Safe urodynamic practices in times of COVID-19: What can be accomplished and what can be added?

AIM: To present feedback, after applying national and international urodynamic study (UDS) recommendations for safe practice during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: We created a checklist to assess the feasibility of performing UDS recommendations for safe practice during the COVID-19 pandemic from the first week of May 2021 to the last week of July 2021. RESULTS: One hundred patients were analyzed during the study period. We observed that all preventive recommendations for the steps that precede UDS could be followed in full. However, some guidelines for performing the exam were not feasible in all patients. We have successfully adopted other safety measures for all patients. CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 pandemic will likely persist for several more years. We believe that continuous improvement, revision, and updating of existing protocols and guidelines for the safe practice of UDS in times of COVID-19, as we propose in this study, should be encouraged.

Prevalence of "uncomplicated" and "complicated" stress urinary incontinence in Argentinian women: Assessing the role of the urodynamic study.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the percentage of Argentinian patients with "uncomplicated" and "complicated" stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in whom preoperative urodynamics study (UDS) was performed. The secondary objective of the study was to evaluate differences between clinical observation and urodynamics in both groups of women. METHODS: A retrospective study of women with IOE derivatives for UDS prior to surgical treatment is performed. The analyzed patients were classified in complicated and not complicated according to the criteria of the study VALUE. The prevalence of different urodynamics observations was assessed in patients with complicated and uncomplicated SUI. RESULTS: We studied 792 patients with SUI derivatives for UDS. Of the patients studied, 313 (39.5%) were considered as uncomplicated SUI and 479 (60.5%) as complicated SUI. The Urodynamics observation was considered different from the clinical data in 415/792 (52.4%), although in greater proportion in SUI complicated (59.9% vs. 40.9%, p < 0.001). There was a higher incidence of voiding dysfunction in patients with complicated SUI (32.4% vs. 14.7%, p < 0,001). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with uncomplicated SUI represent 39% of patients studied with SUI. The differences between clinical evaluation and urodynamics are higher in patients with complicated SUI contributing new information in 60% of the cases.

Incidence of Bacteriuria after Urodynamic Study with or without Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Women with Urinary Incontinence / Incidência de bacteriúria após estudo urodinâmico com ou sem profilaxia antibiótica em mulheres com incontinência urinária

Abstract Introduction The presence of bacteria in urine is called bacteriuria, which may be symptomatic or asymptomatic. The manipulation of the urinary tract during urodynamic study (UDS), which is an invasive procedure, can result in urinary tract infection (UTI). Studies on the use of prophylactic antibiotics for UDSs are contradictory. Some investigators concluded that they were valuable and others did not. The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis before UDS. This is a placebo-control randomized double-blind study. Methods Two-hundred and seventeen women affected by urinary incontinence were eligible for this study. All patients had presented negative urine culture previous to the UDS. They were randomized in four groups: group A received placebo, group B received 500 mg of levofloxacin, group C received 80 mg trimethoprim and 400 mg sulfamethoxazole and group D received 100 mg of nitrofurantoin. A urine culture was performed 14 days after the UDS. Results We observed asymptomatic bacteriuria after the UDS in five patients in group A, one in group B, one in group C and one in group D. Only one patient on group A had symptomatic bacteriuria.We didn't observe statistical difference between the groups. When we recategorized the patients in two groups, the incidence of bacteriuria was significantly higher in the placebo group compared with the antibiotic group. Conclusion The conclusion is that antibiotic prophylaxis before the UDS did not reduce the incidence of UTI in women within the target population.

Resumo Introdução A presença de bactéria na urina é denominada bacteriúria, que pode ser sintomática ou assintomática. A manipulação do trato urinário pelo estudo urodinâmico (EUD), que é um procedimento invasivo, pode resultar em infecção do trato urinário (ITU). Os estudos sobre o uso de profilaxia antibiótica para EUD são contraditórios. Alguns investigadores concluíram que era necessário e outros não. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a eficácia da antibióticoprofilaxia antes da realização do EUD. Trata-se de um estudo randomizado duplo-cego. Métodos Duzentas e dezessete mulheres comqueixa de incontinência urinária foram recrutadas para este estudo. Todas as pacientes apresentaram urocultura negativa antes do EUD. As pacientes foram randomizadas em quatro grupos: o grupo A recebeu placebo, o grupo B recebeu 500 mg de levofloxacina, o grupo C recebeu 80 mg de trimetoprim e 400 mg de sulfametoxazol e o grupo D recebeu 100 mg de nitrofurantoína. Uma urocultura foi realizada 14 dias após o EUD. Resultados Observamos bacteriúria assintomática após o EUD em cinco pacientes do grupo A, uma no grupo B, uma no grupo C e uma no grupo D. Apenas uma paciente do grupo A apresentou bacteriúria sintomática. Não observamos diferença estatística entre os grupos. Quando recategorizamos as pacientes em dois grupos, a incidência de bacteriúria foi significativamentemaior no grupo placebo emcomparação como grupo antibiótico. Conclusão A conclusão deste estudo é que a antibióticoprofilaxia antes do EUD não reduz a incidência de ITU nesse grupo de mulheres.

A case of urinary tract infection caused by Raoultella planticola after a urodynamic study

Abstract Here we report the case of a patient who developed urinary tract infection after a urodynamic study. The causative agent was Raoultella planticola, a rare opportunistic pathogen that usually invades immunocompromised patients. While a urinary tract infection with R. planticola has been previously described, this is the first report in which an R. planticola infection developed after a urodynamic study. We postulate that the mechanism of infection was direct invasion of the urinary tract from contaminated urodynamic study equipment. Here, we discuss the role played by isotonic solutions in facilitating bacterial reproduction.

A case of urinary tract infection caused by Raoultella planticola after a urodynamic study.

Here we report the case of a patient who developed urinary tract infection after a urodynamic study. The causative agent was Raoultella planticola, a rare opportunistic pathogen that usually invades immunocompromised patients. While a urinary tract infection with R. planticola has been previously described, this is the first report in which an R. planticola infection developed after a urodynamic study. We postulate that the mechanism of infection was direct invasion of the urinary tract from contaminated urodynamic study equipment. Here, we discuss the role played by isotonic solutions in facilitating bacterial reproduction.

Cirugía antiincontinencia en mujeres posmenopáusicas / Anti-incontinence surgery in postmenopausal women

RESUMEN OBJETIVO: comparar la tasa de curación subjetiva y objetiva en mujeres posmenopáusicas después de habérseles realizado cirugía antiincontinencia. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: estudio de cohorte, retrospectivo, comparativo, efectuado en pacientes del Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes atendidas entre enero de 2009 y diciembre de 2011. Criterios de inclusión: haber sido intervenidas quirúrgicamente para antiincontinencia. Grupo I: menores de 45 años (n=50); grupo II: 45-65 años (n=109); grupo III: mayores de 65 años (n=8). Variables de estudio: curación subjetiva (síntoma) y objetiva (prueba de la tos y estudio de urodinamia). Se analizaron los resultados quirúrgicos, postquirúrgicos y estudio de urodinamia, con estadística descriptiva y análisis bivariado con χ2 y t-Student. RESULTADOS: se estudiaron 167 pacientes con los siguientes resultados: curación subjetiva: 82% en el grupo I y 80.7% en el grupo II, y 100% en el grupo III, con p= no significativa. La curación objetiva se consiguió en: 90% de las pacientes del grupo I, 92.6 del grupo II y 50% en el grupo III, con p no significativa. La cirugía antiincontinencia efectuada fue por vía transobturadora en 52% del grupo I y 48.6% en el grupo II, y vía retropúbica (62.5%) en el grupo III. La estancia hospitalaria fue mayor en el grupo III, de 3 días, con p=0.018. Los cambios en la presión máxima de cierre uretral para el grupo I fueron de 48.8 cmH2O a 43.6 cmH2O, en el grupo II de 46.1 cmH2O a 45.8 cmH2O y en el grupo III de 38.1 cmH2O a 31 cmH2O, valores pre y posquirúrgicos en todos los grupos (p<0.005). CONCLUSIONES: a pesar de la disminución en la curación subjetiva, mayor morbilidad y menor presión máxima de cierre uretral en mujeres mayores de 65 años no existió diferencia clínica en la evolución.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: Compared the rates of objective and subjective cure, in menopause female after incontinence procedures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective study, between January 2009 and December 2011, 167 female patients with urinary incontinence who underwent a incontinence procedure, where divided in 3 groups: Group I: under 45 years (n=50), Group II: 45 to 65 years (n=109), Group III: up 65 years (n=8). The sequential outcomes and urodynamic findings were comparing and analyzed. RESULTS: The rates of subjective cure was 82% and 80.7% in Group I and II, 100% in Group 3, p=NS. The rates of objective cure was 90%, 92.6% and 50%, for each group p=NS. The transobturator procedure was the most done in group I and II, 52% and 48.6%, and retropubic procedure in group III 62.5%. The length of hospital stay (3 days) in Group III, p=0.018. The significant lower postoperative maximal urethral closure pressure in all groups, Group I was 48.8 cmH2O to 43.6 cmH2O, Group II was 46.1 cmH2O to 45.8 cmH2O and Group III was 38.1 cmH2O to 31 cmH2O, (p<0.005) CONCLUSION: Despite the decrease in subjective cure, higher morbidity and lower maximum urethral closure pressure in women older than 65 years, there was no clinical difference in the evolution.

Evaluación urodinámica de la incontinencia urinaria después de prostatectomía radical: [revisión] / Urodinamic evaluation after radical prostatectomy

El estudio de la incontinencia urinaria después de prostatectomía radical (IUPR) debe basarse en el reporte del propio paciente en una evaluación realizada por una tercera persona y debe incluir el tiempo transcurrido después de la cirugía. Los estudios poblacionales suelen reportar frecuencias mayores que aquellas de centros de referencia. El estudio urodinámico de la IUPR incluye la evaluación de: A) la disfunción esfinteriana a través de las mediciones de la presión de punto de escape con Valsalva y del perfil de presión uretral; B) la disfunción vesical a través de la cistometría de llene, cuyo objetivo es demostrar la existencia de detrusor hiperactivo o acomodación vesical disminuida; y C) la incontinencia de orina por rebosamiento (ya sea por obstrucción o alteración de la contracción del detrusor) a través del análisis del estudio flujo – presión de la micción. Se analizan estudios de pacientes con IUPR con urodinamia realizada al menos 6 meses después de la cirugía, cuyas diferentes metodologías deben considerarse en la interpretación de los resultados. La incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo está presente en entre 60 por ciento y 100 por ciento de los pacientes analizados (8 por ciento a 71 por ciento como hallazgo exclusivo). La frecuencia de detrusor hiperactivo varía entre 19 por ciento y 92 por ciento de los casos (0,7 por ciento a 40 por ciento como alteración única); pocos estudios informan su presencia como causa efectiva de incontinencia urinaria, lo que ocurre en entre 7,2 por ciento y 27 por ciento de los casos. La acomodación disminuida se describe enun amplio rango de entre 1,7 por ciento y 56 por ciento de los pacientes. Pocos estudios informan disminución de la contractilidad del detrusor la cual varía en entre 29 por ciento y 33 por ciento de los casos, y obstrucción a la salida dela vejiga la que puede existir en hasta 21 por ciento de los pacientes.

The assessment of urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy (UIRP) must be based on the patient’s own report on an evaluation by a third person and also include the time elapsed after surgery. The population studies often report higher frequencies than those of reference centers. The UIRP urodynamic study includes evaluation of A) the sphincter dysfunction through measurement of the Valsalva leak point pressure and urethral pressure profile, B) the bladder dysfunction by filling cystometry, which aims to demonstrate the existence of detrusor overactivity or impaired compliance and C) the overflow incontinence (either by obstruction or impaired detrusor contraction) through analysis of the pressure – flow study of urination. We analyze a selection of studies of patients with UIRP in which the urodynamic study was conducted at least 6 months after surgery, which use different methodologies that should be considered in the interpretation of the results. Stress urinary incontinence is present in between 60 percent and 100 percent of tested patients (8 percent to 71 percent as an exclusive finding). The frequency of detrusor overactivity varies between 19 percent and 92 percent of the cases (0.7 percent to 40 percent as a single alteration); few studies report its presence as an effective cause of urinary incontinence, which occurs in between 7,2 percent and 27 percent of the cases. The decreased compliance is described in a wide range of between 1,7 percent and 56 percent of the patients. Few studies report decreased detrusor contractility which varies between 29 percent and 33 percent of the cases, and bladder outlet obstruction which can exist in up to21 percent of the patients.

Parâmetros da urofluxometria e do estudo fluxo/pressão em pacientes uroginecológicas / Uroflowmetry and flow pressure study parameters in urogynecology patients

OBJETIVO: Avaliar as taxas de fluxo no estudo urodinâmico (EUD) em pacientes com disfunção do trato urinário inferior e registrar os efeitos do diagnóstico final do EUD e da idade das pacientes sobre estas variáveis. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo que incluiu 205 mulheres. As pacientes foram divididas em três grupos: menos de 45 anos; entre 45 e 60 anos e mais que 60 anos. Estudamos os comportamentos dos fluxos máximo, médio e da pressão de abertura do detrusor (Padet) com o evoluir da idade. De forma semelhante, realizamos comparações das variáveis fluxos máximo e médio, Padet e vesical no fluxo máximo, consoante o diagnóstico final do EUD. RESULTADOS: Há forte declínio dos fluxos máximo, médio e da Padet com o evoluir da idade, sendo que a queda dos fluxos máximo e médio é significante quando comparamos as mulheres com mais de 65 anos (21,8 ml/s e 9,2 ml/s, respectivamente) com aquelas entre 45 e 60 anos (29 ml/s e 12,6 ml/s, respectivamente) e as demais (27,9 ml/s e 11,7 ml/s, respectivamente). Observamos redução significativa da Padet no grupo com mais de 60 anos (13,4 cmH2O) quando comparadas àquele com menos de 45 anos (21,2 cmH2O). A Padet teve redução significativa nas pacientes com incontinência urinária de esforço (IUE) associada a defeito esfincteriano (13,8 cmH2O) diagnosticados no EUD quando comparadas aquelas assintomáticas (20,7 cmH2O). CONCLUSÃO: Há diminuição das taxas de fluxo com o aumento da idade. Mulheres com IUE têm micção com menor Padet.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose was to evaluate urine flow rates in an urodynamic study (US) of patients with symptoms of lower urinary tract dysfunction and to record effects of final urodynamic diagnosis and age on these variables. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 205 women who had undergone urogynecological investigation. Patients were divided into three age groups: A (< 45 years); B (45 - 60 years) and C (> 60 years). Comportment of urine flow rates and opening detrusor pressure with increasing age were studied and resulting charts recorded. Comparison of maximum and average urine flow rates, opening detrusor pressure and detrusor pressure at the maximal flow according to final urodynamic diagnostic were also made. RESULTS: There was a decline of urine flow rates with increase of age, which was more significant between groups A X C and B X C. There was also a decline in opening detrusor pressure with aging, which was significant between groups A X C. When analyzing opening detrusor pressure according to final urodynamic diagnosis, a significant decline of this variable was observed in patients with urinary stress incontinence and intrinsic sphincter deficiency in relation to those who were asymptomatic. CONCLUSION: Urine flow rates decreased with age. Women with urinary stress incontinence and intrinsic sphincter deficiency void at a lower detrusor pressure.