Los servicios de odontología en los tiempos del COVID- 19 en Colombia: análisis de país

Se desconoce el impacto que produjo la pandemia por el COVID-19 en la prestación y en la consulta de los servicios odontológicos y analizados según el sistema integrado de protección social o SISPRO en Colombia. El objetivo fue Determinar los cambios en la cobertura y los patrones de atención odontológica, entre los años pre pandemia (2017-2019) y los años de pandemia (2020-2021). Se analizaron los registros de las atenciones odontológicas reportadas en el sistema SISPRO del Ministerio de Salud de Colombia en periodos prepandemia y postpandemia por el COVID-19. En el año 2019 la tasa de cobertura por cada 100 habitantes en el estudio era de 31,14; sin embargo, la cobertura de atención odontológica se redujo al 17% en el 2020 y al 9% en el 2021 y las atenciones de urgencias disminuyeron drásticamente en los años 2020 y en el 2021. Se requiere que los tomadores de decisión promuevan los servicios de odontología para recuperar los niveles de cobertura previos a la pandemia. Se identificó una disminución en la cobertura odontológica asociada a la pandemia de la COVID-19 en los años 2020 y 2021 y desconocen cuales son los posibles efectos en la morbilidad bucal de los Colombianos.

Introduction. The COVID-19 pandemic affected Colombian dental services from March 2019 to now, but its magnitude is unknown. Objective. To determine dental care coverage in Colombia during the pandemic period and compare these data with the pre-pandemic period 2017-2019. Methods. Dental coverage and consultation services registered in the "Sistema Integrado de Protección Social" or SISPRO from 2017 to 2021 were analyzed. Results. The whole dental service coverage rate was nearly 20% before Covid-19 pandemic and even registered a slight increase from 2017 to 2018 at national and at department levels. This dental national coverage was 31,14% for every 100 habitants in 2019. However, there was a sharp reduction to 17% in 2020 and to 9% in 2021, revealing a clear and negative impact of the pandemic in dental coverage services and in dental emergency services. Conclusion. A decrease in dental coverage during to the COVID-19 pandemic is revealed, with a concomitant reduction in dental emergency consultations during 2020 and 2021 at country level. The consequences of this disruption on the oral and dental epidemiological profile of Colombians is still unknown and might require urgent preventive, promotional and curative care actions to recover the pre-pandemic dental coverage levels.

Rationale and study design for an Individualized PeriopeRative Open lung VEntilatory approach in Emergency Abdominal Laparotomy/scopy: study protocol for a prospective international randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPC) are the most frequent postoperative complications, with an estimated prevalence in elective surgery ranging from 20% in observational cohort studies to 40% in randomized clinical trials. However, the prevalence of PPCs in patients undergoing emergency abdominal surgery is not well defined. Lung-protective ventilation aims to minimize ventilator-induced lung injury and reduce PPCs. The open lung approach (OLA), which combines recruitment manoeuvres (RM) and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) titration, aims to minimize areas of atelectasis and the development of PPCs; however, there is no conclusive evidence in the literature that OLA can prevent PPCs. The purpose of this study is to compare an individualized perioperative OLA with conventional standardized lung-protective ventilation in patients undergoing emergency abdominal surgery with clinical signs of intraoperative lung collapse. METHODS: Randomized international clinical trial to compare an individualized perioperative OLA (RM plus individualized PEEP and individualized postoperative respiratory support) with conventional lung-protective ventilation (standard PEEP of 5 cmH2O and conventional postoperative oxygen therapy) in patients undergoing emergency abdominal surgery with clinical signs of lung collapse. Patients will be randomised to open-label parallel groups. The primary outcome is any severe PPC during the first 7 postoperative days, including: acute respiratory failure, pneumothorax, weaning failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and pulmonary infection. The estimated sample size is 732 patients (366 per group). The final sample size will be readjusted during the interim analysis. DISCUSSION: The Individualized Perioperative Open-lung Ventilatory Strategy in emergency abdominal laparotomy (iPROVE-EAL) is the first multicentre, randomized, controlled trial to investigate whether an individualized perioperative approach prevents PPCs in patients undergoing emergency surgery.

Cooperación entre médicos del departamento de emergencias y dermatólogos por telemedicina / Cooperation between emergency department physicians and dermatologists via telemedicine

Las intercurrencias dermatológicas agudas son un motivo de consulta frecuente a las centrales de emergencias, y generalmente los médicos de atención primaria se ocupan del primer nivel de atención. Puede ser necesaria una interconsulta con expertos, aunque no siempre estén disponibles. Ante la necesidad de facilitar dicha interacción a distancia, en Julio 2022 se implementó una herramienta de teledermatología en un hospital de alta complejidad en Buenos Aires, Argentina. Este servicio se limitó a días hábiles con horario restringido, permitiendo la comunicación entre médicos del departamento de emergencias y dermatólogos, a través de WhatsApp institucional. El dermatólogo podía verificar datos de salud relacionados al paciente (ej: comorbilidades y medicación crónica) mediante revisión de la historia clínica electrónica, para decidir sobre un plan de acción. Se evaluó la perspectiva de los usuarios a través de un formulario electrónico tras 3 meses de implementación. Los resultados evidenciaron que la mayoría (85%) de los profesionales conocía la herramienta, y el 57% la había usado al menos una vez. Se obtuvo una mediana de 9 puntos (de una escala de Likert del 1 al 10) sobre la recomendación hacia otro profesional. El teletriage dermatológico resultó beneficioso y fue aceptado, tanto por médicos de guardia como por especialistas. Ante las demoras en la atención ambulatoria, ha resultado una alternativa útil para evitar derivaciones innecesarias y/o acelerar aquellas que verdaderamente lo ameritan. Sin embargo, representa una forma de comunicación informal desde el punto de vista de almacenamiento de datos. Será necesario reflexionar sobre estos tópicos pendientes de esta experiencia asistencial como legalidad, seguridad y confidencialidad (AU)

Acute skin conditions are a frequent reason for consultation in emergency departments, and primary care physicians generally handle them. They might require referrals to experts, who are not always readily available. Recognizing the need to facilitate such interactions remotely, a teledermatology triage tool was implemented in July 2022 at a high-complexity hospital in Buenos Aires, Argentina. The service was limited to business days with restricted hours, enabling communication between emergency department physicians and dermatologists through institutional WhatsApp. Dermatologists could access patient-related health data (e.g., comorbidities and chronic medication) through the electronic medical record to determine an appropriate course of action. The perspective of users was evaluated through an electronic questionnaire after three months of application. Results showed that most professionals were aware of the tool (85%), and 57% used it at least once. The median rating for recommending the tool to other professionals was 9 points (on a Likert scale from 1 to 10). Dermatological teletriage proved beneficial and was well-received by emergency physicians and specialists. In the face of delays in outpatient care, it has been a useful alternative to avoid unnecessary referrals and expedite those that are warranted. However, it represents an informal method of communication with regard to data storage. It will be necessary to rethink on improvements in pending topics such as legal limitations, security, and confidentiality of this healthcare experience (AU)

Curso de posgrado para estomatólogos sobre urgencias médicas durante la práctica profesional

Introducción: Durante la práctica estomatológica pueden presentarse urgencias médicas relacionadas con los procederes realizados o las enfermedades de base de los pacientes; sin embargo, existen deficiencias en la atención a estos afectados. Objetivo: Exponer las generalidades del curso de posgrado para estomatólogos sobre urgencias médicas durante la práctica profesional y los criterios emitidos por sus participantes. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación descriptiva de corte pedagógico, donde participaron 62 estudiantes de la Facultad de Estomatología de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana, desde noviembre del 2018 hasta diciembre del 2022. Se analizaron las siguientes variables: temas, objetivos y sistema de conocimientos y habilidades. Además, se utilizó la técnica de positivo, negativo e interesante. Resultados: Este curso contó con 5 temas: el primero, dedicado a las generalidades de las urgencias médicas más frecuentes durante la atención estomatológica y las características particulares en la confección de historia clínica; el segundo y el tercero, a los factores de riesgo y a la atención a estas urgencias; el cuarto, al uso de medicamentos y las posibles interacciones y, el quinto, a experiencias clínicas. Los educandos aportaron criterios positivos, negativos e interesantes. Conclusiones: El curso diseñado ofreció conocimientos y habilidades al educando, que no se proporcionan en las asignaturas de pregrado y posgrado de las especialidades, lo cual contribuyó a mejorar la atención estomatológica integral de los pacientes. Los participantes aportaron criterios favorables sobre la estructura, la pertinencia y el valor científico de dicho curso.

Introduction: During stomatological practice, medical emergencies can be presented related to the procedures carried out or the patients' underlying diseases; however, there are deficiencies in the care to them. Objective: To expose the generalities of the postgraduate course for stomatologists about medical emergencies during the professional practice and the criteria emitted by their participants. Methods: A descriptive pedagogic investigation was carried out, where 62 students from the Faculty of Stomatology of the University of Medical Sciences in Havana participated, since November, 2018 to December, 2022. The following variables were analyzed: topics, objectives and system of knowledge and abilities. Also, the technique of positive, negative and interesting was used. Results: This course had 5 topics: the first one, dedicated to the most frequent medical emergencies generalities during dental care and the particular characteristics when making the medical record; the second and third topics were dedicated to the risk factors and care to these emergencies; the fourth, to the use of medications and possible interactions and, the fifth, to clinical experiences. The students contributed positive, negative and interesting criteria. Conclusions: The designed course offered knowledge and abilities to the student that are not provided in undergraduate and postgraduate subjects of the specialties, which contributed to improve the comprehensive dental care of patients. The participants offered favorable criteria about the structure, relevance and scientific value of this course.

Comunicação eficaz na transição de cuidados de enfermagem à pessoa em situação crítica, no serviço de urgência ­ implementação da metodologia ISBAR / Effective communication in the transition of nursing care to the critically ill person in the emergency department - implementation of the ISBAR methodology

A segurança dos doentes nos serviços de saúde, foi sempre uma preocupação dos gestores em saúde. Um dos aspetos que a pode comprometer, é a transferência de cuidados do doente entre os profissionais responsáveis por ele. Seja nas passagens de turno, ou transferências intra e inter-hospitalares. É essencial que seja estabelecida uma comunicação eficaz, de modo a assegurar a fluidez de assunção de cuidados e responsabilidades. Estes pressupostos evitam a ocorrência de efeitos adversos, de eventuais atrasos no diagnóstico e tratamentos, que podem dar origem a atrasos no restabelecimento da pessoa em situação crítica. Objetivos: Conhecer a perceção dos enfermeiros do Serviço de Urgência (SU), relativamente à informação transmitida durante as passagens de turno. Tornar mais eficaz a comunicação interpares, e garantir, como consequência, a segurança e a melhoria dos cuidados de enfermagem, nos momentos de transição de doentes, no SU. Metodologia: Trabalho realizado com base na metodologia investigação-ação, dividido em três processos metodológicos parcelares e consecutivos. Primeiramente, foi aplicado um questionário, a 59 enfermeiros em SU, com prestação direta de cuidados à pessoa em situação crítica. No segundo momento, foi realizado um diagnóstico de situação com a aplicação do Guia de Observação, durante os momentos de passagem de turno. No terceiro momento, após a análise dos resultados emergentes do Guia de Observação, foi criado, e implementado, o instrumento estruturado para aplicar nas passagens de turno, baseado na metodologia Identify, Situation, Background, Assessment e Recommendation (ISBAR), e aplicado novamente o Guia de Observação, para estudo de eficácia e/ou eficiência trazida por este instrumento. Resultados: A perceção dos enfermeiros sobre a comunicação durante as passagens de turno é favorável em relação à maioria dos aspetos abordados. Estes valorizaram a comunicação no contexto da equipa multidisciplinar, e aspetos relacionados com a importância da formação e da experiência profissional com a qualidade da comunicação. A perceção favorável do enfermeiro traduz-se no elevado nível de situações significativas (70 a 90%) que cerca de 80% enfermeiros reportam conseguir transmitir durante a passagem de turno. 36% dos participantes apontam a necessidade de melhorias, 65% relacionadas com a organização do processo de transição de cuidados e 45% com o problema das interrupções. Após a implementação da metodologia ISBAR nas passagens de turno, houve uma melhoria em vários aspetos, como se depreende da percentagem média de conformidade ser cerca de 69%, tendo melhorado cerca de 48%. O tempo de transmissão de informação aumentou, em média, 0,4 minutos por doente. Conclusão: Os resultados do presente trabalho apontam uma perspetiva favorável da perceção dos enfermeiros sobre a comunicação durante a passagem de turno, ainda que alguns aspetos tenham margem para melhoria, relacionados com a objetividade e pertinência da informação, e com a necessidade de ter um contexto calmo que favoreça a concentração, logo sem interrupções. Este contexto é, por sua vez, facilitador da mudança, como se veio a verificar ao comparar a qualidade da passagem de turno antes e depois de implementar a metodologia ISBAR, a certificação das melhorias demonstra o interesse e eficácia da sua utilização.

Patient safety in health services has always been a concern of health managers. One of the aspects that can compromise it is the transfer of the patient's care between the professionals responsible for it. Be it in handovers, or intra and inter-hospital transfers. It is essential that effective communication is established to ensure the fluidity of the assumption of care and responsibilities. These assumptions prevent the occurrence of adverse effects, possible delays in diagnosis and treatment, which can lead to delays in the recovery of the person in critical condition. Objectives: To know the nurses' perception in the Emergency Department (ED) regarding the information transmitted during handover. To make peer-to-peer communication more effective, and to ensure, consequently, the safety and improvement of nursing care, in moments of patient transition, in the ED. Methodology: This work was carried out based on the research-action methodology, divided into three partial and consecutive methodological processes. First, a questionnaire was applied to 59 nurses in the ED, with direct care provided to the critically ill person. In the second moment, a diagnosis of the situation was carried out with the application of the Observation Guide, during handovers. In the third moment, after the analysis of the results emerging from the Observation Guide, a structured instrument was created and implemented to be applied in handover, based on the Identify, Situation, Background, Assessment and Recommendation (ISBAR) methodology, and the Observation Guide was applied again to study the effectiveness and/or efficiency brought by this instrument. Results: Nurses' perception of communication during handover is favorable in relation to most of the aspects addressed. They valued communication in the context of the multidisciplinary team, and aspects related to the importance of training and professional experience with the quality of communication. The favorable nurses' perception translates into the high level of significant situations (70 to 90%) that about 80% of nurses report being able to transmit during handover. 36% of the participants point to the need for improvements, 65% related to the organization of the care transition process and 45% to the problem of interruptions. After the implementation of the ISBAR methodology in handovers, there was an improvement in several aspects, as can be seen from the average percentage of compliance being about 69%, having improved about 48%. The information transmission time increased by an average of 0.4 minutes per patient. Conclusion: The results of the present study point to a favorable perspective of nurses' perception of communication during handover, although some aspects have room for improvement, related to the objectivity and relevance of the information, and to the need to have a calm context that favors concentration, thus without interruptions. This context is a facilitator of change, as it turned out when comparing the quality of handovers before and after implementing the ISBAR methodology, the certification of improvements demonstrates the interest and effectiveness of its use.

Análise da via verde trauma de um serviço de urgência do norte de Portugal / Analysing the trauma green lane in an emergency department in northern Portugal

O trauma é lesão no organismo que pode estar associado à morte ou a incapacidades temporárias ou permanentes de extensão variável. O seu prognóstico depende da celeridade de cuidados de saúde adequados. Os sistemas de saúde têm organizados redes estruturadas de emergência para atender a essas situações, sendo em Portugal operacionalizada por diretrizes produzidas pela Direção Geral de Saúde, a Via Verde Trauma (VVT). Objetivos: Descrever os resultados da implementação do protocolo da Via Verde Trauma num Serviço de Urgência Geral de um centro hospitalar da região norte de Portugal, no período de janeiro de 2021 a agosto de 2022 e analisar a mortalidade dos doentes inseridos em Via Verde Trauma. Métodos: Estudo transversal analítico. A população do estudo são todos os doentes inseridos em VVT num SU centro hospitalar da região norte de Portugal, com registos na base de dados de VVT, obtendo-se assim uma amostra de 204 participantes. Foi construída uma grelha para onde foi transposta a informação sobre sexo e idade da vítima, prioridade estabelecida pelo sistema de triagem de Manchester, tempo de permanência na SE, tipo de trauma e segmento afetado, critérios de ativação da VVT e causa subjacente ao trauma, destino do doente após os cuidados na SE, altas e óbitos. O estudo obteve o parecer favorável da comissão de ética. Resultados: A amostra foi constituída maioritariamente por vítimas do sexo masculino (75,0 %), com mais de 60 anos 41,7% e triados cor laranja 93,6%. O nível de consciência foi o critério absoluto que determinou a ativação da VVT (19,1%), mais frequente e a queda de uma altura superior a três metros (19,6%) foi o critério relativo mais frequente. A principal causa de ativação foram os acidentes de viação (55,4%), seguido das quedas (24,5%). O trauma fechado representou a esmagadora maioria (97,2%) dos traumas registados, que afetaram principalmente o segmento cranioencefálico (46,6%), seguido das extremidades e do torácico. Tiveram como destino outra valência do SU (72%). A taxa de mortalidade foi de 1,47% ocorreram na SE eram homens, com mais de 60 anos e triados com cor vermelha, com traumatismo cranioencefálico fechado e com tempo em emergência superior a uma hora. Não se verificou associação da mortalidade com as restantes variáveis. Conclusão: A VVT foi ativada maioritariamente em casos envolvendo o sexo masculino e pessoas mais velhas. O trauma é maioritariamente desencadeado por acidentes de viação e quedas, e resulta em traumas fechados, maioritariamente traumatismo cranioencefálico, das extremidades e torácicos. A mortalidade dos doentes inseridos na VVT foi reduzida, com três óbitos em 204 casos, associado a traumatismo cranioencefálico em vítimas com idade superior a 60 anos, dois do sexo masculino e uma do sexo feminino.

Trauma is injury to the body that can be associated with death or temporary or permanent disabilities of varying extent. Prognosis depends on the time of adequate healthcare. Health systems have organized structured emergency networks to respond to these situations, which in Portugal are operationalized by guidelines produced by the General Directorate of Health, Trauma Green Lane (TGL) [Via Verde Trauma]. Objectives: Objectives: To describe the results of the implementation of the Trauma Green Lane protocol in an Emergency Department of a hospital center in the northern region of Portugal, from January 2021 to August 2022 and analyze the mortality of patients included in Trauma Network protocol. Methods: Cross-sectional and analytical study. The study population was all patients undergoing TGL in a hospital center in the north of Portugal, with records in the TGL database, thus obtaining a sample of 204 participants. The information was transposed to a database on the victim's sex and age, priority established by the Manchester triage system, length of stay in the ED, type of trauma and affected segment, TGL activation criteria and underlying cause of the trauma, destination of the patient after care in the ED, discharges and deaths. The study obtained a favorable opinion from the ethics committee. Results: The sample was predominantly composed of male victims (75.0%), 41.7% were over 60 years old and 93.6% were screened orange. The level of consciousness was the absolute criterion that determined the activation of the TGL (19.1%). The main cause of activation was car accidents (55.4%), followed by falls (24.5%). Blunt trauma represented the majority (97.2%) of recorded traumas, which mainly affected the cranioencephalic segment (46.6%), followed by the extremities and the thoracic segment. Victims were transferred mainly to another part of the ED (72%). The mortality rate was 1.47%, they occurred in the ED and were men, over 60 years old and screened as red, with closed head trauma and time spent in the emergency room for more than one hour. There was no association between mortality and the remaining variables. Conclusion: Trauma Green Lane was predominantly activated in cases involving male individuals and older people. Trauma was mostly triggered by car accidents and falls, and results in blunt trauma, mostly to the head, extremities and chest. The mortality of patients inserted into the Trauma Network was reduced, with three deaths in 204 cases, associated with traumatic brain injury in victims aged over 60, two were male, and one was female.

Via verde sépsis no serviço de urgência de uma unidade local de saúde do norte do país entre 2018 e 2022 / Green route for sepsis in the emergency department of a local health unit in the north of the country between 2018 and 2022

A sépsis e o choque séptico são problemas de saúde importantes, que afetam milhões de pessoas todos os anos, em todo mundo. Uma entre cada cinco pessoas infetadas morre. A identificação precoce e o tratamento adequado nas primeiras horas, após o desenvolvimento da sépsis, melhoram os resultados, sendo a Via Verde Sépsis uma resposta. Objetivos: Analisar os resultados da implementação do protocolo Via Verde Sépsis no Serviço de Urgência de Uma Unidade Local de Saúde do Norte do País, entre 2018 e 2022. Como objetivos específicos, delinearam-se os seguintes: Traçar um perfil sociodemográfico e clínico dos utentes admitidos em Via Verde Sépsis; Verificar o tratamento dos utentes admitidos em Via Verde Sépsis e os tempos alvo; Averiguar a associação entre a mortalidade e as variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas; Relacionar a mortalidade e a ordem das médias dos tempos alvo de admissão-triagem, triagem- observação médica, observação médica-lactatos e dias de internamento. Métodos: Estudo observacional de natureza quantitativa, descritivo-correlacional e analítico com enfoque transversal e retrospetivo, com recolha de dados clínicos para analisar os resultados da implementação do protocolo Via Verde Sépsis no Serviço de Urgência de Uma Unidade Local do Norte do País, entre 2018 e 2022. A amostra ficou constituída por 316 utentes. Os dados foram recolhidos a partir de uma grelha elaborada had hoc. O estudo obteve parecer favorável da Comissão de Ética. Resultados: Registou-se um total de 316 utentes, correspondendo a 50,9% de homens e 40,1% de mulheres, com uma média de idade de 58,33±21,13 anos. Os anos com uma percentagem mais expressiva de utentes admitidos em Via Verde Sépsis foram 2019 (41,1%) e 2018 (37,0%). Na maioria, durante o turno de trabalho da tarde (51,3%), triados com prioridade "Amarela" (52,2%). Destacou-se o ponto de partida respiratório (54,1%). Em relação à primeira linha de antibióticos utilizada, prevaleceu o Ceftriaxone (55,1%), como antibióticos de segunda linha, destacou-se a Claritromicina, com 11,1%, sendo 13,0% homens. Prevaleceram os utentes cujo destino foi a alta clínica (39,2%) e o internamento no Serviço de Medicina (38,9%). A ativação da Via Verde Sépsis, ocorreu em quase todos os utentes aquando da triagem (93,7%). Foi reduzida a taxa de utentes que faleceram (2,5%) N=8, entre os quais, 4 (50,0%) eram homens e 4 (50,0%) mulheres, com 5 (62,5%) na faixa etária dos 56-75 anos e 3 (37,5%) com idade superior aos 75 anos, 6 (75%) foram triados com prioridade laranja e 2 (25,0%) com prioridade amarela. Conclusão: A triagem exata, o reconhecimento rápido, a reanimação precoce, a administração precoce de antibióticos e a erradicação da fonte de infeção são os componentes fundamentais para a prestação de cuidados de qualidade em caso de sépsis. Como tal, é fundamental aumentar a ativação do protocolo da Via Verde Sépsis para que ocorra uma redução da mortalidade.

Sepsis and septic shock are important health problems that affect millions of people every year around the world. One in five infected people dies. Early identification and appropriate treatment in the first hours after sepsis develops improves results, with Via Verde Sépsis being an answer. Objectives: To analyze the results of the implementation of the Via Verde Sépsis protocol in the Emergency Department of a Local Health Unit of the North of the Country, between 2018 and 2022. The specific objectives were as follows: To draw up a sociodemographic and clinical profile of patients admitted to Via Verde Sepsis; To verify the treatment of patients admitted to Via Verde Sepsis and the target times; To ascertain the association between mortality and sociodemographic variables; To relate mortality and the order of the mean target times for admission - triage, triage - medical observation, medical observation - lactate clarification and hospitalization days. Methods: This is a quantitative, descriptive-correlational and analytical observational study with a cross-sectional and retrospective approach, collecting clinical data to analyze the results of the implementation of the Via Verde Sepsis protocol in the Emergency Department of a Local Health Unit of the North of the Country, between 2018 and 2022. The sample consisted of 316 patients. The data was collected using a had hoc grid. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee. Results: A total of 316 users were registered, corresponding to 50.9% men and 40.1% women, with an average age of 58.33±21.13 years. The years with the highest percentage of patients admitted to Via Verde Sepsis were 2019 (41.1%) and 2018 (37.0%). The majority were admitted during the afternoon work shift (51.3%) and triaged with "Yellow" priority (52.2%). The respiratory starting point stood out (54.1%). The first line of antibiotics used was Ceftriaxone (55.1%) and the second line of antibiotics was Clarithromycin (11.1%), of which 13.0% were men. The majority of patients were discharged from hospital (39.2%) and admitted to the Medical Service (38.9%). Almost all patients had their Via Verde Sépsis activated during triage (93.7%). There was a low rate of patients who died (2,5%) N=8, of whom 4 (50,0%) were men and 4 (50,0%) women, with 5 (62,5%) in the 56-75 age group and 3 (37,5%) aged over 75, 6 were triaged with orange priority and 2 (25,0%)with yellow priority. Conclusion: Accurate triage, rapid recognition, early resuscitation, early administration of antibiotics and eradication of the source of infection are the key components in providing quality care in the event of sepsis. It is therefore essential to increase the activation of the Via Verde Sépsis protocol in order to reduce mortality.

Análise das vivências de enfermeiros de urgência no controlo da dor da pessoa em situação crítica / Analysing the experiences of emergency nurses in managing the pain of people in critical condition

O controlo da dor abarca todas as intervenções destinadas à sua prevenção e tratamento. Sempre que o enfermeiro preveja a ocorrência de dor ou avalie a sua presença, deve intervir na promoção de cuidados que a aliviem ou reduzam para níveis considerados toleráveis pela pessoa, gerindo ações farmacológicas e não-farmacológicas, para garantir o bem-estar físico, psicossocial e espiritual do indivíduo. Objetivo: Identificar as principais intervenções, sentimentos e limitações vivenciadas pelos enfermeiros de urgência de uma ilha de Cabo Verde, no que concerne ao controlo da dor da pessoa em situação crítica. Metodologia: Foi desenvolvido um estudo qualitativo com enfoque fenomenológico, de caráter exploratório e descritivo, numa amostra de 6 enfermeiros de um Banco de Urgência de uma ilha de Cabo Verde. Foram realizadas entrevistas por videochamada, conforme a disponibilidade dos participantes, recorrendo-se a um guião de entrevista semiestruturada, com 8 questões, sendo feita análise de conteúdo. Resultado: Os enfermeiros da amostra relataram um leque de sentimentos, uns negativos e outros positivos, relativamente às necessidades de intervenções para controlo da dor nos doentes críticos. Como negativos obtiveram-se: ansiedade, stress, desanimo, impotência, angustia, esgotamento físico, entre outros. Os sentimentos positivos percecionados foram a empatia, comunicação e humanismo. Verbalizaram utilizar medidas de enfermagem interdependentes e autónomas, para controlo da dor dos doentes críticos no SU. Todos recorrem às medidas farmacológicas, segundo prescrição médica. Foram reconhecidas algumas intervenções não farmacológicas, voltadas para a promoção do conforto, tais como adequação do posicionamento, aplicação de calor e frio e massagens. Das principais limitações apontadas surgiram como subcategorias: Défice ou falta de formação no controlo da dor e Carência de recursos humanos. Conclusão: O estudo revelou uma gama complexa de sentimentos nos enfermeiros de urgência da amostra, destacando alguns desafios emocionais e algumas estratégias farmacológicas e não farmacológicas no controle da dor em pacientes críticos. Os resultados apontam para a necessidade de abordagens abrangentes que promovam tanto o bem-estar emocional dos enfermeiros quanto ao aprimoramento das práticas no controlo da dor em ambientes de urgência. Para tal, urge reverter a escassez de recursos humanos, bem como promover a formação específica destes enfermeiros na gestão da dor.

Pain control encompasses all interventions aimed at its prevention and treatment. Whenever the nurse predicts the occurrence of pain or assesses its presence, he or she must intervene to promote care that alleviates it or reduces it to levels considered tolerable by the person, managing pharmacological and non-pharmacological actions, to ensure physical and psychosocial well-being. and spirituality of the individual. Objective: To identify the main interventions, feelings and limitations experienced by emergency nurses on an island in Cape Verde, with regard to controlling the pain of people in critical situations. Methodology: A qualitative study was developed with a phenomenological focus, of an exploratory and descriptive nature, on a sample of 6 nurses from an Emergency Bank on an island in Cape Verde. Interviews were carried out via video call, depending on the participants' availability, using a semi-structured interview guide, with 8 questions, and content analysis was carried out. Result: The nurses in the sample reported a range of feelings, some negative and others positive, regarding the need for interventions to control pain in critically ill patients. The following were negative: anxiety, stress, discouragement, impotence, anguish, physical exhaustion, among others. The positive feelings perceived were empathy, communication and humanism. They verbalized the use of interdependent and autonomous nursing measures to control the pain of critically ill patients in the ED. Everyone resorts to pharmacological measures, according to medical prescription. Some non- pharmacological interventions were recognized, aimed at promoting comfort, such as adjusting positioning, applying heat and cold and massages. Of the main limitations highlighted, the following subcategories emerged: Deficit or lack of training in pain control and Lack of human resources. Conclusion: The study revealed a complex range of feelings in the emergency nurses in the sample, highlighting some emotional challenges and some pharmacological and non- pharmacological strategies in controlling pain in critically ill patients. The results point to the need for comprehensive approaches that promote both the emotional well-being of nurses and the improvement of pain control practices in emergency environments. To this end, there is an urgent need to reverse the shortage of human resources, as well as promote the specific training of these nurses in pain management.

Características da dor em utentes atendidos no serviço de urgência, avaliados pelo sistema de triagem de Manchester / Characteristics of pain in emergency department patients assessed using the Manchester triage system

A dor é o 5º sinal vital e o seu controlo eficaz é um dever dos profissionais, um direito dos doentes e um avanço para efetiva humanização das Unidades de Saúde. A experiência e gestão da dor constituem elementos centrais na prestação de cuidados de saúde, especialmente em contextos de urgência. A dor é o motivo mais comum que leva os doentes a deslocarem-se ao Serviço de Urgência. Objetivos: O objetivo geral do presente estudo foi descrever características da dor dos utentes avaliados pelo sistema de triagem de Manchester em serviços de urgência básica e de urgência geral médico- cirúrgica, de um Centro Hospitalar da região centro de Portugal, no ano de 2022. Metodologia: A metodologia adotada consistiu num estudo epidemiológico descritivo transversal correlacional de natureza quantitativa. Resultados: Foram analisados dados pseudo anonimizados de uma população de 139149 admissões nos Serviços de Urgência de um Centro Hospitalar no centro dos pais. Sendo selecionada a amostra segundo os critérios de inclusão e exclusão definidos. A recolha de dados foi solicitada ao gabinete de controlo e gestão da mesma instituição. Os dados foram analisados com recurso a estatística descritiva. Constatou-se que 60,59% dos doentes que recorreram aos serviços de urgência foram avaliados pelo sistema de triagem de Manchester com dor. Verificou- se uma predominância do sexo feminino 54,7%, em termos de faixa etária observa-se que o maior número de registos ocorre entre os 45 e 54 anos. Observou-se que os problemas nos membros foi o motivo mais referido. E a intensidade da dor mais sentida foi a moderada, correspondendo ao intervalo entre 5 e 7 na escala numérica. Conclusão: Os resultados do presente estudo revelam aspetos importantes acerca da experiência e gestão da dor no Serviço de Urgência. Sendo o enfermeiro o primeiro profissional de saúde a obter contacto com o doente que se desloca ao SU, é o qualificado responsável para avaliar e priorizar a pessoa no momento da sua chegada ao serviço, tendo um papel preponderante na avaliação da sua dor, necessitando para isso de estar sensibilizado para esta problemática, para a promoção de boas práticas na gestão da dor.

Pain is the 5th vital sign and its effective control is a duty of professionals, a right of patients and an advance for the effective humanization of Health Units. Pain experience and management are central elements in the provision of health care, especially in emergency settings. Pain is the most common reason that leads patients to go to the Emergency Department. Objectives: The general objective of the present study was to describe pain characteristics of patients evaluated by the Manchester triage system in basic emergency and general medical-surgical emergency services, of a Hospital Center in the central region of Portugal, in the year 2022. Methodology: The methodology adopted consisted of a cross-sectional descriptive epidemiological study of a quantitative nature. Results: Pseudo-anonymized data from a population of 139149 admissions to the Emergency Department of a Hospital Center in the parents' center were analyzed. The sample was selected according to the defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data collection was requested from the control and management office of the same institution. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. It was found that 60.59% of the patients who went to the emergency department were evaluated by the Manchester triage system for pain. There was a predominance of females (54.7%), in terms of age group, the highest number of registrations occurs between 45 and 54 years old. It was observed that limb problems were the most frequently reported reason. And the intensity of the most felt pain was moderate, corresponding to the interval between 5 and 7 on the numerical scale. Conclusion: The results of the present study reveal important aspects about the experience and management of pain in the Emergency Department. As the nurse is the first health professional to have contact with the patient who goes to the ED, he is the qualified person responsible for evaluating and prioritizing the person at the time of their arrival at the service, having a preponderant role in the evaluation of their pain, and for this they need to be sensitized to this problem, for the promotion of good practices in pain management.

Association between COVID-19 and increased incidence of overactive bladder symptoms in female patients: A retrospective analysis.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: To investigate female patients' post-COVID-19 voiding symptoms and to research how they relate to overactive bladder (OAB). PATIENTS: One hundred and forty patients aged 20-50 years who were hospitalised and discharged due to COVID-19 at Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kirdar City Hospital between 2021 and 2022 and 50 patients with a history of COVID-19 among two hundred female patients who presented to the urology outpatient clinic with symptoms related to OAB were retrospectively analysed. Bladder diary, overactive bladder symptom score (OABSS), uroflowmetry values and time of onset of symptoms of symptomatic patients were recorded for all patients. Disease-free individuals for control purposes were not included in the study. RESULTS: It was observed that 38% of 140 hospitalized patients had a symptomatic change related to OAB, and there was a significant difference in voiding diary, OABSS, and uroflowmetry Qmax values between symptomatic and non-symptomatic patients after COVID-19. (p:0.001) There was a significant difference between the pre-COVID-19 (estimated) and post-COVID-19 (current) voiding diary and OABSS values of all symptomatic patients (with and without a history of hospitalization). (p:0.001) When these two groups were compared with each other, there was a significant difference between the post-COVID-19 voiding diary, OABSS values, and the meantime to the onset of symptoms in inpatients and outpatients (p:0.001) CONCLUSION: COVID-19 may be associated with urgency/urge incontinence and overactive bladder in female patients.

Evolución de la bronquiolitis en los servicios de urgencias extrahospitalarias de la Comunidad de Madrid: estudio observacional 2016-2023 / Bronchiolitis trends in out-of-hospital urgent care services in the Community of Madrid: Observational study, 2016-2023

Introducción: La bronquiolitis se convierte en todo un reto durante su pico estacional, desbordando los recursos materiales y humanos para poder atender los pacientes afectados. A consecuencia de ello, se multiplican exponencialmente los traslados interhospitalarios. No se han encontrado estudios que hayan analizado las características de los pacientes con bronquiolitis aguda (BA) en los servicios de urgencias extrahospitalarios (SUEH) y la influencia de la pandemia en su epidemiología. Objetivo: Conocer las características de los pacientes pediátricos y neonatales con bronquiolitis en los SUEH de la Comunidad de Madrid y analizar la influencia de la pandemia por COVID-19 en su epidemiología. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional descriptivo, transversal y retrospectivo realizado en los SUEH de la Comunidad de Madrid entre 2016 y 2023. Se incluyeron pacientes con diagnóstico de BA según CIE-10 en las historias clínicas de las asistencias y traslados interhospitalarios. Se registraron variables sociodemográficas, clínicas y de tratamiento (ventilatorio y farmacológico). Resultados: Se incluyeron 630 pacientes con BA: 343 atendidos por los SUEH no especializados en neonatología (no-neo) y 287 por el equipo de transporte neonatal (TN). La mediana de edad fue de 3,7meses [2,8-4,7] en SUEH no-neo y de 19días [14,2-23,7] en TN. Hubo un aumento de la edad estadísticamente significativo en la temporada 2020/2021 en el grupo de SUEH no-neo. La escala de gravedad fue estadísticamente mayor en el grupo de TN. Hubo un pico inusual de casos de bronquiolitis en junio de 2021, coincidiendo con el fin de la 4.ª ola de COVID-19. La incidencia de bronquiolitis, tras la 6.ª ola de pandemia, fue la mayor de todas las temporadas (13,5 casos por cada 10.000 niños ≤2años)...(AU)

Introduction: Bronchiolitis poses a considerable challenge during its seasonal peak, overwhelming the material and human resources available to care for affected patients. As a result, interhospital transfers increase exponentially. We did not find any studies analysing the characteristics of patients with bronchiolitis managed in out-of-hospital urgent care (OHUC) services and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the epidemiology of bronchiolitis. Objective: To establish the characteristics of paediatric and neonatal patients with acute bronchiolitis (AB) managed in OHUC services in the Community of Madrid and to analyse the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the epidemiology of bronchiolitis. Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional observational and descriptive study carried out in OHUC settings in the Community of Madrid between 2016 and 2023. We included patients with a diagnosis of acute bronchiolitis based on the ICD-10 codes documented in the electronic records of urgent care visits and interhospital transports. We collected data on sociodemographic, clinical and treatment (ventilation and medication) variables. Results: The sample included 630 patients with AB: 343 managed in non-neonatal OHUC (non-neo) services and 287 by the mobile neonatal intensive care unit transport team (NTT). The median age was 3.7months (IQR: 2.8-4.7) in patients in the non-neo OHUC group and 19days (IQR: 14.2-23.7) in the NTT group. There was a statistically significant increase in age in the 2020/2021 season in the non-neo OHUC group. The severity score was significantly higher in the NTT group. There was an unusual peak in bronchiolitis cases in June 2021, coinciding with the end of the fourth wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. The incidence of bronchiolitis was highest after the sixth wave of the pandemic (13.5 cases per 10,000 children aged <2years)...(AU)

Reflexiones para optimizar el triaje en cirugía / Reflections to optimize triage in surgery

Introducción: La categorización de las urgencias quirúrgicas es una necesidad en razón al continuo desequilibrio entre la oferta y la demanda de servicios quirúrgicos en la mayoría de las instituciones donde se encuentra habilitada la prestación del servicio. Hay abordajes en el tema, con estrategias de priorización de los casos quirúrgicos, que consideran escalas y flujogramas, pero su ausente validez externa y las particularidades de las instituciones y aseguradores, han limitado una generalización de los resultados. Métodos: Se efectúa una conceptualización del triaje de las urgencias quirúrgicas con planteamientos críticos y reflexivos soportados en la evidencia. Se identifican, asimismo, las posibles oportunidades para la investigación. Discusión: Los beneficios potenciales de un triaje quirúrgico en situaciones de urgencia, son extensivos a todos los actores del sistema de salud, disminuyen la posibilidad de desenlaces y repercusiones económicas negativas para las instituciones y los aseguradores. La teoría de las colas ofrece el soporte para un entendimiento del tema y contribuye en las soluciones. Su adopción es escasa como parte de una estrategia local de priorización quirúrgica en un contexto de urgencia. Conclusión:La creación de estrategias que establezcan el triaje para el paciente con una urgencia quirúrgica están influenciadas por la participación continua y efectiva de los actores involucrados en el proceso y en su impacto en los desenlaces clínicos

Introduction: Categorizing surgical emergencies is necessary due to the continued imbalance between the supply and demand of surgical services in most institutions where the service is enabled. There are approaches to the subject, with strategies for prioritizing surgical cases, which consider scales and flowcharts, but their lack of external validity and the particularities of the institutions and insurers have limited the generalization of the results. Methods: A conceptualization of the triage of surgical emergencies is carried out with critical and reflective approaches supported by evidence. Potential research opportunities are also identified. Discussion: The potential benefits of surgical triage in emergent situations are extensive to all health system actors, reducing the possibility of adverse outcomes and economic repercussions for institutions and insurers. Queuing theory offers support for understanding the issue and contributes to solutions. However, its adoption is scarce in an emergency as part of a local surgical prioritization strategy. Conclusion: The creation of strategies that establish triage for the patient with a surgical emergency is influenced by the continuous and effective participation of the actors involved in the process and its impact on clinical outcomes

Emergency department clinicians' views on implementing psychosocial care following acute paediatric injury: a qualitative study.

Introduction: The early post-trauma period is a key time to provide psychological support to acutely injured children. This is often when they present to emergency departments (EDs) with their families. However, there is limited understanding of the feasibility of implementing psychological support for children and their families in EDs. The aim of this study was to explore UK and Irish ED clinicians' perspectives on developing and implementing psychosocial care which educates families on their children's post-trauma psychological recovery.Methods: Semi-structured individual and group interviews were conducted with 24 UK and Irish ED clinicians recruited via a paediatric emergency research network.Results: Clinicians expressed that there is value in offering psychological support for injured children and their families; however, there are barriers which can prevent this from being effectively implemented. Namely, the prioritisation of physical health, time constraints, understaffing, and a lack of training. Therefore, a potential intervention would need to be brief and accessible, and all staff should be empowered to deliver it to all families.Conclusion: Overall, participants' views are consistent with trauma-informed approaches where a psychosocial intervention should be able to be implemented into the existing ED system and culture. These findings can inform implementation strategies and intervention development to facilitate the development and delivery of an accessible digital intervention for acutely injured children and their families.

The emergency department provides an opportunity for early trauma-informed care for acutely injured children and their families.Addressing psychological distress in emergency care for acutely injured children and their families should adopt a universal trauma-informed approach.The development of a paediatric trauma-informed intervention should consider barriers which can impact implementation into emergency care. Particular barriers highlighted by clinicians include staff shortages, time constraints, and high caseloads.

[Evolution of the perception of the safety culture of healthcare professionals in a pediatric emergency department]. / Evolución de la percepción de la cultura de seguridad de los profesionales sanitarios en una urgencia pediátrica.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Safety culture (SC) is a fundamental tool for minimizing adverse events and improving safety and quality of care. Our objective, therefore was to analyze the evolution of the SC of healthcare professionals in a pediatric emergency department (PED) after the implementation of a risk management system for patient safety based on the UNE:EN:ISO 179003 Standard and the execution of new safe practices for Joint Commission International accreditation. At the same time describe the current strengths and weaknesses. METHODS: Quasi-experimental, single-center study. All PED professionals participated in the study. An initial measurement of SC was performed through the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPS) questionnaire of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality adapted to Spanish in 2014. Pro-patient safety strategies were implemented between 2015 and 2022. A subsequent measurement was performed in 2022. RESULTS: The response rate in 2014 was 55% and 78% in 2022. On both occasions the group with the highest participation was nurses with 35.1% and 34.8%, respectively. Five dimensions improved after the interventions: frequency of adverse events (25.2%, p<0.001), organizational learning (25%, p<0.001), feedback and communication about errors (22.3%, p<0.001), non-punitive response to errors (6.5%, p = 0.176), and management support (4%, p = 0.333). CONCLUSIONS: The actions carried out had a positive influence on organizational learning and the frequency of adverse events reported and communication within the team. In contrast, the perception of SC did not increase.

Bronchiolitis trends in out-of-hospital urgent care services in the Community of Madrid: Observational study, 2016-2023.

INTRODUCTION: Bronchiolitis poses a considerable challenge during its seasonal peak, overwhelming the material and human resources available to care for affected patients. As a result, interhospital transfers increase exponentially. We did not find any studies analysing the characteristics of patients with bronchiolitis managed in out-of-hospital urgent care (OHUC) services and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the epidemiology of bronchiolitis. OBJECTIVE: To establish the characteristics of paediatric and neonatal patients with acute bronchiolitis (AB) managed in OHUC services in the Community of Madrid and to analyse the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the epidemiology of bronchiolitis. METHODS: Retrospective cross-sectional observational and descriptive study carried out in OHUC settings in the Community of Madrid between 2016 and 2023. We included patients with a diagnosis of acute bronchiolitis based on the ICD-10 codes documented in the electronic records of urgent care visits and interhospital transports. We collected data on sociodemographic, clinical and treatment (ventilation and medication) variables. RESULTS: The sample included 630 patients with AB: 343 managed in non-neonatal OHUC (non-neo) services and 287 by the mobile neonatal intensive care unit transport team (NTT). The median age was 3.7 months (IQR, 2.8-4.7) in patients in the non-neo OHUC group and 19 days (IQR, 14.2-23.7) in the NTT group. There was a statistically significant increase in age in the 2020/2021 season in the non-neo OHUC group. The severity score was significantly higher in the NTT group. There was an unusual peak in bronchiolitis cases in June 2021, coinciding with the end of the 4th wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. The incidence of bronchiolitis was highest after the 6th wave of the pandemic (13.5 cases per 10 000 children aged < 2 years). CONCLUSIONS: The median age of paediatric patients with AB managed in OHUC services increased following the end of the lockdown imposed due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which was probably associated with the lack of exposure to the viruses that cause it. This also may explain why the incidence of bronchiolitis was highest in the season following the 6th wave of the pandemic. The severity score was higher in neonatal patients. Epidemiological surveillance, the introduction of protocols and the implementation of an ongoing training programme for non-specialized health care staff involved in the transport of these patients could improve their management.

Consultas tardías en los servicios de emergencias pediátricas durante la pandemia por COVID-19 en Uruguay, entre el 13 de marzo y el 29 de julio de 2020

En diciembre de 2019, en Wuhan, China, se detectaron los primeros casos de SARS-CoV-2. En Uruguay, desde el 16 de marzo de 2020 se suspendieron las actividades de enseñanza, deportivas y espectáculos públicos. Varios países reportaron una marcada disminución de las visitas a urgencias. Algunos niños presentaron enfermedades ocasionales o descompensaciones de enfermedades crónicas, consultando en forma tardía con el riesgo que ello implica. El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar una descripción de las consultas tardías durante la pandemia. Se realizó un estudio multicéntrico y descriptivo entre el 13 de marzo y el 29 de julio de 2020. Se definió consulta tardía como los ingresos por injurias agudas con más de 6 horas de evolución, fiebre mayor a 72 horas de evolución, dificultad respiratoria con más de 12 horas de evolución, síntomas agudos, como dolor abdominal, de más de 24 horas de evolución, síntomas de más de 12 horas de evolución en niños con enfermedades crónicas que determinaron descompensación e ingreso. Se incluyeron 27 centros. Se registraron un total de 34.260 consultas en urgencia, se incluyeron 189 niños para el estudio. El promedio de edad fue de 6 años; 17 pacientes requirieron ingreso a unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI). Predominó la apendicitis entre los diagnósticos al alta. Esta investigación puso en evidencia la existencia de consultas tardías en nuestro país. Esto contribuye a ponderar el impacto negativo de la pandemia en la población pediátrica.

Summary: In December 2019, the first cases of SARS-CoV-2 were detected in Wuhan. In Uruguay, since March 16, teaching, sports and public entertainment activities were suspended. Several countries reported a marked decrease in emergency room visits. Some children presented occasional illnesses or decompensations from chronic illnesses, consulting late with the risk that this implies. The objective of the work is to make a description of late consultations during the pandemic. A multicenter and descriptive study was carried out between March 13 and July 29, 2020. "Late consultation" was defined as admissions for: Acute injuries with more than 6 hours of evolution, fever greater than 72 hours of evolution, difficulty respiratory disease with more than 12 hours of evolution, acute symptoms such as abdominal pain of more than 24 hours of evolution, symptoms of more than 12 hours of evolution in children with chronic diseases that determined decompensation and admission. 27 centers were included. A total of 34260 emergency consultations were registered, 189 children were included for the study. The average age was 6 years. 17 patients required admission to the ICU. Appendicitis predominated among the diagnoses at discharge. This research revealed the existence of late consultations in our country. This helps to weigh the negative impact of the pandemic on the pediatric population.

Em dezembro de 2019, em Wuhan, foram detectados os primeiros casos de SARS-CoV-2. No Uruguai, desde 16 de março, as atividades de ensino, esporte e entretenimento público foram suspensas. Vários países relataram uma diminuição acentuada nas visitas ao pronto-socorro. Algumas crianças apresentavam doenças ocasionais ou descompensações de doenças crônicas, consultando tardiamente os riscos que isso implica. O objetivo do trabalho é fazer uma descrição das consultas tardias durante a pandemia. Um estudo multicêntrico e descritivo foi realizado entre 13 de março e 29 de julho de 2020. Consulta tardia foi definida como internações por: Lesões agudas com mais de 6 horas de evolução, febre maior que 72 horas de evolução, dificuldade respiratória com mais de 12 horas de evolução, sintomas agudos como dor abdominal com mais de 24 horas de evolução, sintomas com mais de 12 horas de evolução em crianças com doenças crônicas que determinaram descompensação e internação. 26 centros foram incluídos. Um total de 34.260 consultas de emergência foram registradas, 189 crianças foram incluídas no estudo. A idade média era de 6 anos. 17 pacientes necessitaram de internação na UTI. Apendicite predominou entre os diagnósticos na alta. Esta pesquisa revelou a existência de consultas tardias em nosso país. Isso ajuda a pesar o impacto negativo da pandemia na população pediátrica.

Ethical-legal dilemmas of nursing practice in emergencies and disasters: a scoping review / Dilemas ético-legales de la práctica de enfermería en emergencias y desastres: revisión del alcance / Dilemas ético-legais da prática de enfermagem em emergências e desastres: revisão de escopo

ABSTRACT Objective: To map the ethical-legal dilemmas related to nursing practice in emergency and disaster situations. Method: A scoping review developed in accordance with the JBI method, whose information sources were accessed in databases, in addition to gray literature. The selection was made by reading the titles, abstracts and descriptors, observing eligibility criteria, including two reviewers and a third in case of discrepancies. After reading, data extraction and content analysis of 17 selected studies were carried out. Results: Thirteen ethical-legal dilemmas were mapped related to professional/functional duty towards the family, lack of personal protective equipment and unsafe conditions at work, preparation and availability for action, skills, limits imposed by victims' religion, obligation to provide care. Conclusion: Professionals, researchers and representatives of the category need to resolve demands that involve acting in emergencies and disasters, (re)cognizing the ethical-legal dilemma, and seeking (re)legal frameworks and observance of the fundamental/ethical principles that govern the profession, in the sense to support decision-making and the development of legally safe practices.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Mapear los dilemas ético-legales relacionados con la práctica de enfermería en situaciones de emergencia y desastre. Método: Revisión de alcance, desarrollada de acuerdo con el método JBI, a cuyas fuentes de información se accedió en bases de datos, además de literatura gris. La selección se realizó mediante lectura de títulos, resúmenes y descriptores, observando criterios de elegibilidad, contando con dos revisores y un tercero en caso de discrepancias. Luego de la lectura, se realizó la extracción de datos y análisis de contenido de 17 publicaciones seleccionadas. Resultados: Fueron mapeados 13 dilemas ético-legales relacionados con el deber profesional/funcional hacia la familia, falta de equipos de protección personal y condiciones inseguras en el trabajo, preparación y disponibilidad para la acción, habilidades, límites impuestos por la religión de las víctimas, obligación de brindar cuidados. Conclusión: Profesionales, investigadores y representantes de la categoría necesitan resolver demandas que involucran actuar en emergencias y desastres, (re)conociendo los dilemas ético-legales y buscando el (re)encuadre legal y el cumplimiento de los principios fundamentales/éticos que rigen la profesión, con el fin de apoyar la toma de decisiones y el desarrollo de prácticas jurídicamente seguras.

RESUMO Objetivo: Mapear os dilemas ético-legais relacionados à prática de Enfermagem em situações de emergências e desastres. Método: Revisão de escopo, desenvolvida em conformidade com o método JBI, cujas fontes de informação foram acessadas em bases de dados, além da literatura cinzenta. A seleção se deu pela leitura dos títulos, resumos e descritores, observando critérios de elegibilidade, contando com dois revisores e um terceiro em caso de divergências. Após a leitura, procedeu-se à extração dos dados e análise de conteúdo de 17 publicações selecionadas. Resultados: Mapearam-se 13 dilemas ético-legais relacionados ao dever profissional/funcional diante da família, falta de equipamento de proteção individual e condição insegura no trabalho, preparação e disponibilidade para atuação, competências, limites impostos pela religião das vítimas, obrigatoriedade em prestar cuidado. Conclusão: Profissionais, pesquisadores e representantes da categoria precisam resolver demandas que envolvem a atuação em emergências e desastres, (re)conhecendo os dilemas ético-legais e buscando (re)enquadramentos legais e observância dos princípios fundamentais/éticos que regem a profissão, no sentido de amparar a tomada de decisão e o desenvolvimento de práticas seguras juridicamente.

Contribuições dos aplicativos móveis para o atendimento pré-hospitalar: revisão integrativa / Contribuciones de las aplicaciones móviles para la atención prehospitalaria: revisión integradora / Contributions of mobile applications to pre-hospital care: integrative review

Resumo Objetivo Analisar as contribuições científicas dos aplicativos móveis desenvolvidos para o atendimento pré-hospitalar. Métodos Estudo de revisão integrativa da literatura; as bases de dados usadas foram Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, SciELO, Embase, Lilacs, BDENF, Medline/PubMed, Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações e ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global; (período de 2017-2022), incluindo todas as categorias de artigo, (com resumo e textos completos, disponíveis com acesso gratuito) nos idiomas português, inglês ou espanhol, contendo as palavras-chave "Assistência Pré-Hospitalar", "Atendimento Pré-Hospitalar", "Serviços Pré-Hospitalares", "Atendimento de Emergência Pré-Hospitalar", "Enfermagem", "Aplicativos móveis", "Aplicativos de Software Portáteis", "Apps Móveis", nos títulos e/ou resumos. Dois pesquisadores aplicaram os critérios de elegibilidade dos estudos e coletaram os dados a partir do instrumento elaborado previamente. Resultados De um total de 944 estudos, 07 foram selecionados para avaliação. Os aplicativos móveis desenvolvidos para a área de atendimento pré-hospitalar são ferramentas tecnológicas que contribuíram para a triagem, primeiros socorros pediátricos, segurança do paciente, preparação de medicações durante parada cardíaca, qualidade da ressuscitação cardiopulmonar, comunicação entre equipe de emergência e registro eletrônico de enfermagem. Conclusão Os estudos apontaram as potencialidades referentes à utilização dos aplicativos móveis no atendimento pré-hospitalar, contribuindo especialmente para melhoria da segurança dos pacientes e a qualidade do cuidado prestado nas situações de urgência e emergência pré-hospitalar. A otimização do tempo de assistência e do diagnóstico precoce foram também mostrados como contribuições dos aplicativos na assistência, além de alertar para os detalhes que podem passar despercebidos.

Resumen Objetivo Analizar las contribuciones científicas de las aplicaciones móviles para la atención prehospitalaria. Métodos Estudio de revisión integradora de la literatura. Las bases de datos utilizadas fueron Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, SciELO, Embase, Lilacs, BDENF, Medline/PubMed, Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações y ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global (período de 2017-2022). Se incluyeron todas las categorías de artículos, con resumen y texto completo, disponibles con acceso gratuito, en los idiomas portugués, inglés o español, que contuvieran las palabras clave "Asistencia Prehospitalaria", "Atención Prehospitalaria", "Servicios Prehospitalarios", "Atención de Emergencia Prehospitalaria", "Enfermería", "Aplicaciones Móviles", "Aplicaciones de Software Portátiles", "Apps Móviles", en el título o resumen. Dos investigadores aplicaron los criterios de elegibilidad de los estudios y recopilaron los datos a partir de un instrumento elaborado previamente. Resultados De un total de 944 estudios, se seleccionaron siete para evaluación. Las aplicaciones móviles desarrolladas para el área de atención prehospitalaria son herramientas tecnológicas que contribuyeron para la clasificación, los primeros auxilios pediátricos, la seguridad del paciente, la preparación de medicaciones durante paro cardíaco, la calidad de la reanimación cardiopulmonar, la comunicación entre los equipos de emergencia y el registro electrónico de enfermería. Conclusión Los estudios señalaron el potencial referente a la utilización de las aplicaciones móviles en la atención prehospitalaria, lo que contribuye especialmente a la mejora de la seguridad del paciente y a la calidad del cuidado ofrecido en las situaciones de urgencia y emergencia prehospitalaria. La optimización del tiempo de la atención y el diagnóstico temprano también demostraron ser contribuciones de las aplicaciones de asistencia, además de advertir detalles que pueden pasar desapercibidos.

Abstract Objective Analyze the scientific contribution of mobile applications developed for pre-hospital care. Methods Integrative literature review study; the databases used were the following: Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, SciELO, Embase, Lilacs, BDENF, Medline/PubMed, Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations, and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global; (period 2017-2022), including all article categories (with abstract and full texts available with free access) in Portuguese, English, or Spanish, containing the keywords "Pre-Hospital Assistance", "Pre-Hospital Care", "Pre-Hospital Services", "Pre-Hospital Emergency Care", "Nursing", "Mobile applications", "Portable Software Applications", and "Mobile Apps" in titles and/or abstracts. Two researchers applied the eligibility criteria of the studies and collected data using a previously prepared instrument. Results From a total of 944 studies, seven were selected for evaluation. Mobile applications developed for the pre-hospital care area are technological tools that have contributed to triage, pediatric first aid, patient safety, preparation of medications during cardiac arrest, quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and communication between the emergency team and the electronic nursing record. Conclusions The studies highlighted the potential related to the use of mobile applications in pre-hospital care, contributing especially to improving patient safety and the quality of care provided in pre-hospital urgency and emergencies. The optimization of assistance and early diagnosis times was also shown as a contribution of applications to assistance, in addition to alerting to details that may be unnoticed.

Factors associated with external causes in elderly attended by the mobile emergency care service / Factores asociados a causas externas en ancianos atendidos por el servicio de atención móvil de urgencia / Fatores associados às causas externas em idosos atendidos pelo serviço de atendimento móvel de urgência

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the prevalence and factors associated with external causes in elderly people attended by the mobile emergency care service. Method: Cross-sectional study with 1,972 pre-hospital care records of elderly victims of external causes from 2019 to 2020. A descriptive and bivariate analysis was performed, with a significance level of 5% (p<0.05). Results: The prevalence of external causes in elderly people attended by the mobile emergency service was 12.2%. Falling was the most frequent occurrence. The associations of the occurrence of falls with age from 90 years old (OR=29.31; p<0.001) and female gender (OR=5.38; p<0.001) stood out, as well as the suspicion of ingestion of alcoholic beverages with occurrence of violence (OR=4.17; p<0.001) and traffic accidents (OR=1.97; p<0.001). Conclusion: The study showed factors associated with injuries due to external causes in theelderly and may support the formulation of coping strategies for this problem.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar la prevalencia y los factores asociados a causas externas en ancianos atendidos por el servicio de atención móvil de urgencia. Método: Estudio transversal con 1.972 registros de atención pre hospitalaria de ancianos víctimas de causas externas en el período de 2019 a 2020.Se realizó un análisis descriptivo y bivariado, con un nivel de significación del 5% (p<0,05). Resultados: La prevalencia de causas externas en adultos mayores atendidos por el servicio de emergencia móvil fue de 12,2%. La caída fue la ocurrencia más frecuente. Se destacaron las asociaciones de la ocurrencia de caídas con la edad a partir de 90 años (OR=29,31; p<0,001) y el género femenino (OR=5,38; p<0,001), así como la sospecha de ingesta de bebidas alcohólicas con la ocurrencia de violencia (OR=4,17; p<0,001) y accidentes de tránsito (OR=1,97; p<0,001). Conclusión: El estudio mostró factores asociados a las lesiones por causas externas en ancianos y puede apoyar la formulación de estrategias de enfrentamiento de este problema.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a prevalência e fatores associados a causas externas em idosos atendidos pelo serviço de atendimento móvel de urgência. Método: Estudo transversal com 1.972 fichas de atendimento pré-hospitalar de idosos vítimas de causas externas no período de 2019 a 2020. Realizou-se análise descritiva e bivariada, com nível de significância de 5% (p<0,05). Resultados: A prevalência de causas externas em idosos atendidos pelo serviço móvel de urgência foi de 12,2%. A queda foi a ocorrência mais frequente. Destacaram-se as associações da ocorrência de queda com a idade a partir de 90 anos (OR=29,31; p<0,001) e o sexo feminino (OR=5,38; p<0,001), bem como da suspeita de ingestão de bebida alcoólica com a ocorrência de violência (OR=4,17; p<0,001) e acidentes de trânsito (OR=1,97; p<0,001). Conclusão: O estudo evidenciou fatores associados aos agravos por causas externas em idosos e poderá subsidiar formulação de estratégias de enfrentamento a essa problemática.

Avaliação da qualidade do sono em profissionais de saúde da emergência / Evaluación de la calidad del sueño en profesionales de la salud de emergencia / Sleep quality assessment in emergency health professionals

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a qualidade do sono de profissionais dos serviços de emergência e sua associação com o nível de fadiga e qualidade de vida. Métodos Estudo descritivo, transversal e correlacional, realizado nas unidades do Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência (SAMU) e na Unidade de Pronto Atendimento (UPA), no ano de 2021, com 108 participantes. Para avaliação da qualidade do sono, foi utilizado o Índice de Qualidade do Sono de Pittsburgh versão Brasileira (PSQI-BR); para avaliação da Fadiga, foi utilizada a Escala de Fadiga de Chalder, em conjunto com a Escala de Necessidade de Descanso (ENEDE); e para avaliação da qualidade de vida, foi utilizado o World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Version (WHOQOL-bref), sendo que os instrumentos utilizados foram adaptados para a língua portuguesa em estudos anteriores. Foram aplicados testes de associação para a análise estatística, tendo sido utilizados o Teste Qui-Quadrado de Pearson, o Teste U Mann-Whitney ou Kruskal Wallis e a correlação de Spearman. Valores de p <0,05 foram considerados como significativos. Resultados Foi identificado que 72,2% dos participantes apresentaram má qualidade do sono e 75,9% estavam fadigados. Foi observada associação significativa entre a qualidade do sono e a fadiga, a necessidade de descanso e a qualidade de vida. Conclusão Foi identificado que os profissionais de saúde que trabalham em serviço de urgência e emergência apresentam má qualidade do sono e de vida e níveis elevados de fadiga e necessidade de descanso, o que pode impactar diretamente suas atividades pessoais e profissionais.

Resumen Objetivo Evaluar la calidad del sueño de profesionales de los servicios de emergencia y su relación con el nivel de fatiga y calidad de vida. Métodos Estudio descriptivo, transversal y correlacional, realizado en las unidades del Servicio de Atención Móbil de Urgencia (SAMU) y en la Unidad de Pronta Atención (UPA), en el año 2021, con 108 participantes. Para evaluar la calidad del sueño, se utilizó el Índice de Calidad del Sueño de Pittsburgh, versión brasileña (PSQI-BR). Para evaluar la fatiga, se utilizó la Escala de Fatiga de Chalder, junto con la Escala de Necesidad de Descanso (ENEDE). Para evaluar la calidad de vida, se utilizó el World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Version (WHOQOL-bref). Los instrumentos utilizados fueron adaptados al idioma portugués en estudios anteriores. Se aplicaron pruebas de asociación para el análisis estadístico, para lo cual se utilizó la Prueba χ2 de Pearson, la Prueba U de Mann-Whitney o la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis y la correlación de Spearman. Se consideraron valores de p<0,05 como significativos. Resultados Se identificó que el 72,2 % de los participantes presentó una mala calidad de sueño y el 75,9 % tenía fatiga. Se observó una asociación significativa entre la calidad del sueño y la fatiga, la necesidad de descanso y la calidad de vida. Conclusión Se identificó que los profesionales de la salud que trabajan en servicios de urgencia y emergencia presentaron mala calidad de sueño y de vida y niveles elevados de fatiga y necesidad de descanso, lo que puede impactar directamente en sus actividades personales y profesionales.

Abstract Objective To assess emergency service professionals' sleep quality and its association with the level of fatigue and quality of life. Methods A descriptive, cross-sectional and correlational study, carried out in the units of the Mobile Emergency Care Service (SAMU) and in the Emergency Care Unit (ECU), in 2021, with 108 participants. To assess sleep quality, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Brazilian version (PSQI-BR), was used; to assess fatigue, the Chalder Fatigue Scale was used, together with the Need for Recovery Scale (NFR); and to assess quality of life, the World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Version (WHOQOL-bref) was used, and the instruments used were adapted to Portuguese in previous studies. Association tests were applied for statistical analysis, using Pearson's chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test or Kruskal Wallis and Spearman's correlation. P-values <0.05 were considered significant. Results It was identified that 72.2% of participants had poor sleep quality and 75.9% were fatigued. A significant association was observed between sleep quality and fatigue, the need for recovery and quality of life. Conclusion It was identified that health professionals working in emergency services have poor sleep quality and life, and high levels of fatigue and need for recovery, which can directly impact their personal and professional activities.