ABSTRACT
IntroducciónLa guía clínica para el manejo de la sepsis recomienda usar muestras de sangre arterial para el control glucémico. Un estudio multicéntrico en 86 unidades de cuidados intensivos españolas reveló que el 85,4% de estas utilizaban punción capilar.ObjetivoAnalizar la fiabilidad de la glucemia comparando diferentes muestras sanguíneas (arterial, venosa, capilar) e instrumentos (glucómetros, gasómetros, laboratorio central). Secundariamente, estimar el efecto de variables confusoras y el rendimiento de los instrumentos de medición determinados por las diferentes normas de calidad.MetodologíaRevisión sistemática y metanálisis con búsqueda en las bases de datos PubMed, CINAHL y Embase en septiembre-2021 y septiembre-2022, sin límites temporales ni idiomáticos. Fuentes de literatura gris: DART-Europe, OpenGrey y Google Académico. Resultados resumidos mediante síntesis cualitativa (descripción de resultados, características de los estudios) y cuantitativa (metanálisis para evaluar la diferencia de medias estandarizadas). Calidad metodológica de artículos evaluada con Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2. Protocolo: https://osf.io/ DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/T8KYP.ResultadosSe incluyeron un total de 32 artículos y 5.451 pacientes. No se obtuvieron discrepancias entre muestras arteriales con glucómetro vs. laboratorio (sesgo [IC95%]: 0,01 [−0,12 a 0,14] mg/dL). En cambio, muestras arteriales con gasómetro sí sobreestimaron de forma significativa (sesgo [IC95%]: 0,12 [0,01 a 0,24] mg/dL). La misma tendencia presentan capilares con glucómetro, aunque no de forma significativa (sesgo [IC95%]: 0,07 [−0,02 a 0,15] mg/dL). Hay discrepancia entre los estudios sobre el efecto del hematocrito y el equilibrio ácido-base. El mayor consenso se da en la poca concordancia del glucómetro con muestras capilares vs. laboratorio en presencia de shock y soporte vasopresor, situación de fallo renal o durante el tratamiento con vitamina C.Conclusiones... (AU)
IntroductionThe clinical guideline for the management of sepsis recommends using arterial blood samples for glycaemic control. A multicentre study in 86 Spanish intensive care units revealed that 85.4% of these used capillary puncture.ObjectiveTo analyse the reliability of glycaemia by comparing different blood samples (arterial, venous, capillary) and instruments (glucometers, gasometers, central laboratory). Secondarily, to estimate the effect of confounding variables and the performance of measuring instruments as determined by different quality standards.MethodologySystematic review and meta-analysis with search in PubMed, CINAHL and Embase databases in September-2021 and September-2022, with no time or language limits. Grey literature sources: DART-Europe, OpenGrey and Google Scholar. Results summarised by qualitative (description of results, study characteristics) and quantitative (meta-analysis to assess standardised mean difference) synthesis. Methodological quality of articles assessed with Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2. Protocol: https://osf.io/ DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/T8KYP.ResultsA total of 32 articles and 5451 patients were included. No discrepancies were obtained between arterial glucometer vs. laboratory samples (bias [95%CI]: 0.01 [−0.12 to 0.14] mg/dL). In contrast, arterial samples with a gasometer did significantly overestimate (bias [95%CI]: 0.12 [0.01 to 0.24] mg/dL). The same trend is seen in capillaries with a glucometer, although not significantly (bias [95%CI]: 0.07 [−0.02 to 0.15] mg/dL). There is discrepancy between studies on the effect of haematocrit and acid-base balance. The greatest consensus is on the poor agreement of glucometer with capillary vs. laboratory samples in the presence of shock and vasopressor support, renal failure or during vitamin C treatment.Conclusions... (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Young Adult , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , /methods , /statistics & numerical data , Intensive Care Units , Critical Illness , Data Accuracy , SpainABSTRACT
IntroducciónLa guía clínica para el manejo de la sepsis recomienda usar muestras de sangre arterial para el control glucémico. Un estudio multicéntrico en 86 unidades de cuidados intensivos españolas reveló que el 85,4% de estas utilizaban punción capilar.ObjetivoAnalizar la fiabilidad de la glucemia comparando diferentes muestras sanguíneas (arterial, venosa, capilar) e instrumentos (glucómetros, gasómetros, laboratorio central). Secundariamente, estimar el efecto de variables confusoras y el rendimiento de los instrumentos de medición determinados por las diferentes normas de calidad.MetodologíaRevisión sistemática y metanálisis con búsqueda en las bases de datos PubMed, CINAHL y Embase en septiembre-2021 y septiembre-2022, sin límites temporales ni idiomáticos. Fuentes de literatura gris: DART-Europe, OpenGrey y Google Académico. Resultados resumidos mediante síntesis cualitativa (descripción de resultados, características de los estudios) y cuantitativa (metanálisis para evaluar la diferencia de medias estandarizadas). Calidad metodológica de artículos evaluada con Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2. Protocolo: https://osf.io/ DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/T8KYP.ResultadosSe incluyeron un total de 32 artículos y 5.451 pacientes. No se obtuvieron discrepancias entre muestras arteriales con glucómetro vs. laboratorio (sesgo [IC95%]: 0,01 [−0,12 a 0,14] mg/dL). En cambio, muestras arteriales con gasómetro sí sobreestimaron de forma significativa (sesgo [IC95%]: 0,12 [0,01 a 0,24] mg/dL). La misma tendencia presentan capilares con glucómetro, aunque no de forma significativa (sesgo [IC95%]: 0,07 [−0,02 a 0,15] mg/dL). Hay discrepancia entre los estudios sobre el efecto del hematocrito y el equilibrio ácido-base. El mayor consenso se da en la poca concordancia del glucómetro con muestras capilares vs. laboratorio en presencia de shock y soporte vasopresor, situación de fallo renal o durante el tratamiento con vitamina C.Conclusiones... (AU)
IntroductionThe clinical guideline for the management of sepsis recommends using arterial blood samples for glycaemic control. A multicentre study in 86 Spanish intensive care units revealed that 85.4% of these used capillary puncture.ObjectiveTo analyse the reliability of glycaemia by comparing different blood samples (arterial, venous, capillary) and instruments (glucometers, gasometers, central laboratory). Secondarily, to estimate the effect of confounding variables and the performance of measuring instruments as determined by different quality standards.MethodologySystematic review and meta-analysis with search in PubMed, CINAHL and Embase databases in September-2021 and September-2022, with no time or language limits. Grey literature sources: DART-Europe, OpenGrey and Google Scholar. Results summarised by qualitative (description of results, study characteristics) and quantitative (meta-analysis to assess standardised mean difference) synthesis. Methodological quality of articles assessed with Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2. Protocol: https://osf.io/ DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/T8KYP.ResultsA total of 32 articles and 5451 patients were included. No discrepancies were obtained between arterial glucometer vs. laboratory samples (bias [95%CI]: 0.01 [−0.12 to 0.14] mg/dL). In contrast, arterial samples with a gasometer did significantly overestimate (bias [95%CI]: 0.12 [0.01 to 0.24] mg/dL). The same trend is seen in capillaries with a glucometer, although not significantly (bias [95%CI]: 0.07 [−0.02 to 0.15] mg/dL). There is discrepancy between studies on the effect of haematocrit and acid-base balance. The greatest consensus is on the poor agreement of glucometer with capillary vs. laboratory samples in the presence of shock and vasopressor support, renal failure or during vitamin C treatment.Conclusions... (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Young Adult , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , /methods , /statistics & numerical data , Intensive Care Units , Critical Illness , Data Accuracy , SpainABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: The clinical guideline for the management of sepsis, recommends using arterial blood samples for glycaemic control. A multicentre study in 86 Spanish intensive care units (ICU) revealed that 85.4% of ICUs used capillary puncture. OBJECTIVE: To analyse the reliability of glycaemia by comparing different blood samples (arterial, venous, capillary) and instruments (glucometers, gasometers, central laboratory). Secondarily, to estimate the effect of confounding variables and the performance of measuring instruments as determined by different quality standards. METHODOLOGY: Systematic review and meta-analysis with search in PubMed, CINAHL and Embase databases in September-2021 and September-2022, with no time or language limits. Grey literature sources: DART-Europe, OpenGrey and Google Scholar. Results summarised by qualitative (description of results, study characteristics) and quantitative (meta-analysis to assess standardised mean difference) synthesis. Methodological quality of articles assessed with Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 (QUADAS-2). PROTOCOL: https://osf.io/ DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/T8KYP. RESULTS: A total of 32 articles and 5451 patients were included. No discrepancies were obtained between arterial glucometer vs laboratory samples [bias (95%CI): 0.01 (-0.12 to 0.14) mg/dL]. In contrast, arterial samples with a gasometer did significantly overestimate [bias (95%CI): 0.12 (0.01 to 0.24) mg/dL]. The same trend is seen in capillaries with a glucometer, although not significantly [bias (95%CI): 0.07 (--0.02 to 0.15) mg/dL]. There is discrepancy between studies on the effect of haematocrit and acid-base balance. The greatest consensus is on the poor agreement of glucometer with capillary vs laboratory samples in the presence of shock and vasopressor support, renal failure or during vitamin C treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The evidence to date recommends the use of arterial blood with a blood glucose meter for better reliability of glycaemic analysis and less effect of possible confounding variables, frequently present in the critically ill adult patient.
Subject(s)
Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring , Blood Glucose , Adult , Humans , Critical Illness , Reproducibility of Results , Acid-Base Equilibrium , Multicenter Studies as TopicABSTRACT
Pancreatic cancer and biliary tract cancer have a poor prognosis. In recent years, the development of new diagnostic techniques has enabled the identification of the main genetic alterations involved in the development of these tumours. Multiple studies have assessed the ability to predict response to treatment of certain biomarkers, such as BRCA in pancreatic cancer, IDH1 or FGFR2 in biliary tract cancer and microsatellite instability or NTRK fusions in an agnostic tumour fashion. In this consensus, a group of experts selected by the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology (SEOM) and the Spanish Society of Pathology (SEAP) reviewed the role played by these mutations in the process of carcinogenesis and their clinical implications. Based on their results, a series of recommendations are made to optimize the determination of these biomarkers and thus help standardize the diagnosis and treatment of these tumours.
Subject(s)
Biliary Tract Neoplasms , Pancreatic Neoplasms , Humans , Consensus , Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics , Pancreatic Neoplasms/genetics , Medical Oncology , Biliary Tract Neoplasms/diagnosis , Biliary Tract Neoplasms/genetics , Pancreatic NeoplasmsABSTRACT
Pancreatic cancer and biliary tract cancer have a poor prognosis. In recent years, the development of new diagnostic techniques has enabled the identification of the main genetic alterations involved in the development of these tumours. Multiple studies have assessed the ability to predict response to treatment of certain biomarkers, such as BRCA in pancreatic cancer, IDH1 or FGFR2 in biliary tract cancer and microsatellite instability or NTRK fusions in an agnostic tumour fashion. In this consensus, a group of experts selected by the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology (SEOM) and the Spanish Society of Pathology (SEAP) reviewed the role played by these mutations in the process of carcinogenesis and their clinical implications. Based on their results, a series of recommendations are made to optimize the determination of these biomarkers and thus help standardize the diagnosis and treatment of these tumours.
El cáncer de páncreas y el de vías biliares son tumores de mal pronóstico. En los últimos años, el desarrollo de nuevas técnicas diagnósticas de biología molecular ha permitido conocer las principales alteraciones génicas implicadas en el desarrollo de estos tumores. Múltiples estudios han evaluado el carácter predictivo de respuesta a tratamiento de determinados biomarcadores, como BRCA en cáncer de páncreas, IDH1 y FGFR2 en tumores de vía biliar; y la inestabilidad de microsatélites y las fusiones de NTRK, para predecir la respuesta al tratamiento. En este consenso, un grupo de expertos seleccionado por la Sociedad Española de Oncología Médica (SEOM) y la Sociedad Española de Anatomía Patológica (SEAP) ha revisado el papel que desempeñan estas mutaciones en el proceso de carcinogénesis y sus implicaciones clínicas. Como resultado, en este artículo se proponen una serie de recomendaciones para optimizar la determinación de estos biomarcadores, con el fin de fomentar la estandarización en el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de estos tumores.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Medical Oncology , Consensus Development Conferences as Topic , Specialization , Biomarkers, Tumor , Pancreatic Neoplasms , Carcinogenesis , Spain , Pathology , Pathology, ClinicalABSTRACT
Objetivo: Este estudio retrospectivo tuvo como objetivo evaluar el papel de los parámetros metabólicos de la 18F-FDG PET/TC en el linfoma linfoblástico pediátrico (LBL).Métodos: Treinta pacientes con LBL se sometieron a 42 exploraciones. Los parámetros metabólicos, que incluyeron el valor máximo de captación estandarizado (SUVmax), el volumen tumoral metabólico total (TMTV) y la glucólisis de lesión total (TLG), se midieron en la PET/TC basal. Se realizaron análisis univariantes y multivariantes de la supervivencia para evaluar su valor pronóstico. Doce pacientes se sometieron a PET/TC después del régimen de reinducción, y se calcularon la sensibilidad, la especificidad, el valor predictivo positivo (VPP), el valor predictivo negativo (VPN) y la precisión de la PET/TC para predecir la recaída.Resultados: Los pacientes con estadio IV tuvieron una TMTV más alta que los que tenían un estadio III (p=0,031). Además, los pacientes con T-LBL o afectación mediastínica tenían una TMTV y TLG altos (p<0,05). No hubo diferencias significativas en los parámetros metabólicos de la PET/TC entre los pacientes con diferente evolución (p>0,05). Los niños con una TMTV baja (<242,91cm3) tuvieron una mejor EFS a los 3 años comparados con aquellos con una TMTV elevada (88.9% vs. 56,3%; p=0,036). El SUVmax y el TLG no fueron predictivos de la EFS (p=0,874; p=0,152). Sin embargo, ninguno de los parámetros metabólicos de la PET/TC basales fueron factores pronósticos independientes para los resultados del LBL pediátrico. La PET/TC realizada después del régimen de reinducción presentó una mayor sensibilidad (50% vs. 0%) y VPN (90% vs. 83,3%) para predecir la recaída que la TC sola.Conclusiones: Los parámetros metabólicos de la PET/TC de referencia no fueron predictivos de los resultados en los niños con LBL. La PET/TC realizada después del régimen de reinducción tuvo una mejor sensibilidad y VPN que la TC sola, y una exploración
Objective: This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the role of metabolic parameters of 18F-FDG PET/CT in pediatric lymphoblastic lymphoma (LBL).Methods: Thirty patients with LBL underwent 42 scans. Metabolic parameters including maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), total metabolic tumor volume (TMTV), and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) were measured at baseline PET/CT. Univariate and multivariate analysis for survival were performed to assess their prognostic value. Twelve patients underwent PET/CT after reinduction regime, and the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy of PET/CT for predicting relapse were calculated.Results: Patients with stage IV had a higher TMTV than those with stage III (P=0.031). Besides, patients with T-LBL or mediastinal involvement had a high TMTV and TLG (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in PET/CT metabolic parameters between patients with different outcomes (P>0.05). Children with a low TMTV (<242.91cm3) had a better 3-year EFS compared with those with a high TMTV (88.9% vs. 56.3%; P=0.036). SUVmax and TLG were not predictive of EFS (P=0.874; P=0.152). However, none of the metabolic parameters of baseline PET/CT were independent prognostic factors for outcomes of pediatric LBL. PET/CT underwent after reinduction regime present with higher sensitivity (50% vs. 0%) and NPV (90% vs. 83.3%) for predicting relapse than CT alone.Conclusions: Metabolic parameters of baseline PET/CT were not predictive of outcomes in children with LBL. PET/CT done after the reinduction regime had better sensitivity and NPV than CT alone, and a negative scan could be a reliable indicator for sustained remission (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 , Radiopharmaceuticals , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/diagnostic imaging , Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography , Neoplasm Recurrence, LocalABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the role of metabolic parameters of 18F-FDG PET/CT in pediatric lymphoblastic lymphoma (LBL). METHODS: Thirty patients with LBL underwent 42 scans. Metabolic parameters including maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), total metabolic tumor volume (TMTV), and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) were measured at baseline PET/CT. Univariate and multivariate analysis for survival were performed to assess their prognostic value. Twelve patients underwent PET/CT after reinduction regime, and the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy of PET/CT for predicting relapse were calculated. RESULTS: Patients with stage â £ had a higher TMTV than those with stage III (pâ¯=â¯0.031). Besides, patients with T-LBL or mediastinal involvement had a high TMTV and TLG (pâ¯<â¯0.05). There was no significant difference in PET/CT metabolic parameters between patients with different outcomes (pâ¯>â¯0.05). Children with a low TMTV (<242.91â¯cm³) had a better 3-year EFS compared with those with a high TMTV (88.9% vs. 56.3%; pâ¯=â¯0.036). SUVmax and TLG were not predictive of EFS (pâ¯=â¯0.874; pâ¯=â¯0.152). However, none of the metabolic parameters of baseline PET/CT were independent prognostic factors for outcomes of pediatric LBL. PET/CT underwent after reinduction regime present with higher sensitivity (50% vs. 0%) and NPV (90% vs. 83.3%) for predicting relapse than CT alone. CONCLUSIONS: Metabolic parameters of baseline PET/CT were not predictive of outcomes in children with LBL. PET/CT done after the reinduction regime had better sensitivity and NPV than CT alone, and a negative scan could be a reliable indicator for sustained remission.
Subject(s)
Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma , Child , Fluorodeoxyglucose F18/metabolism , Humans , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/diagnostic imaging , Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
AIM: To evaluate 18F-FDG-PET/CT for suspected ovarian cancer relapse with negative/inconclusive conventional imaging, or restaging potentially resectable ovarian cancer relapse. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-six cases and 140 locations were studied. PET/CT, ceCT and serum CA-125 was conducted in all cases. Nineteen cases were requested for restaging, 17 for suspected relapse. We compared ceCT and PET/CT, assessed by histopathology or radiological follow-up, calculating sensitivity (S) and positive predictive value (PPV) by cases and lesions. We evaluated the correlation between size, number, uptake of the lesions and CA-125. We conducted survival analysis, using ROC curves to calculate the optimal cut-off of SUVmax for survival prediction. We checked whether PET/CT modify the therapeutic attitude vs. conventional imaging. RESULTS: PET/CT and ceCT were concordant in 12 cases: 11 positives (30 lesions), all confirmed. There was 1 FN. In the 24 non-concordant, PET/CT was positive in 19 (97 lesions); ceCT in 21 (59 lesions); 54% of the lesions were concordant. Overall, PET/CT detected 127 lesions, with S=97% and PPV=100%. ceCT detected 89 lesions, with S=61% and PPV=90%. No significant correlation was found between CA-125 and the other parameters. PET/CT detected 10 positive cases, with normal CA-125. PET/CT modified therapeutic management in 15 cases. Significant differences were found in survival with SUVmax=11.8 CONCLUSIONS: PET/CT plays an important role in ovarian cancer relapse, with sensitivity and PPV higher than ceCT, modified therapeutic management in up to 42% of cases, and could be a valuable tool for predicting survival.
Subject(s)
Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/diagnostic imaging , Ovarian Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography , Radiopharmaceuticals , CA-125 Antigen/blood , Contrast Media , Female , Humans , Incidental Findings , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/blood , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/therapy , Neoplasm Staging , Ovarian Neoplasms/blood , Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology , Ovarian Neoplasms/therapy , Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography/statistics & numerical data , Predictive Value of Tests , Prognosis , ROC Curve , Retrospective Studies , Sensitivity and Specificity , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/statistics & numerical data , Tumor BurdenABSTRACT
Lung cancer is a fairly common malignancy. An early diagnosis and a reliable staging and re-staging with the aim to detect both local and distant relapse are of utmost importance in planning the therapeutic management. The imaging diagnostic work-up of patients with lung cancer usually includes conventional imaging (chest X-ray, contrast-enhanced CT, bone scan) and more recently 18F-FDG PET/CT. Great advances in the management of lung cancer are based on the information provided by 18F-FDG PET/CT, as it supplies both metabolic and anatomic information (better localisation). There is vast evidence in the literature demonstrating its utility in (a) characterising benign versus malignant solitary nodules, (b) staging and re-staging lung cancer, (c) guiding the type of therapy, (d) monitoring treatment response and (e) predicting outcome. In particular, given its specificity in differentiating 18F-FDG-avid relapse from post-surgical changes or post-radiation fibrosis (which do not take up 18F-FDG), PET/CT can detect recurrent disease after initial treatment and (being a whole-body technique) has demonstrated high accuracy in the detection of distant metastases or secondary tumours. In conclusion, 18F-FDG PET/CT can be considered a highly accurate and reliable method for staging and re-staging lung cancer, and is highly effective in guiding personalised therapies.
Subject(s)
Lung Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography/methods , Chemoradiotherapy , Clinical Decision-Making , Combined Modality Therapy , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Diagnosis, Differential , Early Diagnosis , Fibrosis , Fluorine Radioisotopes , Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 , Humans , Lung Diseases/diagnosis , Lung Neoplasms/pathology , Lung Neoplasms/surgery , Lung Neoplasms/therapy , Meta-Analysis as Topic , Neoplasm Metastasis , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/diagnostic imaging , Neoplasm Staging/methods , Pneumonectomy , Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography/economics , Radiofrequency Ablation , Radiopharmaceuticals , Radiosurgery , Sensitivity and Specificity , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Background: Protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) is a known postoperative complication affecting about 10% of patients surgically managed with Fontan procedure. The mortality rate associated with this complication increases to 50%. Objective: To determine the risk factors associated to the development of PLE in patients surgically managed with Fontan procedure. Methods: This was a case-cohort study, and the universe of the trial comprised all patients treated with univentricular surgery. We included male and female patients with congenital heart disease that conditioned a single ventricle syndrome. Those patients with previous intestinal disease causing protein loss, were excluded, cow's milk protein allergy, intestinal resection (previous or after heart surgery), use of cyclic parenteral nutrition or Fontan's dismantlement. Follow-up began immediately after hospital discharge from Fontan procedure. Outcome variable was the development of PLE; independent variables were some before and after surgery hemodynamic and echocardiographic variables, infections and treatment. Statistical analysis: We used measures of statistical dispersion and central tendency. Risk was calculated for each variable estimating the hazard ratio (HR), adjusted for confounding factors; and Kaplan-Meier estimator was used for survival analysis. Results: Eleven (26%) out from patients 42 developed PLE. The median of time between Fontan procedure and the development of this complication was five years. The prognostic variables were: systolic pressure of pulmonary artery between 12-15 mmHg, > 3 years between Glenn and Fontan procedures, aggravated chronic malnutrition, direct bilirubin values > 1.5 mg/dL, pulmonary resistances (APR) between 3-3.5 Wood units, previous hepatomegaly and pleural effusion > 6 day-period. The probability of dying from PLE was 63% in a 10-year period. Conclusions: The prognostic factors associated with PLE are previous hepatic damage and borderlines values of venous pressure.
Antecedentes: La enteropatía perdedora de proteínas (EPP) es una conocida complicación que afecta alrededor del 10% de los sujetos operados con el procedimiento de Fontan. La mortalidad asociada a esta complicación se eleva al 50%. Objetivo: Determinar los factores de riesgo asociados al desarrollo de EPP en pacientes postoperados de procedimiento de Fontan. Métodos: Este es un estudio de caso-cohorte y el universo comprendió a todos los pacientes corregidos con cirugía univentricular. Se incluyeron pacientes de ambos géneros, con cardiopatías que condicionaran síndrome de ventrículo único. Se excluyeron aquellos con enfermedad previa intestinal causante de pérdida de proteínas, alergia a las proteínas de la leche de vaca, resección intestinal (previa o después de la cirugía cardiaca), aquellos con nutrición parenteral cíclica o desmantelamiento del Fontan. El inicio de seguimiento comenzó inmediatamente después del egreso de la cirugía de Fontan. La variable de desenlace fue el desarrollo de enteropatía perdedora de proteínas. Las variables independientes estudiadas fueron algunas variables hemodinámicas y ecocardiográficas pre- y postquirúrgicas, infecciones y tratamiento. Análisis estadístico: Se usaron medidas de dispersión y tendencia central. Se calculó el riesgo por cada variable, estimando el cociente de riesgo (Hazard Ratio, HR en inglés), ajustándose a variables de confusión. Se utilizó el estimador de Kaplan-Meier para el análisis de supervivencia. Resultados: Once de 42 pacientes (26%) desarrollaron EPP. La mediana de tiempo entre la cirugía de Fontan y el desarrollo de esta complicación fue de cinco años. Las variables pronósticas fueron presión sistólica de la arteria pulmonar entre 12-15 mmHg, el tiempo > 3 años entre las intervenciones de Glenn y Fontan, la desnutrición crónica agudizada, una cifra de bilirrubina directa > 1.5 mg/dL, URP entre 3 y 3.5 Unidades Wood, hepatomegalia previa y derrame > 6 días. La probabilidad de mortalidad al desarrollar EPP a 10 años fue de 63%. Conclusiones: Los factores pronósticos asociados a EPP son el daño hepático previo y las variables limítrofes de presión venosa.
ABSTRACT
La meningitis se caracteriza por una marcada respuesta inflamatoria en el espacio subaracnoideo, que se acompaña de la producción intratecal de múltiples mediadores entre los que se hallan citocinas como el factor de necrosis tumoral alfa, la interleucina-1-beta y la interleucina-6. El objetivo del presente estudio fue estimar la concentración de interleucina-6 (IL-6) y proteína C-reactiva en el líquido cefalorraquídeo y el suero de pacientes con meningitis; determinar la posible relación entre estas concentraciones y la etiología de la meningitis; y precisar si existe asociación entre estas variables y la estadía hospitalaria. Se seleccionó una muestra de 18 pacientes con meningitis: 6 pacientes con diagnóstico de meningitis de etiología bacteriana y 12 pacientes con diagnóstico de meningitis aséptica. A ambos grupos se les realizó cuantificación de IL-6 y proteína C-reactiva en el líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR) y el suero, además, citología y proteínas en LCR. Las concentraciones de IL-6 en el líquido cefalorraquídeo en la meningitis bacteriana resultaron superiores a las del suero de estos pacientes y a las del LCR y suero de pacientes con meningitis aséptica. La proteína C-reactiva alcanzó cifras superiores en el suero de la meningitis bacteriana. La concentración de IL-6 en líquido se correlacionó directamente con la estadía hospitalaria. La concentración de IL-6 en el líquido cefalorraquídeo y de la proteína C-reactiva en el suero puede contribuir a la precisión del diagnóstico diferencial entre meningitis aséptica y bacteriana. La concentración de IL-6 en el LCR permite valorar la envergadura del proceso inflamatorio que tiene lugar en el sistema nervioso central en la meningitis. La concentración de IL-6 selectivamente elevada en el LCR es un marcador de la compartimentalización de la respuesta inflamatoria y un potencial indicador del daño en el sistema nervioso central en la meningitis bacteriana.
Meningitis is characterized by a marked inflammatory response in subarachnoid space, accompanied by the intrathecal production of many mediators including cytokines as ß-tumor necrosis factor, â-interleukin-1 and interleukin-6. The aim of present paper was to estimate the concentration of interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and in serum from meningitis patients; to determine the possible relation among these concentrations, and meningitis etiology, and to set if there is an association among these variables and hospital stay. A sample of 18 patients presenting with meningitis was selected: 6 patients diagnosed with meningitis of bacterial origin and 12 patients diagnosed with aseptic meningitis. In both groups we quantified interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein in CSF and in serum, as well as cytology and proteins in CSF. Concentrations of interleukin-6 in CSF in bacterial meningitis were higher than those of serum from these patients, and than those of CSF and serum from aseptic meningitis patients. C-reactive protein reached figures higher in bacterial meningitis serum. Interleukin-6 concentration in CSF was directly correlated with hospital stay. Interleukin-6 in CSF and of C-reactive protein in serum may to contribute to the accuracy in differential diagnosis between aseptic meningitis and the bacterial one. Interleukin-6 concentration in CSF allows us to assess the significance of inflammatory process in the CNS in meningitis. The selectively high interleukin-6 concentration in CSF is a marker to compartmentalize the inflammatory response, and a potential damage indicator in CNS in bacterial meningitis.
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , /analysis , /cerebrospinal fluid , Meningitis/etiology , C-Reactive Protein/analysis , C-Reactive Protein/cerebrospinal fluid , Cross-Sectional Studies , Epidemiology, DescriptiveABSTRACT
La meningitis se caracteriza por una marcada respuesta inflamatoria en el espacio subaracnoideo, que se acompaña de la producción intratecal de múltiples mediadores entre los que se hallan citocinas como el factor de necrosis tumoral alfa, la interleucina-1-beta y la interleucina-6. El objetivo del presente estudio fue estimar la concentración de interleucina-6 (IL-6) y proteína C-reactiva en el líquido cefalorraquídeo y el suero de pacientes con meningitis; determinar la posible relación entre estas concentraciones y la etiología de la meningitis; y precisar si existe asociación entre estas variables y la estadía hospitalaria. Se seleccionó una muestra de 18 pacientes con meningitis: 6 pacientes con diagnóstico de meningitis de etiología bacteriana y 12 pacientes con diagnóstico de meningitis aséptica. A ambos grupos se les realizó cuantificación de IL-6 y proteína C-reactiva en el líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR) y el suero, además, citología y proteínas en LCR. Las concentraciones de IL-6 en el líquido cefalorraquídeo en la meningitis bacteriana resultaron superiores a las del suero de estos pacientes y a las del LCR y suero de pacientes con meningitis aséptica. La proteína C-reactiva alcanzó cifras superiores en el suero de la meningitis bacteriana. La concentración de IL-6 en líquido se correlacionó directamente con la estadía hospitalaria. La concentración de IL-6 en el líquido cefalorraquídeo y de la proteína C-reactiva en el suero puede contribuir a la precisión del diagnóstico diferencial entre meningitis aséptica y bacteriana. La concentración de IL-6 en el LCR permite valorar la envergadura del proceso inflamatorio que tiene lugar en el sistema nervioso central en la meningitis. La concentración de IL-6 selectivamente elevada en el LCR es un marcador de la compartimentalización de la respuesta inflamatoria y un potencial indicador del daño en el sistema nervioso central en la meningitis bacteriana(AU)
Meningitis is characterized by a marked inflammatory response in subarachnoid space, accompanied by the intrathecal production of many mediators including cytokines as ß-tumor necrosis factor, â-interleukin-1 and interleukin-6. The aim of present paper was to estimate the concentration of interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and in serum from meningitis patients; to determine the possible relation among these concentrations, and meningitis etiology, and to set if there is an association among these variables and hospital stay. A sample of 18 patients presenting with meningitis was selected: 6 patients diagnosed with meningitis of bacterial origin and 12 patients diagnosed with aseptic meningitis. In both groups we quantified interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein in CSF and in serum, as well as cytology and proteins in CSF. Concentrations of interleukin-6 in CSF in bacterial meningitis were higher than those of serum from these patients, and than those of CSF and serum from aseptic meningitis patients. C-reactive protein reached figures higher in bacterial meningitis serum. Interleukin-6 concentration in CSF was directly correlated with hospital stay. Interleukin-6 in CSF and of C-reactive protein in serum may to contribute to the accuracy in differential diagnosis between aseptic meningitis and the bacterial one. Interleukin-6 concentration in CSF allows us to assess the significance of inflammatory process in the CNS in meningitis. The selectively high interleukin-6 concentration in CSF is a marker to compartmentalize the inflammatory response, and a potential damage indicator in CNS in bacterial meningitis(AU)
