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1.
Gastroenterol. hepatol. (Ed. impr.) ; 46(4): 309-318, Abr. 2023. ilus, graf, tab
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-218424

ABSTRACT

To access the efficacy of antiviral therapy in patients of HBV-infected with immune-tolerant. We conducted a meta-analysis search of the Cochrane Library, PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, Web of science, and EMBASE on through August 2021. We combined the data by means of a random-effect DrSimonian-Laird model and calculated risk ratios (RRs) for the outcomes of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loss, hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion, HBV deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) negative conversion rate, and the risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cirrhosis. An extensive literature search identified 328 relevant publications, and five were included in the study. Antiviral therapy was in favor of HBsAg loss (RR=2.34, 95%CI 0.68–4.00, p=0.91, I2=0.00%), HBV DNA negative conversion (RR=2.08, 95%CI 0.10–4.05, p=0.07, I2=58.24%) and reduce the risk for HCC (HR=0.189, 95%CI 0.052–0.692, p=0.004) and cirrhosis (HR=0.347, 95%CI 0.095–1.270, p=0.036), but not beneficial to HBeAg seroconversion (RR=0.83, 95%CI −0.03 to 1.70, p=0.11, I2=46.99%). Subgroup-analyzed by the research type was similar results of HBsAg loss, HBV DNA negative conversion, and HBeAg seroconversion.Patients in HBV-infected with immune-tolerant responded well to antiviral therapy. The evidence from this meta-analysis supports antiviral therapy for patients with HBV in the immune tolerance stage. Well-designed, multi-center, larger sample sizes, and excellent quality prospective studies are needed to confirm our conclusion.(AU)


Para conocer la eficacia de la terapia antiviral en pacientes infectados con el virus de la hepatitis B (VHB) inmunotoler ante, se realizó una búsqueda de meta-análisis de la Cochrane Library, PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, Web of Science y EMBASE hasta agosto de 2021. Se combinaron los datos mediante un modelo DrSimonian-Laird y se calcularon los coeficientes de riesgo (RR) para los resultados de la pérdida del antígeno de superficie de la hepatitis B (HBsAg), la seroconversión del antígeno de superficie de la hepatitis B (HBeAg), la tasa de conversión negativa del ácido desoxirribonucleico (ADN) del VHB y el riesgo de carcinoma hepatocelular y de cirrosis. Una extensa búsqueda bibliográfica identificó 328 publicaciones relevantes, 5 de las cuales fueron incluidas en el estudio. El tratamiento antiviral favoreció la reducción de HBsAg (RR=2,34; IC95%: 0,68–4,00; p=0,91; I2=0,00%), la conversión negativa del ADN del VHB (RR=2,08; IC95%: 0,10–4,05; p=0,07;I2=58,24%) y redujo el riesgo de carcinoma hepatocelular (HR=0,189, ic95% 0,052 a 0,692, p=0,004) y de cirrosis (HR=0,347; IC95%: 0,095–1,270; p=0,036). Sin embargo, no fue beneficioso para la seroconversión a HBeAg (RR=0,83; IC95%: −0,03–1,70; p=0,11; I2=46,99%). El subgrupo analizado por el tipo de investigación mostró resultados similares de pérdida de HBsAg, conversión negativa del ADN del VHB y seroconversión del HBeAg. Los pacientes infectados con VHB inmunotolerantes respondieron bien a la terapia antiviral. La evidencia de este metaanálisis apoya el tratamiento antiviral para pacientes con VHB en estadio de inmunotolerancia. Se necesitan estudios prospectivos de excelente calidad para confirmar nuestra conclusión.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Antiviral Agents , Hepatitis B/drug therapy , Liver Diseases , Therapeutics , Lamivudine , Gastroenterology
2.
Rev. habanera cienc. méd ; 22(2)abr. 2023.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1560092

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La calidad de vida relacionada con la salud medida a través de los "resultados reportados por pacientes", del inglés: patient reported outcomes (PROs) permite la detección efectiva de problemas físicos y psicológicos en pacientes con hepatitis crónica. Objetivo: Describir las dimensiones de calidad de vida más afectadas reportados por pacientes con infección crónica por virus de la Hepatitis C y B. Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal desde junio 2018 hasta diciembre 2020 en el Instituto de Gastroenterología (IGE). Entre 1 706 pacientes con diagnóstico VHB y VHC atendidos, la muestra quedó constituida por 366 adultos con infección crónica por los virus de hepatitis B (VHB) y C (VHC). Se registraron los resultados de las encuestas: Evaluación Funcional para el Tratamiento de Enfermedades Crónicas -Fatiga (FACIT-F) y Cuestionario de Impedimento de la Productividad y Actividad Laboral- Problema de salud específico (WPAI-SPH) y parámetros clínico-demográficos. Resultados: Se identificaron 271 (74,0 %) pacientes con diagnóstico de VHC y 95 (26,0 %) de VHB, con edad media 54,0 ± 12,7 años, 209 (57,1 %) mujeres. La puntuación total de la FACIT-F estuvo más afectada en VHC (FACIT-F: HVB: 129,0 ± 15,9 vs. VHC: 111,2 ± 23,5; p<0,0001), quienes a su vez tuvieron mayor deterioro de la actividad laboral (WPAI-SPH: VHB: 0,309 ± 0,312 vs. VHC: 0,386 ± 0,333; p<0,05). Conclusiones: Los pacientes con VHC vivencian una peor calidad de vida que compromete su bienestar, rendimiento laboral y cotidiano.


Introduction: Health-related quality of life measured through "patient-reported outcomes" (PROs) allows effective detection of physical and psychological problems in patients with chronic hepatitis. Objective: To identify the quality of life outcomes reported by patients with chronic hepatitis C and B virus infection. Material and Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2018 to December 2020 at the Institute of Gastroenterology. Of 1 706 patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, 366 adults were included in the sample. Data was collected using validated instruments: Functional Assessment for Chronic Illness Treatment-Fatigue Scale (FACIT-F) and Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire: Specific Health Problem (WPAI-SPH). Clinical and demographic parameters were also recorded. Results: A total of 271 (74.0%) patients with HCV and 95 (26.0%) HBV diagnosis were identified, mean (SD) age 54.0 ± 12.7, and 209 (57.1%) women. The FACIT-F total score was more affected in HCV (FACIT-F: HBV: 129.0 ± 15.9 vs. HCV: 111.2 ± 23.5; p<0.0001); these patients also had greater impairment in work activity (WPAI-SPH: HBV: 0.309 ± 0.312 vs. HCV: 0.386 ± 0.333; p<0.05). Conclusions: Patients with HCV have a worse quality of life that compromises their well-being, work and daily performance.

3.
Enferm. foco (Brasília) ; 14: 1-7, mar. 20, 2023. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: biblio-1433708

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: A pesquisa visa determinar o perfil bioquímico e sorológico das hepatites B e C em internos de um centro de recuperação, Ananindeua, Pará, Brasil. Métodos: Estudo transversal, descritivo e quantitativo, desenvolvido entre 2015 e 2018. Os dados foram coletados com o uso de Ficha de Inquérito e entrevista. Os participantes foram submetidos à coleta de sangue para realização de testes sorológicos para as hepatites virais B e C e bioquímicos. Resultados: Participaram 125 internos, com frequência de 97,6% para o sexo masculino, prevalecendo a faixa etária de 31 a 40 anos (38,4%). Os marcadores bioquímicos que mais sofreram alterações: ácido úrico, alanina aminotransferase e lipoproteína de alta densidade. O HBsAg não foi detectado, porém houve detecção de anti-HBc total reagente isolado em 1,6% dos indivíduos. Em 20,8% pode-se observar resposta vacinal contra o vírus da hepatite B. A pesquisa detectou prevalência de 3,2% de anti-VHC reagente. Conclusão: É baixa prevalência da infecção pelos vírus das hepatites B e C, apesar dessa população ser considerada de elevado risco para a transmissão desses vírus, os examinados na sua maioria referiu utilizar apenas drogas inaláveis. A baixa cobertura vacinal encontrada entre os examinados demonstrou a vulnerabilidade em adquirir a hepatite B e a importância de estudos entre usuários de drogas no Pará. (AU)


Objective: The research aims to determine the biochemical and serological profile of hepatitis B and C in inmates of a recovery center, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil. Methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive and quantitative study, developed between 2015 and 2018. Data were collected using an Inquiry Form and an interview. Participants underwent blood collection to perform serological tests for viral hepatitis B and C and biochemicals. Results: 125 inmates participated, with a frequency of 97.6% for males, with the age group of 31 to 40 years old prevailing (38.4%). The biochemical markers that suffered the most changes: uric acid, Alanine aminotransferase and High density lipoprotein. HBsAg was not detected, but total anti-HBc reagent isolated was detected in 1.6% of individuals. In 20.8%, a vaccine response against the hepatitis B virus can be observed. The survey found a 3.2% prevalence of anti-HCV reagent. Conclusion: The prevalence of infection by the hepatitis B and C viruses is low, although this population is considered to be at high risk for the transmission of these viruses, the majority of those examined reported using only inhalable drugs. The low vaccination coverage found among those examined demonstrated the vulnerability to acquire hepatitis B and the importance of studies among drug users in Pará. (AU)


Objetivo: La investigación tiene como objetivo determinar el perfil bioquímico y serológico de la hepatitis B y C en los reclusos de un centro de recuperación, Ananindeua, Pará, Brasil. Métodos: Estudio transversal, descriptivo y cuantitativo, desarrollado entre 2015 y 2018. Los datos se recopilaron mediante el Formulario de encuesta y la entrevista. Los participantes se sometieron a extracción de sangre para pruebas serológicas de hepatitis viral B y C y bioquímicos. Resultados: Participaron 125 reclusos, con una frecuencia del 97,6% para los hombres, prevaleciendo el grupo de edad de 31 a 40 años (38,4%). Los marcadores bioquímicos que sufrieron más cambios: ácido úrico, Alanina aminotransferasa y Lipoproteínas de alta densidad. No se detectó HBsAg, pero se detectó el reactivo anti-HBc total aislado en el 1,6% de los individuos. En 20.8%, se puede observar una respuesta de vacuna contra el virus de la hepatitis B. La encuesta encontró una prevalencia del 3.2% Del reactivo anti-VHC. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de infección por los virus de la hepatitis B y C es baja, aunque se considera que esta población tiene un alto riesgo de transmisión de estos virus, la mayoría de los examinados informaron que usaban solo medicamentos inhalables. La baja cobertura de vacunación encontrada entre los examinados demostró la vulnerabilidad a contraer hepatitis B y la importancia de los estudios entre usuarios de drogas en Pará. (AU)


Subject(s)
Drug Users , Hepatitis B virus , Hepacivirus , Vaccination Coverage
4.
Gastroenterol Hepatol ; 46(4): 309-318, 2023 Apr.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35700836

ABSTRACT

To access the efficacy of antiviral therapy in patients of HBV-infected with immune-tolerant. We conducted a meta-analysis search of the Cochrane Library, PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, Web of science, and EMBASE on through August 2021. We combined the data by means of a random-effect DrSimonian-Laird model and calculated risk ratios (RRs) for the outcomes of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loss, hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion, HBV deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) negative conversion rate, and the risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cirrhosis. An extensive literature search identified 328 relevant publications, and five were included in the study. Antiviral therapy was in favor of HBsAg loss (RR=2.34, 95%CI 0.68-4.00, p=0.91, I2=0.00%), HBV DNA negative conversion (RR=2.08, 95%CI 0.10-4.05, p=0.07, I2=58.24%) and reduce the risk for HCC (HR=0.189, 95%CI 0.052-0.692, p=0.004) and cirrhosis (HR=0.347, 95%CI 0.095-1.270, p=0.036), but not beneficial to HBeAg seroconversion (RR=0.83, 95%CI -0.03 to 1.70, p=0.11, I2=46.99%). Subgroup-analyzed by the research type was similar results of HBsAg loss, HBV DNA negative conversion, and HBeAg seroconversion.Patients in HBV-infected with immune-tolerant responded well to antiviral therapy. The evidence from this meta-analysis supports antiviral therapy for patients with HBV in the immune tolerance stage. Well-designed, multi-center, larger sample sizes, and excellent quality prospective studies are needed to confirm our conclusion.


Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular , Hepatitis B, Chronic , Liver Neoplasms , Humans , Hepatitis B virus/genetics , Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Hepatitis B Surface Antigens , Hepatitis B, Chronic/complications , Hepatitis B, Chronic/drug therapy , Hepatitis B e Antigens , DNA, Viral , Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy , Liver Cirrhosis/etiology , Liver Cirrhosis/chemically induced
5.
Hepatología ; 4(2): 131-151, 2023. tab, fig
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1429015

ABSTRACT

A nivel mundial, 300 millones de personas están infectadas por el virus de la hepatitis B (VHB). A pesar de que existe una vacuna que previene la infección y se dispone de tratamiento antiviral que suprime la replicación del virus, no hay cura aún. El principal problema que evita la recuperación total del paciente, incluso para aquel que recibe tratamiento, es la persistencia de dos formas del genoma viral en los hepatocitos: el ADN circular covalentemente cerrado (ADNccc), el cual se encuentra en forma de episoma y tiene la capacidad de replicarse, y las secuencias lineales subge-nómicas que se integran en el genoma humano, con potencial oncogénico. Hasta el momento se dispone de unos pocos biomarcadores para monitorear o predecir la progresión de la enfermedad y la respuesta al tratamiento. Estos biomarcadores se detectan durante la infección, y son la base para la monitorización de la enfermedad y hacer un diagnóstico de la fase clínica de la infección. Recientemente han surgido nuevos biomarcadores como el antígeno relacionado con el core del virus de la hepatitis B (HBcrAg) y la detección del ARN del VHB, que parecen correlacionarse con los niveles transcripcionales del ADNccc, además, durante el tratamiento parecen ayudar a predecir la respuesta y podrían identificar aquellos a quienes se les puede suspender la terapia sin riesgo de recaída. En esta revisión, se describe la utilidad de los principales biomarcadores convencionales en hepatitis B, y se abordan los dos biomarcadores emergentes más estudiados que prometen evaluar el curso de la infección, al igual que determinar la progresión de la enfermedad y la respuesta al tratamiento.


Globally, 300 million people are infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV). Although there is a vaccine that prevents infection and antiviral treatment that suppresses the replication of the virus, there is still no cure. The main problem that prevents the total recovery of the patient, even for those who recei-ve treatment, is the persistence of two forms of the viral genome in hepatocytes: covalently close circular DNA (cccDNA), which is in the form of an episome that has the ability to replicate, and linear subgenomic sequences that are integrated into the human genome, with oncogenic potential. Few biomarkers are currently available to monitor or predict disease progression and response to treatment. These biomarkers are detected during infection and are the basis for monitoring the di-sease and making a diagnosis of the clinical phase of the infection. New biomarkers have recently emerged, such as hepatitis B core-related antigen (HBcrAg) and HBV RNA detection, which seem to correlate with cccDNA transcriptional levels while during treatment seem to help predict response, and could identify those for whom therapy can be discontinued without risk of relapse. In this review, the usefulness of the main conventional biomarkers in hepatitis B is described, and the two most studied emerging biomarkers are mentioned, which promise to evaluate the course of the infection, as well as to determine disease progression and treatment response.


Subject(s)
Humans , Biomarkers , Hepatitis B virus , Hepatitis , Hepatitis B , DNA, Circular , RNA , Risk , Genome , Diagnosis , Antigens
6.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 82(5): 695-707, Oct. 2022. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1405725

ABSTRACT

Resumen El carcinoma hepatocelular (HCC) es el tumor primario más frecuente del hígado, con 905 677 casos diagnosticados en 2020, en todo el mundo, y 830 180 muertes. Es responsable de la novena causa de muerte por cáncer en los hombres y la décima en mujeres en Argentina. A diferencia de otros tumo res de alta prevalencia, la evidencia científica acerca del HCC se limita principalmente a pequeñas cohortes y estudios retrospectivos. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir epidemiológicamente a aquellos pacientes con diagnóstico de HCC en el Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires en un periodo de 12 años. La supervivencia global para nuestra cohorte fue de 58, 46 y 36% a 1, 3 y 5 años respectivamente. El promedio de supervivencia en pacientes con tratamiento paliativo fue de 5 meses, 23 para aquellos que recibieron tratamientos no curativos y 75 meses para los que recibieron tratamientos curativos. El porcentaje de pacientes libres de enfermedad a 1, 3 y 5 años fue de 89%, 76% y 61% respectivamente. Se realizó un estudio minucioso de la etiología, factores de riesgo, incidencia, mortalidad y tratamientos realizados. Su importancia yace en su tamaño muestral, calidad y cantidad de información disponible.


Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common primary liver tumor, with 905 677 diagnosed cases and 830 180 deaths, in 2020 worldwide. In Argentina, it accounts for the 9th cause of death for cancer in men and the 10th in women. Unlike other highly-prevalent tumors, scientific evidence for most therapeutic options is limited mainly to small cohorts and retrospective studies. The aim of this study is to characterize and describe epidemiologically patients with diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in the Italian Hospital of Buenos Aires during a 12-year period. Overall survival for our cohort was 58%, 46%, and 36% at 1, 3 and 5 years respectively. Average survival for patients receiving palliative treatment was 5 months, while for those who received either non-curative or curative treatment was 23 and 75 months respectively. Recurrence-free survival for those patients who under went a curative treatment was 89%, 76% y 61% at 1, 3 and 5 years. A thorough analysis of etiology, risk factors, incidence, mortality and treatment was made. The study's importance lies in its large sample size, quantity and quality of data, and will most certainly stimulate the development of local studies in hepatocellular carcinoma.

7.
Rev. esp. salud pública ; 96: e202205043-e202205043, May. 2022. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-211297

ABSTRACT

FUNDAMENTOS: Estudios relatan mayor prevalencia de VHC, VHB y VIH en población con Trastorno de Consumo de Alcohol. Elobjetivo de nuestro estudio fue determinar la seroprevalencia para Virus de Hepatitis B (VHB), Virus de Hepatitis C (VHC) y el Virus dela Inmunodeficiencia Humana (VIH) en pacientes con trastorno por consumo de alcohol, así como determinar si existe un correctocribaje serológico de éstos.MÉTODOS : Estudio retrospectivo de 204 pacientes con trastorno por consumo de alcohol seguidos en la unidad de conductas adic-tivas de Albacete, que iniciaron tratamiento desde el año 2013-2014 en adelante, el último paciente fue reclutado en diciembre de 2017.RESULTADOS: Nuestra muestra tiene 160 hombres (78,4%) y 44 mujeres (21,6%). La mediana de edad es 46,2 años. 161 pacientes(78,9%) tenían serología de VIH y fue negativa en todos. 146 pacientes (71,6%) tenían serología negativa de hepatitis B y 12 (5,9%)estaban vacunados. 36 pacientes (17,6%) no tenían serología realizada de hepatitis B. En 10 pacientes la serología de hepatitis B fuepositiva (4,9%; IC95% 1,9-7,9%). 159 pacientes (77,9%) tenían serología negativa de hepatitis C, y 37 pacientes no la tenían realizada(18,1%). 8 pacientes tenían serología positiva (prevalencia de 3,9%; IC95% 1,2-6,6%). Excluyendo a los pacientes que no tenían serolo-gía la seroprevalencia fue de 5,9% (IC95% 2,3-9,6%) y de 4.8% (IC95% de 1,5-8,1%) respectivamente. La no realización de serologíasse asoció a mayor edad y un menor consumo de Unidades de Bebida Estándar (UBEs) por semana.CONCLUSIONES: La seroprevalencia de VHB y VHC en pacientes con trastorno por consumo de alcohol es alta. Debería asegurarseque el 100% de pacientes con trastorno de consumo de alcohol, se realicen serologías de VHC, VIH, VHB disminuyendo pérdida deoportunidades diagnósticas.(AU)


BACKGROUND: Studies report a higher prevalence of HCV, HBV and HIV in the population with Alcohol Use Disorder. Our objectiveis to determine the seroprevalence for hepatitis B and C and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in patients with alcohol usedisorder, as well as to determine if there is a correct serological screening of these.METHODS: Retrospective study of 204 patients with Alcohol Use Disorder followed up in the Addictive Behaviors Unit from Albacete.They started treatment from 2013-2014 onwards, the last patient was recruited in December of 2017.RESULTS: Our sample has 160 men (78.4%) and 44 women (21.6%). The median age is 46.2 years. 161 patients (78.9%) had HIV sero-logy and it was negative in all. 146 patients (71.6%) had negative hepatitis B serology and 12 (5.9%) were vaccinated. 36 patients (17.6%)had no hepatitis B serology performed. In 10 patients, hepatitis B serology was positive (4.9%; 95% CI 1.9-7.9%). 159 patients (77.9%)had negative hepatitis C serology, and 37 patients had not performed it (18.1%). 8 patients had positive serology (prevalence of 3.9%;95% CI 1.2-6.6%). Excluding patients who did not have serology, seroprevalence was 5.9% (95% CI 2.3-9.6%) and 4.8% (95% CI 1.5-8.1%)respectively. Failure to perform serologies was associated with older age and less weekly Standard Drink Units (SDUs) consumption.CONCLUSIONS: The seroprevalence of HBV and HCV in patients with alcohol use disorder is high. It should be ensured that 100%of patients with alcohol use disorder undergo HCV, HIV, HBV serology, reducing the loss of diagnostic opportunities.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Hepatitis C , Hepatitis B , HIV Seroprevalence , HIV , Alcohol Drinking , Patients , Drug Users , Alcoholism , Retrospective Studies , Spain , Public Health
8.
Gastroenterol. hepatol. (Ed. impr.) ; 45(5): 261-372, May. 2022. graf, tab
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-204302

ABSTRACT

Objective: This study aims to systematically review the performance of red blood cell distribution width to platelet ratio (RPR) in the diagnosis of significant or advanced fibrosis, and cirrhosis associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV). Methods: The relevant studies were comprehensively searched in English databases such as Web of Science, PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, as well as Chinese databases such as China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data from the inception to March 2021. Accuracy of RPR in diagnosing significant or advanced fibrosis and liver cirrhosis was assessed by area under the curve (AUC), pooled sensitivity and specificity, as well as positive and negative likelihood ratios. Stata 15.0 software was applied to analyze the data. Results: In total, 13 literature met the requirements, including patients with significant fibrosis (n=1890), advanced fibrosis (n=645), and cirrhosis (n=499). The prevalence rates of significant fibrosis, advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis were 49.31% (range: 17.25–84.21%), 37.07% (range: 9.60–58.20%) and 2.18% (range: 2.78–44.19%), respectively. The AUCs for predicting significant fibrosis, advanced fibrosis, and cirrhosis by RPR were 0.73 (95%CI: 0.69–0.76), 0.80 (95%CI: 0.77–0.84) and 0.80 (95%CI: 0.76–0.83), respectively. Conclusion: RPR is of some diagnostic value to the prediction of HBV-related significant fibrosis, advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis. This conclusion is urgently needed to be verified by further multi-center studies of large sample size and rigorous design.(AU)


Objetivo: Este estudio tiene como objetivo revisar sistemáticamente la capacidad del cociente entre el ancho de distribución de los glóbulos rojos y el recuento plaquetario (RPR) para discriminar en pacientes con infección crónica por virus de la hepatitis B la existencia de fibrosis significativa, avanzada y cirrosis. Métodos: Se realizaron búsquedas exhaustivas de los estudios relevantes en bases de datos en inglés, como Web of Science, PubMed, EMBASE y Cochrane Library, así como en bases de datos chinas, como China National Knowledge Infrastructure y Wanfang Data, desde el inicio hasta marzo de 2021. La precisión de RPR en el diagnóstico de fibrosis avanzada y cirrosis hepática se evaluó mediante el área bajo la curva, la sensibilidad y la especificidad combinadas, así como las razones de probabilidad positiva y negativa. Se aplicó el software Stata 15.0 para analizar los datos. Resultados: Un total de 13 publicaciones cumplieron con los requisitos, incluyendo pacientes con fibrosis significativa (n=1.890), fibrosis avanzada (n=645) y cirrosis (n=499). Las tasas de prevalencia de fibrosis significativa, fibrosis avanzada y cirrosis fueron del 49,31% (rango: 17,25-84,21), 37,07% (rango: 9,60-58,20) y 2,18% (rango: 2,78-44,19), respectivamente. El área bajo la curva para predecir fibrosis significativa, fibrosis avanzada y cirrosis por RPR fue 0,73 (IC 95%: 0,69-0,76), 0,80 (IC 95%: 0,77-0,84) y 0,80 (IC 95%: 0,76-0,83), respectivamente. Conclusión: La RPR tiene algún valor diagnóstico para la predicción de fibrosis significativa relacionada con el virus de la hepatitis B, fibrosis avanzada y cirrosis. Y esta conclusión debe ser verificada con urgencia mediante más estudios multicéntricos de gran tamaño de muestra y diseño riguroso.(AU)


Subject(s)
Erythrocytes , Liver Cirrhosis , Hepatitis B virus , Hepatitis B, Chronic/complications , Liver Cirrhosis/diagnosis , Liver Cirrhosis/etiology , Databases as Topic , Gastroenterology
9.
Sanid. mil ; 78(2): 101-105, abril 2022.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-213566

ABSTRACT

Se reseñan los medicamentos evaluados y con dictamen positivo por comisión de expertos de la Agencia Española de Medicamentos y Productos Sanitarios o de la Agencia Europea del Medicamento hechos públicos de enero a marzo de 2022, y considerados de mayor interés para el profesional sanitario. Se trata de opiniones técnicas positivas que son previas a la autorización y puesta en el mercado del medicamento. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Hepatitis B virus , Insulin , DNA
10.
Rev. gastroenterol. Peru ; 42(2)abr. 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1423924

ABSTRACT

La pancreatitis aguda es una condición inflamatoria que está relacionada con diversas etiologías. Sin embargo, una infrecuente es la infección aguda por virus hepatotropos. Se presenta el caso de un hombre de 33 años quien consultó al servicio de urgencias por dolor abdominal e ictericia generalizada. Los estudios serológicos reportaron infección aguda por Virus de la Hepatitis B; el paciente fue manejado con vigilancia clínica y paraclínica de pruebas de función hepática junto con terapia de soporte con dextrosa. El paciente persistió con dolor abdominal y colestasis en aumento por lo que se consideraron diferenciales. La imagen por resonancia magnética de hemiabdomen superior demostró pancreatitis aguda no biliar que se concluyó secundaria al proceso infeccioso por hepatitis B al descartar otras causas. El paciente no requirió cambios en el manejo con mejoría en pruebas de función hepática por lo que se dio egreso hospitalario con evolución favorable en el seguimiento ambulatorio. La pancreatitis aguda secundaria al Virus de la Hepatitis B es una patología que se debe sospechar y estudiar cuando el cuadro clínico del paciente no demuestra mejoría; el diagnóstico se fundamenta en la medición de los niveles de las enzimas pancreáticas.


Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory condition that is related to various etiologies. However, an infrequent one is acute infection by hepatotropic viruses. We present the case of a 33-year-old man who consulted the emergency department for abdominal pain and generalized jaundice. Serological studies reported acute infection by Hepatitis B Virus; The patient was managed with clinical and paraclinical monitoring of liver function tests together with supportive therapy with dextrose. The patient persisted with increasing abdominal pain and cholestasis, so they were considered differential. Magnetic resonance imaging of the upper abdomen showed acute non-biliary pancreatitis that was concluded secondary to the infectious process due to hepatitis B after ruling out other causes. The patient did not require changes in management with improvement in liver function tests, so he was discharged from hospital with favorable evolution in outpatient follow-up. Acute pancreatitis secondary to Hepatitis B Virus is a pathology that should be suspected and studied when the patient's clinical picture does not show improvement; Diagnosis is based on measurement of pancreatic enzyme levels.

11.
Gastroenterol Hepatol ; 45(5): 361-372, 2022 May.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34757161

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to systematically review the performance of red blood cell distribution width to platelet ratio (RPR) in the diagnosis of significant or advanced fibrosis, and cirrhosis associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV). METHODS: The relevant studies were comprehensively searched in English databases such as Web of Science, PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, as well as Chinese databases such as China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data from the inception to March 2021. Accuracy of RPR in diagnosing significant or advanced fibrosis and liver cirrhosis was assessed by area under the curve (AUC), pooled sensitivity and specificity, as well as positive and negative likelihood ratios. Stata 15.0 software was applied to analyze the data. RESULTS: In total, 13 literature met the requirements, including patients with significant fibrosis (n=1890), advanced fibrosis (n=645), and cirrhosis (n=499). The prevalence rates of significant fibrosis, advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis were 49.31% (range: 17.25-84.21%), 37.07% (range: 9.60-58.20%) and 2.18% (range: 2.78-44.19%), respectively. The AUCs for predicting significant fibrosis, advanced fibrosis, and cirrhosis by RPR were 0.73 (95%CI: 0.69-0.76), 0.80 (95%CI: 0.77-0.84) and 0.80 (95%CI: 0.76-0.83), respectively. CONCLUSION: RPR is of some diagnostic value to the prediction of HBV-related significant fibrosis, advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis. This conclusion is urgently needed to be verified by further multi-center studies of large sample size and rigorous design.


Subject(s)
Hepatitis B, Chronic , Erythrocytes , Fibrosis , Hepatitis B virus , Hepatitis B, Chronic/complications , Humans , Liver Cirrhosis/diagnosis , Liver Cirrhosis/etiology , Platelet Count , ROC Curve
12.
Rev Gastroenterol Mex (Engl Ed) ; 87(2): 176-180, 2022.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34776394

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: Viral hepatitis, which appears most frequently at birth or during childhood, is a disease whose transmission routes include tears, bile, sexual fluids, sweat, milk, urine, feces, and saliva. The aim of the present study was to analyze the specificity of the immunochromatographic and ELISA diagnostic tests for hepatitis B surface antigen and compare them with PCR testing. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study sample was made up of 140 men and 60 women referred to the Urmia Medical University hospital to undergo PCR testing for HBV diagnosis. The ELISA test was performed using the Pioneer Medicine Company kit (Tehran, Iran). RESULTS: The results of the HBs-Ag rapid test and the ELISA test were compared with the PCR test. The HBs-Ag rapid test had 97% sensitivity and 91% specificity, whereas the ELISA test had 78% sensitivity and 76% specificity. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: According to our results, the immunochromatographic test was accurate for diagnosing HBs-Ag in blood and the ELISA test had acceptable sensitivity and specificity, compared with PCR testing.


Subject(s)
Hepatitis B Surface Antigens , Hepatitis B , Chromatography, Affinity , Diagnostic Tests, Routine , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Female , Hepatitis B/diagnosis , Hepatitis B virus/genetics , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Iran , Male , Polymerase Chain Reaction
13.
Rev. clín. esp. (Ed. impr.) ; 221(10): 600-611, dic. 2021. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-227042

ABSTRACT

Antecedentes El papel del virus de la hepatitis B (VHB) como factor de riesgo en la incidencia y progresión de la enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) no ha sido clarificado. Objetivo Evaluamos el impacto producido por la infección con el VHB sobre el riesgo de la ERC en la población general. Material y métodos Llevamos a cabo una revisión sistemática de la literatura médica publicada a fin de evaluar si existe, en la población adulta general, una relación entre la infección por el VHB y un aumento del riesgo de ERC. Adoptamos el modelo de efectos aleatorios de DerSimonian y Laird para proporcionar una estimación resumida del riesgo de ERC (definida por una tasa de filtración glomerular reducida y/o una proteinuria detectable) por infección con el VHB en los estudios publicados. También se realizaron metarregresiones y análisis estratificados. Resultados Recogimos 33 estudios (n=7.849.849 pacientes) publicados en 26 artículos y se realizó un metaanálisis por separado conforme a los resultados. La agrupación de los resultados de los estudios de cohortes (11 estudios, n=1.056.645 pacientes) demostró una relación entre un estatus serológico VHB positivo y el aumento de la incidencia de la ERC, con una estimación resumida para la HR ajustada con VHB en todas las encuestas del 1,40 (IC 95% 1,16-1,69; p<0,001). Se observó heterogeneidad entre estudios (valor Q: 49,5; p<0,0001). En el subconjunto de estudios transversales no se detectó relación entre el VHB y la prevalencia de la ERC (10 estudios; n=3.222.545 pacientes; OR ajustada 1,04; IC 95% 0,90-1,218; p=0,5). Los análisis de metarregresión informaron de una relación entre el estatus HBcAg positivo y la incidencia de ERC en la población general (p<0,015). Conclusiones Parece que la exposición a la infección por VHB está asociada con un aumento en el riesgo de desarrollar ERC en la población adulta general. Se están realizando estudios destinados a comprender los mecanismos responsables de dicha asociación (AU)


Background The activity of hepatitis B virus (HBV) as a risk factor for the incidence and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) has not been clarified. Aim We evaluated the impact of infection with HBV on the risk of CKD in the general population. Material and methods We carried out a systematic review of the published medical literature to assess whether a relationship between hepatitis B infection and an increased risk of CKD in the adult general population occurs. We adopted the random effects model of DerSimonian and Laird to provide a summary estimate of the risk of chronic kidney disease (defined by lowered glomerular filtration rate and/or detectable proteinuria) with HBV infection across the published studies. Meta-regression and stratified analyses were also performed. Results We retrieved 33 studies (n=7,849,849 patients) published in 26 different articles, and separate meta-analyses were performed according to the outcome. Pooling results from cohort studies (11 studies, n=1,056,645 patients) demonstrated a relationship between positive HBV serologic status and increased incidence of CKD, the summary estimate for adjusted HR with HBV across the surveys, 1.40 (95% CI, 1.16-1.69) (P<.001). Between-study heterogeneity was noted (Q value, 49.5, P<.0001). No relationship between HBV and prevalence of CKD was noted in the subset of cross-sectional studies (10 studies; n=3,222,545 patients), adjusted OR, 1.04 (95% IC 0.90-1.218; P=.5). Meta-regression analysis reported a relationship between positive HBsAg status and incidence of CKD in the general population (P<.015). Conclusions It appears that exposure to HBV infection seems to be associated with an increased risk of developing CKD in the adult general population. Studies aimed to understand the mechanisms responsible of such association are under way (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/virology , Hepatitis B, Chronic/complications , Glomerular Filtration Rate , Risk Factors
14.
Rev Gastroenterol Mex (Engl Ed) ; 86(4): 403-432, 2021.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34483073

ABSTRACT

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection continues to be a worldwide public health problem. In Mexico, at least three million adults are estimated to have acquired hepatitis B (total hepatitis B core antibody [anti-HBc]-positive), and of those, 300,000 active carriers (hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg]-positive) could require treatment. Because HBV is preventable through vaccination, its universal application should be emphasized. HBV infection is a major risk factor for developing hepatocellular carcinoma. Semi-annual liver ultrasound and serum alpha-fetoprotein testing favor early detection of that cancer and should be carried out in all patients with chronic HBV infection, regardless of the presence of advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis. Currently, nucleoside/nucleotide analogues that have a high barrier to resistance are the first-line therapies.


Subject(s)
Hepatitis B, Chronic , Liver Neoplasms , Adult , Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/therapeutic use , Hepatitis B virus , Hepatitis B, Chronic/diagnosis , Humans , Liver Neoplasms/diagnosis
15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34353511

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The aim was to examine the health status and infectious diseases in a cohort of unaccompanied immigrant minors (UIMs) from Africa in Spain, and to detect if there are differences according to the geographical area of origin. METHODS: Cross-sectional study in 622 African male UIMs at the time of admission to residential care in Aragon (Spain) during 2005-2019. A physical, nutritional and laboratory examination was performed following sanitary guidelines. RESULTS: The mean age of the African UIMs was 16.1 years (SD 1.7; range 13-17). 88.9% were from Maghreb (mean age 15.9 years; SD 1.5) and 14.1% from Western Sub-Saharan (mean age 16.8 years; SD 1). We found that the prevalence of caries, iron deficiency and dermatological problems was significantly higher (p<.05) among Maghrebian, and the prevalence of past and present hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, intestinal parasitosis, eosinophilia (p<.00001) and latent tuberculosis (p=.0034) was significantly higher in those of Sub-Saharan origin. CONCLUSION: The most relevant finding was the high prevalence of present HBV infection (14.8%) among Sub-Saharan adolescents. This finding highlights the importance of recommending targeted screening, preventive vaccination programs, and integration into local health care systems that allow for long-term treatment and follow-up as a way to prevent the transmission of HBV infection.


Subject(s)
Communicable Diseases , Emigrants and Immigrants , Adolescent , Africa/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Health Status , Humans , Male , Minors , Spain/epidemiology
16.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34384668

ABSTRACT

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection continues to be a worldwide public health problem. In Mexico, at least three million adults are estimated to have acquired hepatitis B (total hepatitis B core antibody [anti-HBc]-positive), and of those, 300,000 active carriers (hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg]-positive) could require treatment. Because HBV is preventable through vaccination, its universal application should be emphasized. HBV infection is a major risk factor for developing hepatocellular carcinoma. Semi-annual liver ultrasound and serum alpha-fetoprotein testing favor early detection of that cancer and should be carried out in all patients with chronic HBV infection, regardless of the presence of advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis. Currently, nucleoside/nucleotide analogues that have a high barrier to resistance are the first-line therapies.

17.
Enferm. infecc. microbiol. clín. (Ed. impr.) ; 39(7): 340-344, Ago-Sep. 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-209579

ABSTRACT

Introduction: The aim was to examine the health status and infectious diseases in a cohort of unaccompanied immigrant minors (UIMs) from Africa in Spain, and to detect if there are differences according to the geographical area of origin. Methods: Cross-sectional study in 622 African male UIMs at the time of admission to residential care in Aragon (Spain) during 2005-2019. A physical, nutritional and laboratory examination was performed following sanitary guidelines. Results: The mean age of the African UIMs was 16.1 years (SD 1.7; range 13-17). 88.9% were from Maghreb (mean age 15.9 years; SD 1.5) and 14.1% from Western Sub-Saharan (mean age 16.8 years; SD 1). We found that the prevalence of caries, iron deficiency and dermatological problems was significantly higher (p<.05) among Maghrebian, and the prevalence of past and present hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, intestinal parasitosis, eosinophilia (p<.00001) and latent tuberculosis (p=.0034) was significantly higher in those of Sub-Saharan origin. Conclusion: The most relevant finding was the high prevalence of present HBV infection (14.8%) among Sub-Saharan adolescents. This finding highlights the importance of recommending targeted screening, preventive vaccination programs, and integration into local health care systems that allow for long-term treatment and follow-up as a way to prevent the transmission of HBV infection.(AU)


Introducción: El objetivo fue estudiar el estado de salud y las enfermedades infecciosas de una cohorte de menores inmigrantes no acompañados (MENA) procedentes de África en España, y detectar si existen diferencias según la zona geográfica de origen. Métodos: Estudio transversal en 622 MENA varones africanos en el momento de su admisión en la atención residencial en Aragón (España) entre 2005 y 2019. Se realizó un examen físico, nutricional y analítico de laboratorio siguiendo las directrices sanitarias. Resultados: La edad media de los MENA africanos era de 16,1 años (DE 1,7, intervalo 13-17). El 88,9 % procedía del Magreb (edad media 15,9 años; DE 1,5) y el 14,1 % de la zona subsahariana occidental (edad media 16,8 años; DE 1). Se constató que la prevalencia de caries, ferropenia y problemas dermatológicos era significativamente mayor (p < 0,05) entre los magrebíes, y que la prevalencia de infección pasada y presente por el virus de la hepatitis B (VHB), parasitosis intestinal, eosinofilia (p < 0,00001) y tuberculosis latente (p = 0,0034) era significativamente mayor entre los sujetos de origen subsahariano. Conclusión: El dato más relevante fue la alta prevalencia de infección actual por el VHB (14,8 %) entre los adolescentes subsaharianos. Este hallazgo pone de relieve la importancia de recomendar cribados selectivos, programas de vacunación preventiva e integración en los sistemas locales de atención sanitaria que permitan un tratamiento y seguimiento a largo plazo como manera de prevenir la transmisión de la infección por el VHB.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Young Adult , Health Status , Communicable Diseases , Emigrants and Immigrants , Physical Examination , Nutrition Assessment , Hepatitis B virus , Microbiology , Spain , Africa , Cohort Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Africa South of the Sahara
18.
Medisan ; 25(4)2021.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1340218

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Hoy día, las enfermedades infecciosas constituyen una de las causas de muerte más frecuentes, de ahí que la actual epidemia de hepatitis es un problema de salud a escala mundial. Las hepatitis B y C se propagan por medio del contacto con la sangre, el semen u otro líquido corporal de una persona infectada. Objetivo: Actualizar algunos elementos sobre las hepatitis virales crónicas como un problema de salud. Desarrollo: Se analizan aspectos de las hepatitis virales crónicas relacionados con las estadísticas globales, regionales y locales; también se abordan los indicadores de impacto, la epidemiología, las características de los virus y las formas de trasmisión. Conclusiones: Esta problemática se ha convertido en un grave problema de salud en todo el orbe y Cuba no está exenta de esta situación. El principal eslabón para prevenir y reducir el número de pacientes y la trasmisión de estas enfermedades es la atención primaria, donde el trabajo educativo y preventivo que se desarrolla en la comunidad es fundamental.


Introduction: Nowadays, infectious diseases constitute one of the most frequent causes of death, with the result that current hepatitis epidemic is a health problem worldwide. The hepatitis B and C are spread by means of the blood contact, semen or another body fluid of an infected person. Objective: To update some elements on the chronic viral hepatitis as a health problem. Development: Some aspects of the chronic viral hepatitis related to the global, regional and local statistics are analysed; the impact indicators, epidemiology, characteristics of the virus and the ways of transmission are also approached. Conclusions: This question has become a serious health problem worldwide and Cuba is not exempt of this situation. The main link to prevent and reduce the number of patients and the transmission of these diseases is the primary health care, where the educational and preventive work that is developed in the community is fundamental.


Subject(s)
Communicable Diseases , Hepatitis, Viral, Human/epidemiology , Hepatitis B virus , Hepacivirus
19.
Vaccimonitor (La Habana, Print) ; 30(2)mayo.-ago. 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | CUMED, LILACS | ID: biblio-1252328

ABSTRACT

Hepatitis B infection is one of the most important health problems around the world. The high mortality rate of the hepatitis B encouraged research that led to the finding of an effective vaccine against it. The aim of the present study was to find out the use of the Euvax-B vaccine in sectors of Nineveh province. According to the results obtained in this study, in the next five years, the vaccination coverage for the second and third doses needs to improve(AU)


La infección por hepatitis B es uno de los más importantes problemas de salud del mundo. La alta tasa de mortalidad de la hepatitis B impulsó las investigaciones que llevaron a encontrar una vacuna eficaz contra la misma. El objetivo del presente estudio fue conocer el uso de la vacuna Euvax-B en sectores de la provincia de Nínive. De acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos, en los próximos cinco años, se debe incrementar la cobertura de inmunización de la segunda y tercera dosis de la vacuna(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Hepatitis B Vaccines , Hepadnaviridae Infections , Hepatitis B/mortality , Hepatitis B Surface Antigens , Iraq
20.
Gac Med Mex ; 157(1): 35-40, 2021.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34125813

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Identification of hepatitis B virus carriers in blood donors is imperative in order to avoid transmission of the disease via blood transfusion. OBJECTIVE: To determine if blood donors with positive results for serological markers HBsAg and anti-HBc were hepatitis B virus DNA carriers. METHODS: 12,745 samples were collected from six Ecuadorian blood banks and analyzed for HBsAg, anti-HBc and anti-HBs infectious markers by automated ELISA. All samples that tested positive for one, two or all three markers were analyzed with molecular techniques to determine the presence of viral DNA. RESULTS: 27.5 % of the samples that were reactive for anti-HBc alone and 100 % of those with positive results for HbsAg and IgM/IgG anti-HBc were identified to contain hepatitis B virus DNA (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The selection of infection markers, as well as the detection methods define the results. Performing two serological and one molecular test is important in order to identify hepatitis B virus carriers and prevent its transmission.


INTRODUCCIÓN: La identificación de portadores del virus de la hepatitis B en donantes de sangre es imperativo para evitar la transmisión de la enfermedad a través de transfusiones sanguíneas. OBJETIVO: Determinar si los donantes de sangre con resultados positivos en los marcadores serológicos HbsAg y anti-HBc eran portadores del ADN del virus de la hepatitis B. MÉTODOS: Se recolectaron 12 745 muestras de seis bancos de sangre ecuatorianos, las cuales fueron analizadas con pruebas serológicas para identificar marcadores infecciosos de HBsAg, anti-HBc, anti-HBs mediante ELISA automatizada. Todas las muestras positivas para uno, dos o los tres marcadores fueron analizadas con técnica molecular para determinar la presencia del ADN viral. RESULTADOS: Se identificó que 27.5 % de las muestras reactivas solo a anti-HBc y 100 % de las muestras con resultados positivos de HBsAg/anti-HBc-IgM/IgG presentaron ADN del virus de la hepatitis B (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONES: La elección de los marcadores de infección y los métodos de detección definen los resultados. Es importante la realización de dos pruebas serológicas y una molecular para identificar a los portadores del virus de la hepatitis B y evitar su transmisión.


Subject(s)
Blood Donors , DNA, Viral/blood , Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/blood , Hepatitis B virus/genetics , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Immunoglobulin M/blood , Biomarkers/blood , Blood Banks , Blood Donors/statistics & numerical data , Carrier State/diagnosis , Carrier State/virology , Ecuador , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods , Hepatitis B virus/immunology , Humans
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