Mucinous Cystadenoma Arising in a Uterine Isthmocele: A Case Report / Cistadenoma mucinoso surgindo em istmocele uterina: relato de caso

Abstract Isthmocele is a discontinuation of the myometrium at the uterine scar site in a patient with a previous cesarian section (CS). The cause of isthmocele appears to be multifactorial. Poor surgical technique, low incision location, uterine retroflection, obesity, smoking, inadequate healing of scars, and maternal age are possible related factors. Most patients with this condition are asymptomatic. However, women can present with postmenstrual bleeding, pelvic pain, subfertility, dysmenorrhea, infertility, and scar abscess. Brazil has one of the world s highest cesarean section rates. One of the consequences of the rising rate of CS is the isthmocele, an emerging female health problem. Here we report a case of mucinous cystadenoma arising in a uterine isthmocele, a complication, as far as we could investigate, not yet described in the literature.

Resumo Istmocele é a descontinuidade do miométrio no local da cicatriz uterina em paciente com cesariana anterior. A causa da istmocele parece ser multifatorial. Má técnica cirúrgica, baixa localização da incisão, retroflexão uterina, obesidade, tabagismo, cicatrização inadequada de cicatrizes e idade materna são possíveis fatores relacionados. A maioria dos pacientes com esta condição é assintomática. No entanto, as mulheres podem apresentar sangramento pós-menstrual, dor pélvica, subfertilidade, dismenorreia, infertilidade e abscesso cicatricial. O Brasil tem uma das maiores taxas de cesariana do mundo. Uma das consequências da taxa crescente de cesarianas é a istmocele, um problema emergente de saúde feminina. Aqui relatamos um caso de cistoadenoma mucinoso originado em uma istmocele uterina, uma complicação ainda não descrita, até onde pudemos investigar.

Ultrasound evaluation of uterine scar thickness after open fetal surgery for myelomeningocele.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to analyse the evolution of uterine scar thickness after open fetal surgery for myelomeningocele (MMC) by ultrasonography, and to establish a cut-off point for uterine scar thickness associated with high-risk of uterine rupture. METHODS: A prospective longitudinal study was conducted with 77 pregnant women who underwent open fetal surgery for MMC between 24 and 27 weeks of gestation. After fetal surgery, ultrasound follow-up was performed once a week, and the scar on the uterine wall was evaluated and its thickness was measured by transabdominal ultrasound. At least five measurements of the uterine scar thickness were performed during pregnancy. A receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve was constructed to obtain a cut-off point for the thickness of the scar capable of detecting the absence of thinning. Kaplan-Meier curves were constructed to evaluate the probability of thinning during pregnancy follow-up. RESULTS: The mean ± standard deviation of maternal age (years), gestational age at surgery (weeks), gestational age at delivery (weeks), and birth weight (g) were 30.6 ± 4.5, 26.1 ± 0.8, 34.3 ± 1.2 and 2287.4 ± 334.4, respectively. Thinning was observed in 23 patients (29.9%). Pregnant women with no thinning had an average of 17.1 ± 5.2 min longer surgery time than pregnant women with thinning. A decrease of 1.0 mm in the thickness of the uterine scar was associated with an increased likelihood of thinning by 1.81-fold (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.32-2.47; p < 0.001). The area below the ROC curve was 0.899 (95% CI: 0.806-0.954; p < 0.001), and the cut-off point was ≤ 3.0 mm, which simultaneously presented greater sensitivity and specificity. After 63 days of surgery, the probability of uterine scarring was 50% (95% CI: 58-69). CONCLUSION: A cut-off point of ≤ 3.0 mm in the thickness of the uterine scar after open fetal surgery for MMC may be used during ultrasonography monitoring for decision-making regarding the risk of uterine rupture and indication of caesarean section.

Gravidez ectópica em cicatriz de cesárea: série de casos com três possibilidades terapêuticas diferentes / Cesarean scar pregnancy: case series with three different types of management

A gestação ectópica em cicatriz de cesariana prévia é um evento iatrogênico raro, que vem crescendo junto com o aumento das taxas de cesariana. Ela não exi- be manifestação clínica específica, o que dificulta o diagnóstico e não apresenta tratamento preconizado, embora esteja associada a grandes complicações obsté- tricas como hemorragia incoercível, acretismo placentário e rotura uterina. Dessa forma, o presente artigo relata três casos clínicos em que diferentes tratamentos foram propostos, objetivando discutir algumas possibilidades terapêuticas como a aspiração manual intrauterina (AMIU) associada com o uso de metotrexato, lapa- roscopia e laparotomia, comparando os resultados encontrados.(AU)

Ectopic cesarean scar pregnancy is a rare iatrogenic event, which has been increase with growing in the percentage of cesarean delivery. It does not exhibit specific cli- nical manifestation, making diagnosis difficult and does not have yet recommended treatment, although is associated with major obstetrics complication such incoer- cible hemorrhage, abnormally invasive placenta and uterine rupture. Therefore, the present article reports three clinical cases witch different types of management, ai- ming discuss some possibilities such intrauterine manual aspiration after systemic methotrexate, laparoscopy or laparotomy surgical, comparing results.(AU)

Embarazo ectópico sobre serosa uterina, ¿abdominal primario? / Ectopic uterine serosal pregnancy, primary abdominal?

Se describe el caso de un embarazo ectópico de localización inusual sobre la serosa uterina, en una paciente con resección cornual previa por dos ectópicos consecutivos en dicha zona. De probable implantación abdominal primaria y sin evidencia de comunicación endometrial, fue resuelto con resección del tejido trofoblástico por vía laparoscópica.

The case of an ectopic pregnancy with unusual location on the uterine serosa in a patient with cornual resection after two consecutive ectopic pregnancies in that area is reported. It probably had a primary abdominal implantation without endometrial communication, and was treated with trophoblastic resection by laparoscopy.

Repercussões da cicatriz uterina resultante de cesariana prévia na dopplervelocimetria das artérias uterinas entre 26 e 32 semanas / Repercussions of previous cesarean uterine scar at uterine arteries Doppler velocimetry between the 26th and 32nd gestational weeks

OBJETIVO: Avaliar as repercussões da cicatriz uterina na dopplervelocimetria das artérias uterinas, entre 26 e 32 semanas, em gestantes primíparas com uma cesariana prévia, considerando quando esta foi realizada fora (cesárea eletiva) ou durante o trabalho de parto. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo transversal em 45 gestantes, divididas em três grupos: 17 gestantes com cicatriz prévia resultante de cesariana eletiva (grupo A); 14 gestantes com uma cicatriz prévia oriunda de cesariana executada em trabalho de parto (grupo B); 14 gestantes cujo único parto anterior foi realizado por via vaginal (grupo C). A dopplervelocimetria das artérias uterinas foi realizada pela via abdominal. Foram calculados as médias, medianas e desvios-padrão (DP) para cada grupo em estudo. Em relação ao índice de pulsatilidade, a comparação dos grupos foi conduzida pelo teste não paramétrico de Kruskal-Wallis. RESULTADOS: Os valores médios do índice de pulsatilidade no grupo A variaram de 0,60 a 1,60 (média: 0,90; DP: 0,29), no grupo B, de 0,53 a 1,43 (média: 0,87; DP: 0,24), e no grupo C, de 0,65 a 1,65 (média: 1,01; DP: 0,37); p = 0,6329. CONCLUSÃO: Não houve repercussões da cicatriz de cesariana prévia na dopplervelocimetria das artérias uterinas avaliadas de 26 a 32 semanas de gestação.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the possible repercussions of the previous cesarean scar at uterine arteries Doppler velocimetry between the 26th and 32nd gestational weeks. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prospective cross-sectional study including 45 women between 11 and 14 weeks of gestation, divided into three groups: 17 pregnant women with uterine scar resulting from a previous elective cesarean section (group A); 14 with uterine scar resulting from a previous cesarean section performed during labor (group B); and 14 pregnant women with a single previous vaginal delivery (group C). Uterine arteries Doppler velocimetry was performed with transabdominal approach. Means, medians and standard deviation (SD) were calculated for each group in the study. The groups comparison regarding pulsatility index was performed with the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS: In group A, the pulsatility index ranged from 0.60 to 1.60 (mean: 0.90; SD: 0.29), in group B, from 0.53 to 1.43 (mean: 0.87; SD: 0.24), and in group C, from 0.65 to 1.65 (mean: 1.01; SD: 0.37); with p = 0.6329. CONCLUSION: No repercussion of previous cesarean scar was observed at uterine arteries Doppler velocimetry performed in the period between the 26th and 32nd gestational weeks.