ABSTRACT
Resumen
Introducción: el enfoque social de una lesión cerebral por traumatismo craneoencefálico, de primera instancia, tiene que ver con la adquisición de una discapacidad que tendrá un impacto importante sobre la función social de quién lo padece.
Desarrollo: incluye los aspectos de percepción y manejo del trauma craneoencefálico, el cual se manifiesta por deterioro físico o funcional con daño neuropsicológico, la presencia de lesiones primarias y lesiones secundarias denominadas insultos extra neurológicos interfieren en la atención, la memoria, las funciones frontales, la emoción y la conducta. La valoración neuropsicológica posterior al traumatismo craneoencefálico se enfoca al deterioro intelectual, la movilidad voluntaria y el nivel de conciencia.
Conclusiones: el entorno social de las personas con traumatismo craneoencefálico, de acuerdo con la magnitud de la lesión, pueden presentar reacciones antisociales, por lo tanto la intervención de un profesional neuroeducador es la mejor alternativa para mejorar las respuestas conductuales, cognitivas y de aprendizaje.
Abstract
Introduction: The social approach to a brain injury due to traumatic brain injury, first instance has to do with the acquisition of a disability, which will have a significant impact on the social function of who has it.
Development: Includes aspects of perception and management of cranioencephalic trauma, which is manifested by physical or functional impairment with neuropsychological damage, presence of primary lesions and secondary lesions called extra neurological insults interfere with attention, memory, frontal functions, emotion and behavior. The neuropsychological assessment after traumatic brain injury focuses on intellectual deterioration, voluntary mobility and level of consciousnes.
Conclusions: The social environment of people with traumatic brain injury, according to the magnitude of the injury, may present antisocial reactions; therefore the intervention of a neuroeducator is the best alternative to improve the behavioral, cognitive and learning responses.
Subject(s)
Humans , Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery , Wounds and Injuries , Brain Injuries, Traumatic , Head Injuries, Penetrating , Mexico , HumansABSTRACT
The presence of cognitive impairment generates important changes in both affected individuals and their families and the health staff who must provide adequate care. Early identification of this alteration allows appropriate diagnosis and treatment and psychosocial and educational support, as well as the possibility of establishing care, life and financial plans. The interest of the scientific community in age-related cognitive alterations is demonstrated by the abundance of criteria and classifications. Obviously, there is a need to unify these criteria and implement longitudinal studies in order to reach reliable conclusions. Clinical assessment of the distinct cognitive domains should include careful history-taking and the use of diagnostic neuropsychological batteries. First, the ideal screening test would be one that could be administered in a few minutes, with a cut-off point that would identify patients requiring further assessment for correct diagnosis. The use of dynamic biomarkers is based on the hypothesis that they have a specific time-dependent model. These biomarkers include, firstly, markers of amyloidosis and, secondly, markers of neurodegeneration. Cognitive frailty is an emerging term inspired by a potential parallel with physical frailty syndrome. A subgroup of patients with cognitive impairment show a reduced capacity for recovery and functional decline that interact with physical frailty. The evidence suggests that cognitive status represents an important dimension of frailty syndrome.
