Enhancing museum experience through deep learning and multimedia technology.

Amidst the swift progression of artificial intelligence (AI) technology, the museum sector has witnessed a notable inclination towards its adoption. This manuscript endeavours to amplify the interactive milieu of contemporary museum patrons by amalgamating a deep learning algorithm with multimedia technology. The crux of our investigation is the exploration of an adaptive convolutional neural network (CNN) to enrich the interactive engagement of museum visitors. Initially, we leverage the adaptive CNN for the image recognition chore pertaining to museum artifacts and exhibits, thereby facilitating automatic recognition and categorization. Furthermore, to surmount the constraints of conventional pooling algorithms in image feature extraction, we suggest an adaptive pooling algorithm, grounded in the maximum pooling algorithm paradigm. Subsequently, multimedia algorithms are amalgamated into the interactive apparatus, enabling visitors to immerse in exhibits and avail more profound information and experiences. Through juxtaposition with traditional image processing algorithms, the efficacy of our proposed algorithm within a museum ambiance is assessed. Experimental outcomes evince that our algorithm attains superior accuracy and robustness in artifact identification and classification endeavours. In comparison to alternative algorithms, our methodology furnishes more precise and comprehensive displays and interpretations, accurately discerning and categorizing a myriad of exhibit types. This research unveils innovative notions for the digital metamorphosis and advancement of modern museums. Through the incorporation of avant-garde deep learning algorithms and multimedia technologies, the museum visitor experience is elevated, proffering more enthralling and interactive displays. The elucidations of this manuscript hold substantial merit for the continual evolution and innovation within the museum industry.

Streamline Intelligent Crowd Monitoring with IoT Cloud Computing Middleware.

This article introduces a novel middleware that utilizes cost-effective, low-power computing devices like Raspberry Pi to analyze data from wireless sensor networks (WSNs). It is designed for indoor settings like historical buildings and museums, tracking visitors and identifying points of interest. It serves as an evacuation aid by monitoring occupancy and gauging the popularity of specific areas, subjects, or art exhibitions. The middleware employs a basic form of the MapReduce algorithm to gather WSN data and distribute it across available computer nodes. Data collected by RFID sensors on visitor badges is stored on mini-computers placed in exhibition rooms and then transmitted to a remote database after a preset time frame. Utilizing MapReduce for data analysis and a leader election algorithm for fault tolerance, this middleware showcases its viability through metrics, demonstrating applications like swift prototyping and accurate validation of findings. Despite using simpler hardware, its performance matches resource-intensive methods involving audiovisual and AI techniques. This design's innovation lies in its fault-tolerant, distributed setup using budget-friendly, low-power devices rather than resource-heavy hardware or methods. Successfully tested at a historical building in Greece (M. Hatzidakis' residence), it is tailored for indoor spaces. This paper compares its algorithmic application layer with other implementations, highlighting its technical strengths and advantages. Particularly relevant in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic and general monitoring middleware for indoor locations, this middleware holds promise in tracking visitor counts and overall building occupancy.

Characteristics of Using Oriental Medicine Clinics during the Japanese Occupation: An Analysis of the 1931 Seoul Bochun Clinic Account Book.

This article analyzes the "account book" of Kim Young-hoon (1882-1974), which summarizes information about patients at his Bochun Clinic in Seoul (then Gyeongseong) in 1931. Kim Young-hoon was a pivotal figure in the medical scene throughout the Korean Empire, the Japanese occupation, and the early years of the Republic of Korea. He left behind a large amount of documentation during his 60 years of practice at the Bochun Clinic, which he opened in the spring of 1909. In particular, the 1931 "account book" offers an insight into the daily life histories of his patients. Among the patient-visitors recorded in the account book, there were many influential people of the time, ranging from privileged individuals to anti-Japanese independence activists, from those in political and economic fields to those in academic and entertainment fields. At the same time, a significant number of lower-class people also visited the Clinic. Geographically, patients were centered in the city center of the capital, Gyeongseong, but were also widely distributed throughout the country. There are indications that those from the rural areas stayed in the homes of their acquaintances in Seoul. As such, the account book provides a tangible, concrete picture of the clinic's management for the year 1931, including visitor demographics, visiting diagnoses, telephone consultations, and the total cost of medicinal prescriptions. Because the account book is a one-year statistic, it has its limitations; however, it is the smallest unit that can be analyzed statistically. It provides insights into how many people came in over the course of a year and how much they spent. The expenditures are kept per individual family. The patient's name, prescribed medication, and the price of the medicine are mandatorily included, and in many cases, the place of residence and family relationships are also noted. The account book shows several layers of householders, servants, and employees in the extended family; it also shows people in various occupations. A few privileged families accounted for nearly half of the total expenditures, and the powerful visited frequently, utilizing Oriental medicine for many of their daily needs. For some, the Bochun Clinic is reminiscent of the royal temples of the dynasties. Patients come from the center and suburbs of Seoul, as well as from all over the country. In one year, more than one thousand types of prescriptions are issued and the total cost of medicines is about 33 seom (≒180 liters of rice). Although there is a concentration of high-frequency prescriptions, more than a thousand prescriptions are prescribed only once, which shows that the practice is specialized for each individual. Patient visits, consultations, and telephone use are observed, and the use of new drugs, quinine, and special ginseng as one-herb medication (danbang) are also noticeable. The statistical analysis of the 1931 Bochun Clinic "account book" can serve as a milestone for comparative analysis of the patterns of herbal medicine use before and after that year. Meanwhile, the Bochun Clinic "account book" shows the continuation of traditional practices of herbal medicine by both the powerful and the masses. On the one hand, Koreans responded to the coercive tide of modernity symbolized by the Imperial Governorate of Japan, but on the other hand, they were unwilling to let go of tradition and their own authority. While actively embracing the tide of civilization, Koreans also internalized their own rationality and sought to open a new path forward, a sentiment discernible between the lines of the "account book."

Collaboration between general practitioners and health visitors about children of concern in Denmark: a qualitative study.

Primary health care services are responsible for preventive measures to optimize child development in the first years of life. In Denmark, these services are shared between general practitioners and municipality health visitors. National guidelines mandate collaboration between these professionals but in reality, they work in parallel. We aimed to explore how professionals experience collaboration and communication regarding children with professional concern about their wellbeing. Seventeen semi-structured interviews were conducted with general practitioners, and health visitors. Both professions considered closer collaboration to be important in meeting children's needs. Barriers to collaboration and communication included differing legal obligations, Information Technology-systems (IT), lack of financial incentives, lack of mutual professional acknowledgment and respect, and absence of routines for sharing knowledge. The traditional division of responsibilities between physicians and nurses in which all professionals involved in preventive child health care are acculturated seems to impede collaboration based on unequal professional status. IT infrastructure needs to support information sharing and structures to support informal meetings between professionals are warranted to support more collaborative practice.

Relationship between Ear Temperature, Behaviour and Stress Hormones in Guinea Pigs (Cavia porcellus) during Different Interactive Activities in Zoos.

Guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) are used for interactive activities in zoos; therefore, it is important to investigate their welfare. This study aimed to evaluate the validity of measuring the guinea pigs' body temperature of guinea pigs through the ear canal and investigate the relationship among changes in the expression of negative behavior, changes in body temperature, and changes in salivary cortisol concentration, and examine the effects of different interactive activities. In the normal interactive activities performed at the site, the decreased body temperature of pigs was observed over time. In contrast, increased body temperature was observed in excessive interactive activities, which are not recommended. Among the negative behaviors, "Head turning" and "Locomotion" increased significantly in excessive interactions compared to normal interactions, but "Head tossing" decreased significantly over time in both types of interactions. "Freezing" was observed only in excessive interactions. Salivary cortisol concentration increased significantly for all activities. Investigating the relationship between the individual expression of negative behavior and changes in body temperature and changes cortisol level made it possible to uncover the potential for inferring an animal's physiological state. Combining ear temperature monitoring and behavioral observation during zoo interaction activities is recommended as an ethical and scientifically supported practice.

Taxonomic and Functional Diversity of Flower-Visiting Insects in Coffee Crops.

Despite the important role that flower-visiting insects play in agricultural production, none of the previous studies of coffee pollinators in Colombia have incorporated functional diversity into their analysis. Therefore, this study aimed to quantify the abundance, richness, and functional diversity of insects that visit flowers in coffee crops. Twenty-eight plots were selected among five sites in the north, center, and south of Colombia. In each plot, coffee flower insect visitors were collected and recorded on 90 trees at eight-minute intervals per tree, at three different times over three days. All sampling was carried out during two flowering events per year, over three years, resulting in a total of 1240 h of observations. Subsequently, the insects were taxonomically identified, and the number of individuals and species, as well as the diversity of the order q, were estimated. Functional diversity was also characterized in the bee community. The results: (a) 23,735 individuals belonging to 566 species were recorded; of them, 90 were bees, with the native species being the most abundant during 10:30 and 13:00 h; (b) bees formed five functional groups, with corbiculate and long-tongued non-corbiculate bees being the most abundant and occupying the largest regions of functional space; (c) potential pollinators in coffee crops are Apis mellifera, Nannotrigona gaboi, Tetragonisca angustula, Geotrigona cf. tellurica, and Partamona cf. peckolti. Coffee crops host a wide diversity of flower visitors, especially bees, which could be beneficial for productivity and contribute to the maintenance of plant species that accompany coffee cultivation.

A Holistic Approach for Enhancing Museum Performance and Visitor Experience.

Managing modern museum content and visitor data analytics to achieve higher levels of visitor experience and overall museum performance is a complex and multidimensional issue involving several scientific aspects, such as exhibits' metadata management, visitor movement tracking and modelling, location/context-aware content provision, etc. In related prior research, most of the efforts have focused individually on some of these aspects and do not provide holistic approaches enhancing both museum performance and visitor experience. This paper proposes an integrated conceptualisation for improving these two aspects, involving four technological components. First, the adoption and parameterisation of four ontologies for the digital documentation and presentation of exhibits and their conservation methods, spatial management, and evaluation. Second, a tool for capturing visitor movement in near real-time, both anonymously (default) and eponymously (upon visitor consent). Third, a mobile application delivers personalised content to eponymous visitors based on static (e.g., demographic) and dynamic (e.g., visitor movement) data. Lastly, a platform assists museum administrators in managing visitor statistics and evaluating exhibits, collections, and routes based on visitors' behaviour and interactions. Preliminary results from a pilot implementation of this holistic approach in a multi-space high-traffic museum (MELTOPENLAB project) indicate that a cost-efficient, fully functional solution is feasible, and achieving an optimal trade-off between technical performance and cost efficiency is possible for museum administrators seeking unfragmented approaches that add value to their cultural heritage organisations.

Living with unsettled baby behaviours: Qualitative interview study exploring parental perceptions and experiences of help-seeking.

AIM: To explore parents' perceptions/experiences of help-seeking for unsettled baby behaviours, including views and experiences of obtaining advice from primary healthcare professionals. DESIGN: Semi-structured qualitative interviews. METHODS: Recruitment occurred via social media, general practice and health visiting teams. Remote semi-structured interviews were conducted with parents of babies. Babies were under 12 months old at time of interview, and parents had perceived unsettled baby behaviours in their first 4 months of life. Interviews were transcribed and data analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. RESULTS: Based on interviews with 25 mothers, four main themes were developed. 'The need for answers' highlighted parental uncertainty about what constitutes normal baby behaviour, leading to help-seeking from multiple sources. 'The importance of health professionals' and 'Experiencing health professional support' identified perceptions about limited access, communication, mixed advice and how these influenced parental perception/management of behaviours. 'Foundations to help-seeking' highlighted important roles of social support and online help for valued shared experiences, emotional and practical support. CONCLUSION: Health professional access and advice are important to parents, despite the increasing role of online help and importance of social support. More support and improved access to reliable sources of information is needed for parents. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROFESSION AND/OR PATIENT CARE: Findings will inform future research and clinical practice to address parental uncertainties. Qualitative research with front-line health professionals is necessary. IMPACT: Findings can inform the development of resources to support professionals/families managing unsettled babies. REPORTING METHOD: Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research. PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT: A public contributor was involved throughout all stages of the research. Emerging findings were discussed at a parent group. WHAT DOES THIS PAPER CONTRIBUTE TO THE WIDER GLOBAL CLINICAL COMMUNITY?: Addressing parental uncertainties is important; about what is normal, non-pharmacological approaches and when pharmacological intervention is required. A digital information/self-management intervention may be useful for parents/clinicians.

Spatial and Temporal Variations in Richness, Diversity and Abundance of Floral Visitors of Curry Plants (Bergera koenigii L.): Insights on Plant-Pollinator Interactions.

The reproductive success of flowering plants relates to flower-visitor communities and plant-pollinator interactions. These traits are species- and region-specific and vary across regions, pollinator groups, and plant species. However, little literature exists on the spatiotemporal variation in visitor activity, especially in India. Here, we aimed to depict the spatial and temporal variation in visitor activity on the curry plants (Bergera koenigii). Data were collected at different daytime slots from three vegetation zones (confirmed by field surveys and normalized difference vegetation index values in remote sensing)-dense, medium-density, and low-density vegetation in West Bengal, India. The visitors' richness, diversity, and abundance were higher in the area with dense vegetation. Considering daytime patterns, higher values for these parameters were obtained during 10.00-14.00 h. For most visitors, the flower handling time was shorter, and the visitation rate was higher in dense vegetation areas (at 10.00-14.00 h) than in medium- and low-density vegetation areas. The proportions of different foraging categories varied over time. Vital pollinators were Apis cerana, Apis dorsata, Appias libythea, Halictus acrocephalus, Nomia iridescens, and Tetragonula iridipennis. However, the effectiveness of pollinators remained region-specific. Therefore, it can be concluded that floral visitors' richness, diversity, abundance, and plant-visitor interactions varied spatially with their surrounding vegetation types and also changed daytime-wise.

Development of Ward Visitor Management System in the COVID-19 Epidemic.

The purpose of this study was to design, develop, and deploy a visitor management system (VMS) to effectively manage visitors during COVID-19. The VMS was designed using the User-Centered Design (UCD) methodology. The iterative process of UCD includes 3 interviews and 5 usability tests and cognitive walkthrough cycles. This system comprised six parts: the WEB server provides visit scheduling service; the database server stores visit data and provides visit data services; the mobile application server provides security checks and scanning services; the electronic medical record (EMR) server provides ward data service; the Internet application gateway provides health code data service and exchanges health code data with the Sichuan Tianfu Health Code platform, and the service bus enables the centralized exchange and integration of visit data. The visit management system optimizes the workflow of ward visitors, improves staff productivity, and reduces the risk of infection transmission.

Impact of Visitor Restrictions on the Pain and Psychological Wellbeing of Palliative Care Patients: A Cohort Study.

Aim: Palliative care patients with advanced or life-threatening illnesses in hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic are likely to be affected by visitor restrictions (VR). We aimed to explore the impact of VR on patients' levels of physical pain and psychological distress. Design: Retrospective cohort study comparing two cohorts of patients admitted to a palliative care unit in a major metropolitan hospital in Australia; the first cohort from 1 April to 30 June 2019 (pre-pandemic; n = 96), and the second from 1 April to 30 June 2020 (during pandemic; n = 95). Methods: Patient-rated pain scores (using the Symptom Assessment Scale; SAS) and clinician-rated pain and psychological/spiritual severity scores (using the Palliative Care Problem Severity Score; PCPSS) on admission and on discharge or death were compared between pre-pandemic and pandemic cohorts. Discharge pain scores and change in scores from admission to discharge were also assessed via multivariable analyses. Results: Case-mix of patients in both cohorts were similar. After adjusting for demographics and functional status, pain scores in the pandemic cohort were higher for patients deceased on discharge, compared to the pre-pandemic cohort (SAS: coefficient = 0.86, 95%CI: 0.09 to 1.64, P = 0.029; PCPSS: coefficient = 0.24, 95%CI: -0.07 to 0.86, P = 0.131, respectively). Differences in SAS and PCPSS pain and psychological/spiritual scores for those discharged alive were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Among palliative care inpatients affected by VR, we observed higher pain scores for patients discharged deceased; suggesting that VR may have impacted the physical wellbeing (pain) of these patients.

The digitalization of outdoor recreation: Global perspectives on the opportunities and challenges for protected area management.

The increasing popularity of digital media among protected area visitors poses challenges to protected area management. It alters the way visitors move and behave in the area, potentially increasing disturbance of nature, and it might also affect their expectation prior to the visit and their reflection on it. Simultaneously, digital media allow protected area managers to develop and implement new methods of digital visitor management (DVM). This may help to avoid conflicts and ensure compliance with rules and regulations and may have much further reaching positive consequences. Based on an online survey across 131 parks in 46 countries covering all continents, this study examined for the first time how protected areas view DVM. The results showed that the majority of park managers see digitalization as an opportunity, with 91% agreeing that it enables them to reach larger numbers of visitors and to provide real-time information. The advantage of integrating digital media into visitor monitoring was recognized. However, some park managers perceived digitalization as problematic, with 42% agreeing that it increases visitor load in sensitive areas and 40% agreeing that it leads to more off-trail activity. A clear majority of the respondents (61-91%) saw the proposed methods of DVM as effective or very effective. Accordingly, 70% of them envisioned using DVM in the future. Our findings suggest that the effects of digitalization in outdoor recreation are largely similar across the globe, with no significant influence of economic status or region. They offer insights into the potential of DVM for protected area management, but also its main obstacles. Adoption will be facilitated by increasing staff and funding for DVM. Additionally, knowledge exchange between protected areas can ease the successful implementation of new digital tools.

Palliative care, COVID-19, and the suffering quotient.

OBJECTIVES: The COVID-19 pandemic presented many challenges for patients with palliative care needs and their care providers. During the early days of the pandemic, visitors were restricted on our palliative care units. These restrictions separated patients from their families and caregivers and led to considerable suffering for patients, families, and health-care providers. Using clinical vignettes that illustrate the suffering caused by visiting restrictions during the pandemic, the introduction of a new concept to help predict when health-care providers might be moved to advocate for their patients is introduced. METHODS: We report 3 cases of patients admitted to a palliative care unit during the COVID-19 pandemic and discuss the visiting restrictions placed on their families. In reviewing the cases, we coined a new concept, the "Suffering Quotient" (SQ), to help understand why clinical staff might be motivated to advocate for an exemption to the visiting restrictions in one situation and not another. RESULTS: This paper uses 3 cases to illustrate a new concept that we have coined the Suffering Quotient. The Suffering Quotient (SQ) = Perceived Individual (or small group) Suffering/Perceived Population Suffering. This paper also explores factors that influence perceived individual suffering (the numerator) and perceived population suffering (the denominator) from the perspective of the health-care provider. SIGNIFICANCE OF RESULTS: The SQ provides a means of weighing perceived patient and family suffering against perceived contextual population suffering. It reflects the threshold beyond which health-care providers, or other outside observers, are moved to advocate for the patient and ultimately how far they might be prepared to go. The SQ offers a potential means of predicting observer responses when they are exposed to multiple suffering scenarios, such as those that occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Frontline nurses' experiences of managing visitor restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic in a Danish university hospital - Lessons learned.

BACKGROUND: Worldwide visitor restrictions forced nurses to separate patients from their relatives. However, the experience of implementing shifting restrictions from the frontline nurses' perspectives in a Danish context has yet to be assessed. AIM: The aim of this descriptive qualitative study was to explore frontline nurses' experiences of managing shifting visitor restrictions in a Danish somatic university hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: An online questionnaire, including open-ended questions, was developed. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and content analysis. FINDINGS: 116 nurses from 29 departments participated; they were informed about restrictions primarily by their charge nurses and hospital intranet. Shifting visitor restrictions compelled the nurses to constantly adjust and negotiate their practices. When deciding to suggest deviating from the restrictions, they shared their decision-making with colleagues. Visitor restrictions left the hospital environment quieter, but they also created a lack of overview and predictability, an emotional burden, and a negative impact on the quality of care. CONCLUSION: Restricting relatives' access challenged the nurses' professional values, and it seems to have affirmed their appreciation of relatives' role as important partners in contemporary hospital-based health care.

The Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Visitor Restrictions on the Attitudes of Emergency Department Staff.

INTRODUCTION: During the first 2 years of the pandemic, visitors for patients with COVID-19 were prohibited from emergency departments in the United States with few exceptions, leaving patients without their caregivers and advocates. Little is known about emergency nurses and nursing assistive personnel beliefs regarding this issue. Therefore, this study's purpose was to describe and assess relationships among emergency nursing and assistive personnel attitudes and perceptions regarding emergency department "no-visitor policies" for patients with COVID-19. METHODS: This institutional review board-approved observational study was conducted in a health care system in the Southwestern United States. Nursing personnel (n = 180; 21.74% response rate) working in 11 emergency departments completed the survey during the fall of 2021. Bivariate correlations and multivariable linear regression modeling were performed to explore relationships among survey questions. RESULTS: Most participants (61%) strongly/very strongly believed that restriction of visitors for patients with COVID-19 was necessary for the protection of staff and patients. In addition, 65% reported strongly/very strongly agreeing that it was unethical and 75% felt upset when these patients died alone. Most (81%) strongly/very strongly agreed that exemptions to the policy should be made in some cases, including imminent death. Respondents' recognition of patients' displeasure with visitor policy, recognition that a lack of visitors affected efficiency, and feeling upset when these patients died alone negatively predicted agreement that restriction was necessary. CONCLUSION: Although most participants favored visitation restrictions for patients with coronavirus disease 2019, their beliefs were complex. Navigating stringent visitation policies and vulnerable patients' needs can result in moral distress for ED personnel.

Violence against nurses by patients and visitors in the emergency department: An integrative review.

AIM: This integrative review explored violence against emergency nurses by patients/visitors, examining its nature, contributing factors and consequences. DESIGN: Integrative review. DATA SOURCES: Articles were obtained from PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, Web of Science and PsycInfo databases, up until December 2021. REVIEW METHODS: 26 articles were reviewed, evaluating study quality with the Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool and synthesizing conclusions through theme development and coding. RESULTS: This review delves into the issue of violence perpetrated against emergency nurses by patients and visitors. It elucidates three overarching themes: the nature of violence, the contributing factors and the consequences of such acts. CONCLUSION: The findings inform healthcare policy for the development of prevention approaches while identifying research gaps and emphasizing the need for alternative study designs and methodologies. IMPACT: This review has implications for nursing practice, policymaking and research, emphasizing the need for stakeholder engagement and tailored interventions for at-risk emergency nurses. NO PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: This project was an integrative review of the literature therefore no patient or public contribution was necessary. WHAT ALREADY IS KNOWN: Violence by patients and visitors in healthcare settings, especially in emergency departments, has garnered considerable attention. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: This review specifically examines violence-targeting emergency department nurses from patients and visitors, assessing its characteristics, contributing factors and consequences. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE/POLICY: The findings will guide stakeholder engagement in developing interventions to support vulnerable emergency nurses.

Male Emphorini (Hymenoptera: Apidae) bees use flowers of Ipomoea carnea (Convolvulaceae) as overnight resting sites / Machos de abelhas Emphorini (Hymenoptera: Apidae) utilizam flores de Ipomoea carnea (Convolvulaceae) como locais de pernoite

Abstract The present study describes the behavior of male Emphorini bees in exploiting Convolvulaceae flowers as sleeping-sheltering place. The observations occurred inadvertently during a field study in an Agroforestry System in the Caatinga region, near the banks of the São Francisco River in Petrolina, Pernambuco - NE-Brazil. Males were observed and collected in wilted flowers of Ipomoea carnea (Convolvulaceae) during the evening. The sampling revealed nine Emphorini bees, belonging to three oligolectic species specialized on Convolvulaceae. We propose that the infundibuliform morphology of Ipomoea carnea flowers and the varied timing of anthesis could influence the choice of these flowers as overnight resting places. Furthermore, we endorse the idea present in the literature that males of oligolectic bees generally engage in patrolling flowers utilized by females, thereby enhancing the chances of encountering potential mates, making these flowers rendezvous places. The observation of this behavior highlights the interdependence between bees and plants and raises the possibility that the loss of these flowers could negatively impact bees not only in a nutrition aspect but also regarding shelter and reproduction.

Resumo O presente estudo documenta o comportamento de abelhas machos do grupo Emphorini em explorar flores da família Convolvulaceae como local para dormir e se abrigar. As observações foram realizadas inadvertidamente durante um estudo de campo em um Sistema Agroflorestal na região da Caatinga, próximo às margens do Rio São Francisco, em Petrolina, Pernambuco - Nordeste do Brasil. Machos foram observados e coletados em flores fechadas de Ipomoea carnea (Convolvulaceae) durante o entardecer. Em nossa amostragem, encontramos nove machos da tribo Emphorini, pertencentes a três espécies oligoléticas especializadas em Convolvulaceae. Propomos que a morfologia infundibuliforme das flores de Ipomoea carnea e os diferentes períodos de antese das flores podem influenciar a escolha dessas flores como locais de descanso durante à noite. Além disso, nossos dados endossam a ideia de que machos de abelhas oligoléticas geralmente patrulham flores utilizadas por fêmeas, aumentando assim as chances de encontrar possíveis parceiras, tornando essas flores locais de encontro para acasalamento. O registro desse comportamento destaca a interdependência entre abelhas e plantas e levanta a possibilidade de que a perda dessas flores possa impactar negativamente as abelhas não apenas em relação a sua nutrição, mas também em relação ao abrigo e reprodução.

Visitor engagement with zoo staff and interpretive demonstrations increases visitor stay time in two free-flight aviaries.

Understanding how visitors spend time in zoo exhibits is important as zoological facilities work to enhance visitor experience and conservation education outcomes. We explored a variety of factors we hypothesized would influence visitor stay times in two aviaries at Disney's Animal Kingdom®. Within these aviaries, visitors could utilize educational materials, listen to staff-led demonstrations, or talks, view animal training sessions, or speak directly with animal care or education staff. We observed visitors and recorded the opportunities they utilized in the exhibit. Visitors to either aviary who conversed with exhibit-specific staff stayed between 67% and 89% longer than visitors who did not. In addition, visitors who used a bird guide while in either aviary stayed between 59% and 82% longer than those who did not. Those who listened to an animal care talk or engaged with a staff-led demonstration stayed between 50% and 68% longer than those who did not have the option to participate in such activities. This study provides insight into how exhibit offerings can influence visitor behavior. Implementing strategies used in this study to increase visitors' time in an exhibit may enhance visitor experience and improve learning outcomes.

Aquarium Visitors Catch Some Rays: Rays Are More Active in the Presence of More Visitors.

Humans are a constant in the lives of captive animals, but the effects of human-animal interactions vary. Research on the welfare impacts of human-animal interactions focus predominantly on mammals, whereas fish have been overlooked. To address this lack of research, we assessed the impacts of aquarium visitors on the behaviors of ten members of four elasmobranch species: an Atlantic stingray (Dasyatis sabina), four southern stingrays (Hypanus americanus), two blue-spotted maskrays (Neotrygon kuhlii), and three fiddler rays (Trygonorrhina dumerilii). The rays engaged in a significantly higher proportion of active behaviors and a lower proportion of inactive behaviors when visitor density levels were high; however, there were no significant changes for negative or social behaviors. Individual analyses indicated that all three fiddler rays and one of the southern stingrays' active behaviors differed across visitor density levels, whereas there was no association between active behavior and visitor density levels for the other rays. Further research is needed to determine whether this pattern is an adaptive or maladaptive response to visitors, but this research provides much needed initial data on activity budgets within elasmobranch species.

Clinical helpline: communicating and improving inpatient experience and safety using digital health records.

The clinical telephone helpline discussed here is a communication channel for family members and caregivers whose loved ones are in hospital. It makes full use of the effect families can have on the care experience and complements standard visiting as well as when hospital visits are restricted. The helpline helps to meet family members' health information and emotional wellbeing needs and is a reciprocal patient safety communication channel. Three main benefits have been identified. Flrst, communication between patients, relatives, communities and staff is enhanced. The helpline provides comprehensive patient clinical updates to relatives and caregivers using live digital healthcare records, and person-centred care is facilitated by patient-specific information being obtained by helpline clinicians from relatives. Second, it releases time to care. The helpline runs remotely, away from wards, enabling ward-based clinicians to prioritise direct patient care. Finally, clinical staff who are unable to work directly within wards maintain their active engagement in care provision, supporting relatives, patients and their ward-based colleagues.