Higher median nursing overtime hours (20 hours vs 16 hours) and overtime ratios (3.3% vs 2.5%) were observed on days with an unplanned extubation event compared with days without an unplanned extubation event (P = .01). Overtime ratio was associated with higher adjusted odds of a unplanned extubation event (aOR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.01-1.18). In the subgroup of infants born at <29 weeks, those with an unplanned extubation event who were reintubated had a longer postmatching duration of mechanical ventilation (aOR, 13.06; 95% CI, 4.88-37.69) and odds of BPD (aOR, 2.86; 95% CI, 1.01-8.58) compared with those without an unplanned extubation event. CONCLUSIONS: Nursing overtime ratio is associated with an increased number of unplanned extubation events in the NICU. In infants born at <29 weeks of gestational age, reintubation after an unplanned extubation event is associated with a longer duration of mechanical ventilation and increased risk of BPD.

Neonatal unplanned extubations: an unsolved safety issue / Extubaciones neonatales no programadas: un problema de seguridad no resuelto

Abstract Background: Unplanned extubations are safety events relatively frequent in the neonatal intensive care units (NICU). This study aimed to describe the frequency and characteristics of unplanned extubations in a NICU. Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study of unplanned extubations in the NICU of a tertiary regional referral hospital. We reviewed medical records for data collection and performed the statistical analysis, comparing the cases of unplanned extubations with those in which it did not occur among all the cases that received intubation and invasive neonatal mechanical ventilation. Results: A total of 958 newborns were admitted to the NICU, of which 174 required assistance with invasive mechanical ventilation (18.1%) and 28 experienced unplanned extubations (16.1%): 25 patients with one episode, one with two episodes, and two with three episodes. The rate was 2.93 unplanned extubations for every 100 days of invasive mechanical ventilation in 5 years, with a significant decrease in the last three years (p = 0.0158). We found a statistically significant correlation between a weight < 1500 g and unplanned extubation in the multivariate analysis, although sedation appears to affect its interaction. Conclusions: Unplanned extubations are a relatively frequent problem, although with a tendency to decrease in recent years. The weight of the patients at birth and sedation during ventilation are important factors in this safety problem.

Resumen Introducción: La extubación no programada es un evento de seguridad relativamente frecuente en las unidades de cuidados intensivos neonatales (UCIN). El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer la frecuencia y las características de las extubaciones no programadas en una UCIN. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional retrospectivo de las extubaciones no programadas en la UCIN de un hospital regional de referencia de tercer nivel. Se revisaron las historias clínicas y se realizó el análisis estadístico de los datos, comparando los casos de extubación no programada con aquellos en los que no sucedió entre todos los pacientes que recibieron intubación y ventilación mecánica invasiva neonatal. Resultados: Ingresaron en la UCIN 958 neonatos, de los cuales 174 precisaron asistencia con ventilación mecánica invasiva (18.1%) y 28 tuvieron una extubación no programada (16.1%). De estos, 25 presentaron un episodio, uno presentó dos episodios y dos presentaron tres episodios de extubación no programada. La tasa fue de 2.93 extubaciones no programadas por cada 100 días de ventilación mecánica invasiva en 5 años, con una importante disminución en los últimos 3 años (p = 0.0158). El peso < 1500 g se relacionó con las extubaciones no programadas de forma estadísticamente significativa en el análisis multivariante, aunque la sedación aparece como un factor modificador de efecto a través de su interacción. Conclusiones: Las extubaciones no programadas son un problema relativamente frecuente, aunque con tendencia a disminuir en los últimos años. El peso de los pacientes al nacimiento y la sedación son factores importantes en este problema de seguridad.

Prevalência de extubação não planejada e fatores associados em uma unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal / Prevalence of unplanned extubation and associated factors in a neonatal intensive care unit

Intubação endotraqueal é procedimento comum nas Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatais e tem como evento adverso a extubação não planejada, um incidente grave, associado a morbidade neonatal. OBJETIVO: Verificar a prevalência de extubação não planejada e fatores associados em recém-nascidos submetidos à ventilação mecânica na unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal por condições respiratórias, cardíacas ou por pós-operatório. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, retrospectivo realizado entre março a dezembro de 2017. Os dados foram coletados da ficha de notificação do serviço e incluíram: sexo, peso no momento do evento, comorbidades do paciente, data e hora de ocorrência, condições associadas e conduta pós-extubação. RESULTADOS: Em 38 recém-nascidos em ventilação mecânica foram registrados 72 eventos, a prevalência da extubação não planejada de 4,6%. Entre os fatores identificados, peso inferior a 1.500g foi observado em 20 recém-nascidos (52,6%) e prematuridade em 25 (65,8%). Em 15 recém-nascidos (39,5%) houve mais de um evento/paciente. Peso inferior a 2.500g esteve associado a um risco 6 vezes maior de recorrência do incidente. As condições associadas aos eventos foram agitação motora do recém-nascido (50%), manuseio da cânula endotraqueal (28,3%) e durante procedimentos de rotina do recém-nascido (21,7%). Reintubação foi necessária em 58 casos (80,5%), sendo imediata em 20 (34,5%). CONCLUSÃO: A agitação motora e o manuseio da cânula endotraqueal, portanto, foram os fatores mais associados aos eventos, a recorrência foi mais frequente em recém-nascido com peso inferior a 2.500g. Medidas de prevenção devem incluir o manejo adequado da agitação motora do recém-nascido e implementação de protocolos de manuseio da cânula endotraqueal.

Endotracheal intubation is a common procedure in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) and Unplanned Extubation (UE) is a severe related event, which increases neonatal morbidity. OBJECTIVE: To verify the prevalence of UE and associated factors in newborns submitted to mechanical ventilation (MV). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a cross-sectional retrospective study, including 38 newborns and 72 UE. The collected parameters were: gender, weight at the time of extubation, diagnosis, time of UE, associated conditions and conduct. The statistical analysis included the Fisher's exact test and odds ratio (Statistica®). RESULTS: A total of 72 UE were recorded in 38 newborns, with a rate of 1.561 intubated patients/day and UE prevalence of 4.6%. Weight less than 1,500g was observed in 20 newborns (52.6%) and prematurity in 25 (65.8%) and when it was less than 2500g it was associated with a 6-fold increased risk of recurrent UE. In 15 newborns (39.5%) there was more than one event per patient. The conditions associated with increased UE risk were motor agitation of the newborn (50%), endotracheal tube (ETT) manipulation (28.3%) and routine procedures (21.7%). Reintubation was necessary in 58 cases (80.5%), being immediate in 20 (34.5%). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of UE was high and strongly associated with motor agitation and manipulation of ETT. Its recurrence was more frequent in newborns weighing less than 2,500 g. Therefore, prevention measures should include adequate management of the motor agitation in newborns and implementation of protocols for handling the ETT.

Factors Associated With Unplanned Extubation in Children: A Case-Control Study.

PURPOSE: Although several studies assess unplanned extubation (UE) in children, few have addressed determinants of UE and factors associated with reintubation in a case-controlled manner. We aimed to identify the risk factors and outcomes associated with UE in a pediatric intensive care unit. METHODS: Cases of UE were randomly matched with control patients at a ratio of 1:4 for age, severity of illness, and admission diagnosis. For cases and controls, we also collected data associated with UE events, reintubation, and outcomes. RESULTS: We analyzed 94 UE patients (0.75 UE per 100 intubation days) and found no differences in demographics between the 2 groups. Logistic regression revealed that patient agitation (odds ratio [OR]: 2.44; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.28-4.65), continuous sedation infusion (OR: 3.27; 95% CI: 1.70-6.29), night shifts (OR: 9.16; 95% CI: 4.25-19.72), in-charge nurse experience <2 years (OR: 2.38; 95% CI: 1.13-4.99), and oxygenation index (OI) >5 (OR: 76.9; 95% CI: 16.79-352.47) were associated with UE. Risk factors for reintubation after UE included prior level of sedation (COMFORT score < 27; OR: 7.93; 95% CI: 2.30-27.29), copious secretion (OR: 11.88; 95% CI: 2.20-64.05), and OI > 5 (OR: 9.32; 95% CI: 2.45-35.48). CONCLUSIONS: This case-control study showed that both patient- and nurse-associated risk factors were related to UE. Risk factors associated with reintubation included lower levels of consciousness, copious secretions, and higher OI. Further evidence-based studies, including a larger sample size, are warranted to identify predisposing factors in UEs.

Predicting Reintubation After Unplanned Extubations in Children: Art or Science?

PURPOSE: Reintubation following unplanned extubation (UE) is often required and associated with increased morbidity; however, knowledge of risk factors leading to reintubation and subsequent outcomes in children is still lacking. We sought to determine the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes related to reintubation after UEs. METHODS: All mechanically ventilated children were prospectively tracked for UEs over a 7-year period in a pediatric intensive care unit. For each UE event, data associated with reintubation within 24 hours and outcomes were collected. RESULTS: Of 757 intubated patients, 87 UE occurred out of 11 335 intubation days (0.76 UE/100 intubation days), with 57 (65%) requiring reintubation. Most of the UEs that did not require reintubation were already weaning ventilator settings prior to UE (73%). Univariate analysis showed that younger children (<1 year) required reintubation more frequently after an UE. Patients experiencing UE during weaning experienced significantly fewer reintubations, whereas 90% of patients with full mechanical ventilation support required reintubation. Logistic regression revealed that requirement of full ventilator support (odds ratio: 37.5) and a COMFORT score <26 (odds ratio: 5.5) were associated with UE failure. There were no differences between reintubated and nonreintubated patients regarding the length of hospital stay, ventilator-associated pneumonia rate, need for tracheostomy, and mortality. Cardiovascular and respiratory complications were seen in 33% of the reintubations. CONCLUSION: The rate of reintubation is high in children experiencing UE. Requirement of full ventilator support and a COMFORT score <26 are associated with reintubation. Prospective research is required to better understand the reintubation decisions and needs.

Incidence and Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Collapse After Unplanned Extubations in the Pediatric ICU.

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular collapse is a life-threatening event after unplanned extubations (UEs) in the pediatric ICU (PICU). However, there is a paucity of pediatric studies assessing this complication. We sought to assess the incidence, risk factors, and outcome of cardiovascular collapse after UEs in PICU patients. METHODS: All children who had been mechanically ventilated for ≥12 h were prospectively tracked for UEs over an 8-y period. Subjects were included in the study if they were between ages 1 month and 16 y and had experienced UE. They were analyzed in 2 groups: those with cardiovascular collapse (defined as the need for cardiopulmonary resuscitation or circulatory dysfunction immediately after UE) and those with no cardiovascular collapse. RESULTS: Of the 847 subjects, 109 UEs occurred in 14,293 intubation days (0.76 UEs/100 intubation days), with 21 subjects (19.2%) experiencing cardiovascular collapse, of which 10 required cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Compared with subjects without cardiovascular collapse after UE, children with cardiovascular collapse were younger (<6 months old), with respiratory failure from lower respiratory tract diseases, lower PaO2/FIO2 (218 vs 282 mm Hg), and higher oxygenation indices (5.5 vs 3.5) before UE events. Logistic regression revealed that only an age ≤6 months old was strongly associated with cardiovascular collapse (odds ratio 3.4, P = .03). There were no differences between cardiovascular collapse and non-cardiovascular collapse subjects regarding the length of hospital stay, ventilator-associated pneumonia rate, and mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Cardiovascular collapse is a frequent complication of UEs, particularly in the youngest children. Specific bundles to prevent UEs may reduce morbidity related to these events.

Impact of a quality improvement intervention on the incidence of unplanned extubations in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit / Impacto de una intervención de mejora de calidad sobre la incidencia de extubaciones no planeadas en una unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátricos

Introduction. An unplanned extubation (UEX) is a frequent and preventable adverse event of mechanical ventilation. Objectives. To fnd out the causes of unplanned extubation and assess the use of a quality improvement intervention to reduce this event rate. Population. Patients with invasive mechanical ventilation for more than 12 hours over the period from May 1st 2010 and April 30th 2011 in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). Design. Uncontrolled, before and after study. A quality improvement intervention was used over the period between November 2010 and April 2011, which included training PICU staff, establishing standards to fx the endotracheal tube and control its fxation. Results. There were 395 patients admitted to the PICU, 262 (66%) were on mechanical ventilation for more than 12 hours. A total of 27 patients had 30 UEX events: 22 during the period between May and October 2010, and 8 during the period between November 2010 and April 2011. The most common causes of UEX were incorrect fxation of the endotracheal tube (n= 11) and the use of a procedure of care (n= 11). Patients with UEX required additional days on mechanical ventilation: 7 (3-15.5) versus 5 (2-8) days; p= 0.077 and hospitalization: 9.5 (5-19) versus 7 (4-10) days; p= 0.049. During the implementation of the quality improvement intervention, the mean incidence of UEX decreased from 2.30 (95% CI: 1.12-3.49) to 0.86 (95% CI: 0.27-1.44) per 100 days of mechanical ventilation (p= 0.037). Conclusions. The most common causes of UEX were the incorrect fxation of the endotracheal tube and the use of a procedure of care. The implementation of a quality improvement intervention reduced the incidence of UEX.

Introducción. Las extubaciones no planeadas (ENP) son eventos adversos frecuentes y prevenibles de la ventilación mecánica. Objetivos. Conocer las causas de las extubaciones no planeadas y evaluar la utilidad de la aplicación de una intervención de mejora de la calidad para disminuir ese evento. Población. Pacientes con ventilación mecánica invasiva durante más de 12 horas durante el período comprendido entre el 1 de mayo del 2010 y el 30 de abril del 2011 en una unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátricos (UCIP). Diseño. Estudio antes-después no controlado. Se aplicó una intervención de mejora de calidad en el período noviembre de 2010-abril de 2011 que incluyó capacitación del personal de la UCIP, estandarización de la fjación del tubo endotraqueal y control de la fjación. Resultados. Ingresaron en la UCIP 395 pacientes, 262 (66%) recibieron ventilación mecánica durante más de 12 horas. Presentaron 30 episodios de ENP 27 pacientes: 22 durante el período mayo a octubre de 2010, y 8 durante el período noviembre de 2010-abril de 2011. Las causas más frecuentes fueron la incorrecta fjación del tubo endotraqueal (n= 11) y la realización de un procedimiento de atención y cuidado (n= 11). Los pacientes que la presentaron requirieron más días de ventilación mecánica: 7 (3 a 15,5) contra 5 (2 a 8) días; p= 0,077 y de internación: 9,5 (5 a 19) contra 7 (4 a 10) días; p= 0,049. Durante la intervención de mejora de la calidad la incidencia media de ENP disminuyó de 2,30 (IC 95% 1,12 a 3,49) a 0,86 (IC 95% 0,27 a 1,44) por 100 días de ventilación mecánica (p= 0,037). Conclusiones. Las causas más frecuentes de ENP fueron la incorrecta fjación del tubo endotraqueal y la realización de procedimientos de atención y cuidado. La implementación de una intervención de mejora de la calidad disminuyó la incidencia de ENP.

Impact of a quality improvement intervention on the incidence of unplanned extubations in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit / Impacto de una intervención de mejora de calidad sobre la incidencia de extubaciones no planeadas en una unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátricos

Introduction. An unplanned extubation (UEX) is a frequent and preventable adverse event of mechanical ventilation. Objectives. To fnd out the causes of unplanned extubation and assess the use of a quality improvement intervention to reduce this event rate. Population. Patients with invasive mechanical ventilation for more than 12 hours over the period from May 1st 2010 and April 30th 2011 in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). Design. Uncontrolled, before and after study. A quality improvement intervention was used over the period between November 2010 and April 2011, which included training PICU staff, establishing standards to fx the endotracheal tube and control its fxation. Results. There were 395 patients admitted to the PICU, 262 (66%) were on mechanical ventilation for more than 12 hours. A total of 27 patients had 30 UEX events: 22 during the period between May and October 2010, and 8 during the period between November 2010 and April 2011. The most common causes of UEX were incorrect fxation of the endotracheal tube (n= 11) and the use of a procedure of care (n= 11). Patients with UEX required additional days on mechanical ventilation: 7 (3-15.5) versus 5 (2-8) days; p= 0.077 and hospitalization: 9.5 (5-19) versus 7 (4-10) days; p= 0.049. During the implementation of the quality improvement intervention, the mean incidence of UEX decreased from 2.30 (95% CI: 1.12-3.49) to 0.86 (95% CI: 0.27-1.44) per 100 days of mechanical ventilation (p= 0.037). Conclusions. The most common causes of UEX were the incorrect fxation of the endotracheal tube and the use of a procedure of care. The implementation of a quality improvement intervention reduced the incidence of UEX.(AU)

Introducción. Las extubaciones no planeadas (ENP) son eventos adversos frecuentes y prevenibles de la ventilación mecánica. Objetivos. Conocer las causas de las extubaciones no planeadas y evaluar la utilidad de la aplicación de una intervención de mejora de la calidad para disminuir ese evento. Población. Pacientes con ventilación mecánica invasiva durante más de 12 horas durante el período comprendido entre el 1 de mayo del 2010 y el 30 de abril del 2011 en una unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátricos (UCIP). Diseño. Estudio antes-después no controlado. Se aplicó una intervención de mejora de calidad en el período noviembre de 2010-abril de 2011 que incluyó capacitación del personal de la UCIP, estandarización de la fjación del tubo endotraqueal y control de la fjación. Resultados. Ingresaron en la UCIP 395 pacientes, 262 (66%) recibieron ventilación mecánica durante más de 12 horas. Presentaron 30 episodios de ENP 27 pacientes: 22 durante el período mayo a octubre de 2010, y 8 durante el período noviembre de 2010-abril de 2011. Las causas más frecuentes fueron la incorrecta fjación del tubo endotraqueal (n= 11) y la realización de un procedimiento de atención y cuidado (n= 11). Los pacientes que la presentaron requirieron más días de ventilación mecánica: 7 (3 a 15,5) contra 5 (2 a 8) días; p= 0,077 y de internación: 9,5 (5 a 19) contra 7 (4 a 10) días; p= 0,049. Durante la intervención de mejora de la calidad la incidencia media de ENP disminuyó de 2,30 (IC 95% 1,12 a 3,49) a 0,86 (IC 95% 0,27 a 1,44) por 100 días de ventilación mecánica (p= 0,037). Conclusiones. Las causas más frecuentes de ENP fueron la incorrecta fjación del tubo endotraqueal y la realización de procedimientos de atención y cuidado. La implementación de una intervención de mejora de la calidad disminuyó la incidencia de ENP.(AU)

Unplanned extubation in the neonatal ICU: a systematic review, critical appraisal, and evidence-based recommendations.

OBJECTIVE: To update the state of knowledge on unplanned extubations (UEs) in neonatal ICUs. This review focuses on the following topics: incidence, risk factors, reintubation after UE, outcomes, and prevention. METHODS: The MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scielo, Lilacs, and Cochrane databases were searched for relevant publications from January 1, 1950, through January 30, 2012. Fifteen articles were selected for data abstraction. The search strategy included the following key words: "unplanned extubation," "accidental extubation," "self extubation," "unintentional extubation," "unexpected extubation," "inadvertent extubation," "unintended extubation," "spontaneous extubation," "treatment interference," and "airway accident." Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Grades of recommendation were assessed according to the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine's levels of evidence system. Studies with Newcastle-Ottawa scale score ≥ 5 that included appropriate statistical analysis were deemed of high methodological quality. RESULTS: The overall mean Newcastle-Ottawa scale score was 3.5. UE rates ranged from 0.14 to 5.3 UEs/100 intubation days, or 1% to 80.8%. Risk factors included restlessness/agitation (13-89%), poor fixation of endotracheal tube (8.5-31%), tube manipulation at the time of UE (17-30%), and performance of a patient procedure at bedside (27.5-51%). One study showed that every day on mechanical ventilation increased the UE risk 3% (relative risk 1.03, P < .001). The association between birth weight/gestational age and UE is controversial. Reintubation rates ranged from 8.3% to 100%. There is still a gap of information about strategies addressed to reduce the incidence of UE. The best method of endotracheal tube securement remains a controversial issue. CONCLUSIONS: Despite numerous publications on UE, there are few studies assessing preventive strategies for adverse events and there is a lack of randomized clinical trials. Recommendations are proposed based on the current available literature.

Estrategia de intervención para disminuir la incidencia de extubación no planeada en una unidad pediátrica de cuidados críticos: estudio antes después / Intervention strategy to reduce unplanned extubation incidence in a pediatric intensive care unit: a before-after study

INTRODUCCION: Mejorar la calidad en el cuidado del paciente es un objetivo prioritario en la práctica médica. Estudios recientes centran su atención en reducir los acontecimientos adversos para la mejora continua del cuidado médico. Para ello se deben identificar los potenciales eventos adversos y tratar los factores que contribuyen a generarlos. La extubación no planeada (ENP) representa un acontecimiento adverso frecuente de la ventilación mecánica (VM), 0,11 a 2,4 cada 100 días de VM. Se trata mayormente de un hecho prevenible y susceptible de reducirse con la implementación de estrategias de mejora continua de la calidad.OBJETIVO: Implementar una intervención para disminuir la tasa estandarizada de ENP y evaluar su cumplimiento en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos.METODOS: La estrategia consistió en estandarizar procedimientos (fijación de tubo endotraqueal (TET), sedación y destete de VM), desarrollar un programa educativo con evaluación y registrar el evento post-intervención. Se comparó la tasa estandarizada de ENP con dos poblaciones: un grupo pre-intervención (grupo histórico/control) y un grupo post-intervención. Se evaluó el cumplimiento de la estrategia.RESULTADOS: Se capacitó al 80% del personal para la aplicación de la intervención en 8 talleres, cuya evaluación fue muy satisfactoria. El cumplimiento de la estrategia fue de entre el 86 y el 99%. Se incluyó a 136 pacientes en el grupo post-intervención y a 160 en el grupo pre-intervención. No hubo diferencias poblacionales significativas entre los grupos. La tasa estandarizada de ENP fue de 0,41 y 1,28 respectivamente. La diferencia de la tasa entre grupos resultó altamente significativa (p << 0,05).CONCLUSIONES: EN la población de pacientes pediátricos ventilados de la unidad, la implementación y el cumplimiento de la estrategia de prevención de ENP logró disminuir la tasa de incidencia del evento entre los períodos pre y pos intervención en forma significativa.

INTRODUCTION: Improvement of health care quality is a priority objective in medical practice. REcent studies centered their attention in reducing adverse events to achieve better results. Potential adverse events and their provoking factors must be identifies and treated to minimize their occurrence. Unplanned extubation (UEX) is a common adverse event of mechanical ventilation (MV) (from 0.11 to 2.4 per 100 days of MV), most of them avoidable.OBJECTIVE: To put into practice an intervention to reduce the standardized rate of UEX and evaluate its performance in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit.METHODS: The strategy consisted in standarizing procedures (endotracheal tube setting, sedation and weaning from mechanical ventilation), developing an educational program with evaluation and recording the post-intervention event. The study included a comparison between the standardized rate of UEX in two populations: pre-intervention group (historical control group) and post intervention group. The performance of the strategy was evaluated.RESULTS: 80% of the staff was trained to implement the intervention in 8 workshops, whose evaluation was very satisfactory. Compliance with the planned strategy was between 86 and 99%. 136 patients were included in the post-intervention group and 160 in the pre-intervention group. There were no signficant population differences between the groups. The standardized rate of UEX was 0.41 and 1.28, respectively. The rate difference between groups was highly significant (p <<0,05).CONCLUSIONS: In the pediatric ventilated population patients in the unit, the implementation of a prevention strategy of UEX managed to highly reduce the incidence of the event between pre and post intervention periods.

Estrategia de intervención para disminuir la incidencia de extubación no planeada en una unidad pediátrica de cuidados críticos: estudio antes después / Intervention strategy to reduce unplanned extubation incidence in a pediatric intensive care unit: a before-after study

INTRODUCCION: Mejorar la calidad en el cuidado del paciente es un objetivo prioritario en la práctica médica. Estudios recientes centran su atención en reducir los acontecimientos adversos para la mejora continua del cuidado médico. Para ello se deben identificar los potenciales eventos adversos y tratar los factores que contribuyen a generarlos. La extubación no planeada (ENP) representa un acontecimiento adverso frecuente de la ventilación mecánica (VM), 0,11 a 2,4 cada 100 días de VM. Se trata mayormente de un hecho prevenible y susceptible de reducirse con la implementación de estrategias de mejora continua de la calidad.OBJETIVO: Implementar una intervención para disminuir la tasa estandarizada de ENP y evaluar su cumplimiento en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos.METODOS: La estrategia consistió en estandarizar procedimientos (fijación de tubo endotraqueal (TET), sedación y destete de VM), desarrollar un programa educativo con evaluación y registrar el evento post-intervención. Se comparó la tasa estandarizada de ENP con dos poblaciones: un grupo pre-intervención (grupo histórico/control) y un grupo post-intervención. Se evaluó el cumplimiento de la estrategia.RESULTADOS: Se capacitó al 80% del personal para la aplicación de la intervención en 8 talleres, cuya evaluación fue muy satisfactoria. El cumplimiento de la estrategia fue de entre el 86 y el 99%. Se incluyó a 136 pacientes en el grupo post-intervención y a 160 en el grupo pre-intervención. No hubo diferencias poblacionales significativas entre los grupos. La tasa estandarizada de ENP fue de 0,41 y 1,28 respectivamente. La diferencia de la tasa entre grupos resultó altamente significativa (p << 0,05).CONCLUSIONES: EN la población de pacientes pediátricos ventilados de la unidad, la implementación y el cumplimiento de la estrategia de prevención de ENP logró disminuir la tasa de incidencia del evento entre los períodos pre y pos intervención en forma significativa.

INTRODUCTION: Improvement of health care quality is a priority objective in medical practice. REcent studies centered their attention in reducing adverse events to achieve better results. Potential adverse events and their provoking factors must be identifies and treated to minimize their occurrence. Unplanned extubation (UEX) is a common adverse event of mechanical ventilation (MV) (from 0.11 to 2.4 per 100 days of MV), most of them avoidable.OBJECTIVE: To put into practice an intervention to reduce the standardized rate of UEX and evaluate its performance in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit.METHODS: The strategy consisted in standarizing procedures (endotracheal tube setting, sedation and weaning from mechanical ventilation), developing an educational program with evaluation and recording the post-intervention event. The study included a comparison between the standardized rate of UEX in two populations: pre-intervention group (historical control group) and post intervention group. The performance of the strategy was evaluated.RESULTS: 80% of the staff was trained to implement the intervention in 8 workshops, whose evaluation was very satisfactory. Compliance with the planned strategy was between 86 and 99%. 136 patients were included in the post-intervention group and 160 in the pre-intervention group. There were no signficant population differences between the groups. The standardized rate of UEX was 0.41 and 1.28, respectively. The rate difference between groups was highly significant (p <<0,05).CONCLUSIONS: In the pediatric ventilated population patients in the unit, the implementation of a prevention strategy of UEX managed to highly reduce the incidence of the event between pre and post intervention periods.