ABSTRACT
Jordan energy sector is characterized by the high dependency on imported energy and high growth rate of energy demands. The location of Jordan in a conflict hot spot makes the energy security of high interest for the Jordanian policy maker. This article investigates the impact of regional conflicts on Jordanian energy sector and tracks the development of electricity system security before and after the first wave of Arab uprising and the turmoil associated with it. An electricity sector security framework consisting of eleven indices is built based on Stirling four properties of energy security, which are durability, stability, robustness and resilience. The framework is used to compare the security of the system in 2018 with 2010. This article argues that the development in the security during the study period is a response of the Arab uprising based on authoritarian learning phenomena. The results are validated by comparing the expected generation costs and CO2 emissions based on actual development with development scenarios found in literature. A forecasting model is reproduced for this purpose. The results of the forecasting model support the conclusion reached by the security framework. This is due to the responsive policies followed by the Jordanian government and the grants given by Gulf countries to enhance Jordan's stability. It was concluded that even a specific conflict can have negative impacts on the energy sector in a neighboring country in short terms, it can have positive impacts in medium and long term if a rational and sustainable response plan is adopted.
ABSTRACT
June 16, 1976, marks the Soweto Youth Student Uprising in South Africa. A harrowing image capturing police brutality from that day comprises of 18-year-old Mbuyisa Makhubu carrying a dying 12-year-old Hector Peterson. This circulated international press and contributed to world pressure against the apartheid government. This elevated Makhubu's profile with the national security police and forced him to flee to Botswana, then Nigeria, before disappearing in 1978. In 1988, Victor Vinnetou illegally entered Canada and was later arrested on immigration charges in 2004. Evasive of his true identity, the Canadian Border Services Agency and Makhubu's family believe Vinnetou is Makhubu, linking them by a characteristic moon-shaped birthmark on his left chest. A performed DNA test however, was inconclusive. Following the continued 40-year mystery, Eye Witness News in 2016 requested further investigation. Using a limited series of portrait images, a forensic facial comparison (FFC) was conducted utilising South African Police Service (SAPS) protocols and Facial Identification Scientific Working Group (FISWG) guidelines. The images provided, presented a substantial time-lapse and generally low resolution, while being taken from irregular angles and distances, with different subject poses, orientations and environments. This enforced the use of a morphological analysis; a primary method of FFC that develops conclusions based on subjective observations. The results were fundamentally inconclusive, but multiple similarities and valid explanations for visible differences were identified. To enhance the investigation, visual evidence of the moon-shaped birthmark and further DNA analysis is required.
Subject(s)
Aging/physiology , Anatomic Landmarks , Face/anatomy & histology , Forensic Sciences/methods , Photography , Face/physiology , Humans , Male , South AfricaABSTRACT
Resumo Analisa a viagem do britânico George Gardner ao Brasil durante os anos 1830. Após se graduar em história natural pela Universidade de Glasgow, influenciado por seu professor e por leituras de naturalistas de seu tempo, Gardner embarcou para o Brasil em março de 1836, chegando ao Rio de Janeiro dois meses depois. O artigo apresenta suas impressões sobre a escravidão no Brasil, procurando desvendar o universo simbólico de uma representação dramática descrita por ele, ocorrida em uma fazenda do Rio de Janeiro no dia de Natal. Desvelando a escravidão negra em seus circuitos atlânticos, comparamos o evento com outros semelhantes ocorridos no Brasil e em Trinidad e Tobago.
Abstract This article analyzes the English botanist George Gardner's trip to Brazil during the 1830s. After graduating from the University of Glasgow Gardner was influenced by his teacher and by readings of contemporary naturalists and set off for Brazil in March of 1836, arriving two months later in Rio de Janeiro. The article presents Gardner's impressions of slavery in Brazil, in an attempt to unveil the symbolic universe of a play he witnessed and described, which took place on a farm in Rio de Janeiro on Christmas night. By describing black slavery in its routes across the Atlantic, we compare this event with other similar happenings in Brazil and in Trinidad and Tobago.
Subject(s)
Humans , History, 19th Century , Enslavement , Brazil , History, 19th Century , ExpeditionsABSTRACT
Resumo: Reflexão sobre a tática e a estratégia anticapitalista em um contexto de vigência do modelo democrático-popular de gestão dos conflitos sociais. Com base na análise de lutas autônomas recentemente ocorridas no Brasil, conclui-se que a fragmentação constitui uma condição de nosso tempo histórico e, a partir dessa constatação, aventam-se algumas hipóteses de análise acerca do caráter contraditório das soluções postas em prática pela esquerda, em especial depois da revolta popular de junho de 2013.
Abstract: Thoughts about the anti-capitalist tactic and strategy in a context of popular democratic model validity of social conflict management. From the analysis of autonomous conflicts recently occurred in Brazil, we conclude that fragmentation is a condition of our historical period, and, from that finding, we suggest some analysis hypotheses about the contradictory character of the solutions implemented by the left, mainly after the popular uprising in June 2013.
ABSTRACT
The evidence that demonstrates the negative effects of maternal psychological stress during pregnancy on a wide variety of offspring outcomes is growing. Animal studies suggest that negative influences of maternal stress during pregnancy persist across multiple generations, but the direct evidence to confirm that the effect is present among human populations is scarce. This study draws evidence on the intergenerational influences of maternal stress from the Kwangju uprising (May 18-27, 1980), arguably the bloodiest incident that occurred in South Korea since the end of the Korean War in 1953. The results of difference-in-difference estimations suggest that in utero exposure to the Kwangju uprising significantly diminished the offspring birth weight and length of gestation, and increased the risks of low birth weight and preterm birth. Exposure to stress during the second trimester of pregnancy exerted the strongest negative effect on grandchildren's birth outcomes.
Subject(s)
Maternal Exposure/adverse effects , Pregnancy Outcome/epidemiology , Stress, Psychological/epidemiology , Violence , Birth Weight , Female , Humans , Male , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Trimesters , Premature Birth , Republic of Korea/epidemiology , Socioeconomic FactorsABSTRACT
PURPOSE: This study was conducted to define the experiences of nursing activities in Gwangju area during the May 18 (5 . 18) Democratic Uprising over 30 years ago. METHODS: Data were collected in 2010 and 2011 through individual in-depth interviews. Ten nurses who worked in general hospitals in the Gwangju area during the 5 . 18 Democratic Uprising were interviewed using open-ended questions. Each interview lasted about 2~3 hours. Verbatim transcripts were analyzed using Van Kaam's method of phenomenological analysis. RESULTS: Four categories emerged from the analysis: anxiety about the incident which was experienced for the first time; progress of the 5 . 18 events and relationship to participants; changes in nursing environment; retrospection and wishes related to the 5 . 18 incident. CONCLUSION: This oral history study revealed more clearly of the experiences of nursing activities in the Gwangju area during the 5 . 18 Democratic Uprising. The data may provide a basis for writing history nursing in the community, and can be a basis for guidelines covering nursing care in crisis.
