ABSTRACT
Over the past few years, venereal or sexually transmitted infections (STIs) have been on the rise worldwide requiring additional specialized monographic consultations to specifically treat STIs. Therefore, the Spanish Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (AEDV) Research Working Group on STIs and HIV has drafted this document with the necessary requirements in terms of infrastructure, personnel, technology, specific materials for sample collection, and needs for current therapeutic options. Strict emphasis is placed on the protection of patient privacy. A health care circuit model is outlined too. Additionally, a section has been included on contact tracking and reporting, key elements for the effective prevention and control of STIs. These clinical practice guidelines seek to establish a clinical action framework adapted to the current challenges posed by STIs and HIV in the dermatology, venereology, and multidisciplinary settings.
Subject(s)
Sexually Transmitted Diseases , Venereology , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/prevention & control , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/therapy , Humans , Venereology/standards , Patient Care Team , Spain , HIV Infections , Contact Tracing , Dermatology/standards , ConfidentialityABSTRACT
Antecedentes y objetivo El SARS-CoV-2 se transmite con más facilidad por cercanía física, inherente a las relaciones sexuales, lo que ha hecho plantearse que pueda haber una mayor incidencia de COVID-19 en personas con infecciones venéreas o de transmisión sexual (ITS) o en riesgo de adquirirlas. Por este motivo, buscamos estimar la seroprevalencia de anticuerpos frente a SARS-CoV-2 en personas que acuden a una consulta monográfica de ITS, comparar dicha seroprevalencia con la estimada en nuestra región y estudiar los factores asociados. Material y método Estudio observacional transversal que incluye a pacientes mayores de 18 años aún no vacunados atendidos en una consulta monográfica municipal de ITS para estudio o cribado, incluidos de forma consecutiva de marzo a abril de 2021. Se realizó test serológico rápido para SARS-CoV-2 y se recogieron variables demográficas, sociales y sexuales, diagnósticos de ITS y antecedentes de síntomas compatibles con infección por SARS-CoV-2. Resultados Se incluyó a 512 pacientes, el 37% mujeres. Tuvieron alguna prueba positiva a SARS-CoV-2 124 pacientes (24,2%). Se relacionaron con un resultado positivo: el uso de mascarillas tipo FFP2 (OR 0,50) y el número de parejas sexuales superior a la mediana (OR 1,80). El uso de mascarillas FFP2 no se distribuyó de manera aleatoria en la muestra. Conclusiones La población sexualmente activa ha tenido pruebas positivas a SARS-CoV-2 con más frecuencia que la población general. La principal vía de contagio en este grupo parece ser la vía respiratoria, por lo que la transmisión sexual es probablemente limitada y está relacionada con la proximidad que implican las relaciones sexuales (AU)
Background and objective SARS-CoV-2 is more easily spread by close contact, which is inherent to sexual intercourse. People with, or at risk for, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) may therefore have higher rates of COVID-19. The aim of this study was to estimate SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence in people seen at a dedicated STI clinic, compare our findings to the estimated seroprevalence in the local general population, and study factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in this setting. Material and methods Cross-sectional observational study including consecutive patients older than 18 years of age who had not yet been vaccinated against COVID-19 and who underwent examination or screening at a dedicated municipal STI clinic in March and April 2021. We ordered rapid SARS-CoV-2 serology and collected information on demographic, social, and sexual variables, STI diagnoses, and history of symptoms compatible with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Results We studied 512 patients (37% women). Fourteen (24.2%) had a positive SARS-CoV-2 test. Variables associated with positivity were use of FFP2 masks (odds ratio 0.50) and a higher-than-average number of sexual partners (odds ratio 1.80). Use of FFP2 masks was not randomly distributed in this sample. Conclusions Sexually active members of the population in this study had a higher incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection than the general population. The main route of infection in this group appears to be respiratory, linked to close contact during sexual encounters; sexual transmission of the virus is probably limited (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Young Adult , Adult , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/complications , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/epidemiology , Coronavirus Infections/complications , Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis , Cross-Sectional Studies , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Incidence , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Spain/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Background and objective SARS-CoV-2 is more easily spread by close contact, which is inherent to sexual intercourse. People with, or at risk for, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) may therefore have higher rates of COVID-19. The aim of this study was to estimate SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence in people seen at a dedicated STI clinic, compare our findings to the estimated seroprevalence in the local general population, and study factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in this setting. Material and methods Cross-sectional observational study including consecutive patients older than 18 years of age who had not yet been vaccinated against COVID-19 and who underwent examination or screening at a dedicated municipal STI clinic in March and April 2021. We ordered rapid SARS-CoV-2 serology and collected information on demographic, social, and sexual variables, STI diagnoses, and history of symptoms compatible with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Results We studied 512 patients (37% women). Fourteen (24.2%) had a positive SARS-CoV-2 test. Variables associated with positivity were use of FFP2 masks (odds ratio 0.50) and a higher-than-average number of sexual partners (odds ratio 1.80). Use of FFP2 masks was not randomly distributed in this sample. Conclusions Sexually active members of the population in this study had a higher incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection than the general population. The main route of infection in this group appears to be respiratory, linked to close contact during sexual encounters; sexual transmission of the virus is probably limited (AU)
Antecedentes y objetivo El SARS-CoV-2 se transmite con más facilidad por cercanía física, inherente a las relaciones sexuales, lo que ha hecho plantearse que pueda haber una mayor incidencia de COVID-19 en personas con infecciones venéreas o de transmisión sexual (ITS) o en riesgo de adquirirlas. Por este motivo, buscamos estimar la seroprevalencia de anticuerpos frente a SARS-CoV-2 en personas que acuden a una consulta monográfica de ITS, comparar dicha seroprevalencia con la estimada en nuestra región y estudiar los factores asociados. Material y método Estudio observacional transversal que incluye a pacientes mayores de 18 años aún no vacunados atendidos en una consulta monográfica municipal de ITS para estudio o cribado, incluidos de forma consecutiva de marzo a abril de 2021. Se realizó test serológico rápido para SARS-CoV-2 y se recogieron variables demográficas, sociales y sexuales, diagnósticos de ITS y antecedentes de síntomas compatibles con infección por SARS-CoV-2. Resultados Se incluyó a 512 pacientes, el 37% mujeres. Tuvieron alguna prueba positiva a SARS-CoV-2 124 pacientes (24,2%). Se relacionaron con un resultado positivo: el uso de mascarillas tipo FFP2 (OR 0,50) y el número de parejas sexuales superior a la mediana (OR 1,80). El uso de mascarillas FFP2 no se distribuyó de manera aleatoria en la muestra. Conclusiones La población sexualmente activa ha tenido pruebas positivas a SARS-CoV-2 con más frecuencia que la población general. La principal vía de contagio en este grupo parece ser la vía respiratoria, por lo que la transmisión sexual es probablemente limitada y está relacionada con la proximidad que implican las relaciones sexuales (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Young Adult , Adult , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/complications , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/epidemiology , Coronavirus Infections/complications , Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis , Cross-Sectional Studies , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Incidence , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Spain/epidemiologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: SARS-CoV-2 is more easily spread by close contact, which is inherent to sexual intercourse. People with, or at risk for, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) may therefore have higher rates of COVID-19. The aim of this study was to estimate SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence in people seen at a dedicated STI clinic, compare our findings to the estimated seroprevalence in the local general population, and study factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in this setting. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cross-sectional observational study including consecutive patients older than 18 years of age who had not yet been vaccinated against COVID-19 and who underwent examination or screening at a dedicated municipal STI clinic in March and April 2021. We ordered rapid SARS-CoV-2 serology and collected information on demographic, social, and sexual variables, STI diagnoses, and history of symptoms compatible with SARS-CoV-2 infection. RESULTS: We studied 512 patients (37% women). Fourteen (24.2%) had a positive SARS-CoV-2 test. Variables associated with positivity were use of FFP2 masks (odds ratio 0.50) and a higher-than-average number of sexual partners (odds ratio 1.80). Use of FFP2 masks was not randomly distributed in this sample. CONCLUSIONS: Sexually active members of the population in this study had a higher incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection than the general population. The main route of infection in this group appears to be respiratory, linked to close contact during sexual encounters; sexual transmission of the virus is probably limited.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Sexual Health , Sexually Transmitted Diseases , Humans , Female , Male , COVID-19/epidemiology , SARS-CoV-2 , Incidence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/epidemiology , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/prevention & controlABSTRACT
Introducción: Las infecciones e infestaciones de transmisión predominantemente sexual y otras dermatosis anogenitales forman parte de la formación específica de los médicos especialistas en Dermatología y Venereología en España. El presente estudio pretende analizar la carga que suponen dichas patologías en la actividad dermatológica pública y privada del sistema de salud español. Material y método: Estudio observacional de corte transversal de dos períodos de tiempo describiendo los diagnósticos realizados en consultas externas dermatológicas, obtenidos a través de la encuesta anónima DIADERM, realizada a una muestra aleatoria y representativa de dermatólogos. A partir de la codificación de diagnósticos CIE-10, se seleccionó toda la patología relacionada (36 diagnósticos codificados en los dos períodos), que se clasificó en 12 grupos. Resultados: Tan solo el 3,16% de los diagnósticos globales fueron de infecciones e infestaciones de transmisión predominantemente sexual y otras dermatosis anogenitales. Los 3 grupos diagnósticos más frecuentes fueron las lesiones por virus del papiloma humano anogenital, seguido de los molluscum contagiosum y las dermatosis anogenitales inflamatorias. Con significación estadística, y comparando con el global de diagnósticos, los seleccionados constituyeron más habitualmente el motivo de consulta primario y, en el ámbito privado, fue más frecuente que viniesen derivados de otros especialistas. Conclusión: Las infecciones e infestaciones de transmisión predominantemente sexual y otras dermatosis anogenitales tienen un peso muy limitado en la asistencia dermatológica en España, a pesar de que la inclusión del diagnóstico de molluscum contagiosum sobreestima estos diagnósticos. La ausencia de inclusión de centros y consultas monográficas de ITS en la muestra aleatoria contribuye a la infrarrepresentación de estas parcelas de la especialidad. Es importante hacer un esfuerzo decidido por potenciarlas con consultas y centros (AU)
Background and objective: Predominantly sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and infestations and other anogenital dermatoses are covered in the training of specialists in dermatology and venereology in Spain. This study aimed to analyze the proportion of the dermatology caseload these diseases account for within the public and private dermatological activity of the Spanish health system. Material and methods: Observational cross-sectional study of time periods describing the diagnoses made in outpatient dermatology clinics, obtained through the anonymous DIADERM survey of a representative random sample of dermatologists. Based on diagnostic codes of the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, 36 related diagnoses were selected, and classified into 12 groups. Results: Only 3.16% of diagnoses corresponded to STIs and other anogenital dermatoses. The most common diagnostic group was anogenital human papillomavirus infection, followed by molluscum contagiosum, and inflammatory anogenital dermatoses. Lesions with these diagnoses were usually the main reasons for first visits in the National Health Service. In private practice, the diagnoses usually came after referrals from other physicians. Conclusions: STIs and other anogenital dermatoses account for a very small proportion of the dermatology caseload in Spain, although the inclusion of molluscum contagiosum diagnoses overestimates these conditions. The fact that no STI centers or monographic STI consultations were included in the random sample of dermatology partly explains the under-representation of these areas of the specialty. A determined effort to support and promote monographic STI centres and clinics should be made (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Health Care Surveys , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/diagnosis , Skin Diseases, Infectious/diagnosis , Anus Diseases/diagnosis , Dermatologists , Cross-Sectional Studies , SpainABSTRACT
Background and objective: Predominantly sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and infestations and other anogenital dermatoses are covered in the training of specialists in dermatology and venereology in Spain. This study aimed to analyze the proportion of the dermatology caseload these diseases account for within the public and private dermatological activity of the Spanish health system. Material and methods: Observational cross-sectional study of time periods describing the diagnoses made in outpatient dermatology clinics, obtained through the anonymous DIADERM survey of a representative random sample of dermatologists. Based on diagnostic codes of the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, 36 related diagnoses were selected, and classified into 12 groups. Results: Only 3.16% of diagnoses corresponded to STIs and other anogenital dermatoses. The most common diagnostic group was anogenital human papillomavirus infection, followed by molluscum contagiosum, and inflammatory anogenital dermatoses. Lesions with these diagnoses were usually the main reasons for first visits in the National Health Service. In private practice, the diagnoses usually came after referrals from other physicians. Conclusions: STIs and other anogenital dermatoses account for a very small proportion of the dermatology caseload in Spain, although the inclusion of molluscum contagiosum diagnoses overestimates these conditions. The fact that no STI centers or monographic STI consultations were included in the random sample of dermatology partly explains the under-representation of these areas of the specialty. A determined effort to support and promote monographic STI centres and clinics should be made (AU)
Introducción: Las infecciones e infestaciones de transmisión predominantemente sexual y otras dermatosis anogenitales forman parte de la formación específica de los médicos especialistas en Dermatología y Venereología en España. El presente estudio pretende analizar la carga que suponen dichas patologías en la actividad dermatológica pública y privada del sistema de salud español. Material y método: Estudio observacional de corte transversal de dos períodos de tiempo describiendo los diagnósticos realizados en consultas externas dermatológicas, obtenidos a través de la encuesta anónima DIADERM, realizada a una muestra aleatoria y representativa de dermatólogos. A partir de la codificación de diagnósticos CIE-10, se seleccionó toda la patología relacionada (36 diagnósticos codificados en los dos períodos), que se clasificó en 12 grupos. Resultados: Tan solo el 3,16% de los diagnósticos globales fueron de infecciones e infestaciones de transmisión predominantemente sexual y otras dermatosis anogenitales. Los 3 grupos diagnósticos más frecuentes fueron las lesiones por virus del papiloma humano anogenital, seguido de los molluscum contagiosum y las dermatosis anogenitales inflamatorias. Con significación estadística, y comparando con el global de diagnósticos, los seleccionados constituyeron más habitualmente el motivo de consulta primario y, en el ámbito privado, fue más frecuente que viniesen derivados de otros especialistas. Conclusión: Las infecciones e infestaciones de transmisión predominantemente sexual y otras dermatosis anogenitales tienen un peso muy limitado en la asistencia dermatológica en España, a pesar de que la inclusión del diagnóstico de molluscum contagiosum sobreestima estos diagnósticos. La ausencia de inclusión de centros y consultas monográficas de ITS en la muestra aleatoria contribuye a la infrarrepresentación de estas parcelas de la especialidad. Es importante hacer un esfuerzo decidido por potenciarlas con consultas y centros (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Health Care Surveys , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/diagnosis , Skin Diseases, Infectious/diagnosis , Anus Diseases/diagnosis , Dermatologists , Cross-Sectional Studies , SpainABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Predominantly sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and infestations and other anogenital dermatoses are covered in the training of specialists in dermatology and venereology in Spain. This study aimed to analyze the proportion of the dermatology caseload these diseases account for within the public and private dermatological activity of the Spanish health system. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Observational cross-sectional study of time periods describing the diagnoses made in outpatient dermatology clinics, obtained through the anonymous DIADERM survey of a representative random sample of dermatologists. Based on diagnostic codes of the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, 36 related diagnoses were selected, and classified into 12 groups. RESULTS: Only 3.16% of diagnoses corresponded to STIs and other anogenital dermatoses. The most common diagnostic group was anogenital human papillomavirus infection, followed by molluscum contagiosum, and inflammatory anogenital dermatoses. Lesions with these diagnoses were usually the main reasons for first visits in the National Health Service. In private practice, the diagnoses usually came after referrals from other physicians. CONCLUSIONS: STIs and other anogenital dermatoses account for a very small proportion of the dermatology caseload in Spain, although the inclusion of molluscum contagiosum diagnoses overestimates these conditions. The fact that no STI centers or monographic STI consultations were included in the random sample of dermatology partly explains the under-representation of these areas of the specialty. A determined effort to support and promote monographic STI centres and clinics should be made.
