The Negative Predictive Ability of Immature Neutrophils for Bacteremia in Children With Community-Acquired Infections.

Background: Bacteremia is a serious condition. We aimed to assess the role of immature neutrophils in peripheral blood smears for prediction of bacteremia in children. Methods: In this cross-sectional study conducted in Salvador, Brazil, blood cultures collected from patients aged ≤18 years were identified. White Blood Cell count (WBC) was performed upon admission. Medical charts were reviewed and cases from the community were included. Results: Out of 833 potentially eligible patients, 263 (31.6%) were excluded. Therefore, the study group comprised 570 patients being blood collected for culture upon admission from all of them and WBC performed upon admission from 566. The median age was 2 years (IQR: 9.4 mo-5 y) and 300 (52.6%) were male. Acute respiratory infection was the most frequent diagnosis (n = 388; 68.1%), being 250 (43.9%) lower (LRTI) and 138 (24.2%) upper respiratory tract infections. Blood culture was positive in 9 (1.6%; 95% CI: 0.8-2.9%) cases, out of which 7 (2.8%) had LRTI. Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 3), Haemophilus (n = 2), Neisseria meningitidis, viridans streptococci, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Acinetobacter baumanii (n = 1 each) were isolated. The total WBC/mm3 did not differ when children with positive or negative blood culture were compared (12,100 [IQR: 6,950-15,250] vs. 11,000 [IQR: 7,900-14,900]; P = 0.9). However, presence of any immature neutrophil was significantly more frequent among patients with bacteremia in comparison with patients without bacteremia (100% [9/9] vs. 40% [223/557]; P < 0.001). The absolute number of immature neutrophils was significantly lower among children without bacteremia (0 [IQR: 0-259] vs. 325 [IQR: 275-1,106]; P < 0.001). Overall, the area under the ROC curve of the number of immature neutrophils in regard to bacteremia was 0.82 (95% CI: 0.76-0.88; P = 0.001). Among 413 patients with absolute number of immature neutrophils <242/mm3, none had bacteremia; among 153 patients with absolute number of immature neutrophils ≥242/mm3, 9 (5.9%) had bacteremia. Absolute number of immature neutrophils ≥242/mm3 showed: sensitivity 100% (95% CI: 71.7-100%), specificity 74.1% (95% CI: 70.4-77.7%), negative predictive value 100% (95% CI: 99.3-100.0%), and positive predictive value 5.9% (95% CI: 2.9-10.5%). When only children with LRTI were analyzed, the results were similar. Conclusion: The absolute number of immature neutrophils in peripheral blood smear is a potential tool to rule out bacteremia among children with community-acquired infections.

Cannabidiol on 5-FU-induced oral mucositis in mice.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical, histological, hematological, and oxidative stress effects of cannabidiol (CBD) in mice with induced oral mucositis. METHODS: We used 90 mice of the CF-1 strain in which oral mucositis was induced using a protocol with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) chemotherapy. The animals were divided randomly into 10 study groups. Three groups were treated with different doses of CBD (3, 10, and 30 mg/kg), while 2 were control groups (positive control: 5-FU + mechanical trauma + placebo; and negative control: mechanical trauma + placebo), and 2 experimental times were studied (4 and 7 days). All treatments were by intraperitoneal administration. RESULTS: In the clinical evaluation, the groups treated with CBD showed less severity of oral lesions compared with the positive control at both experimental times. The intensity of the inflammatory response was also lower in the groups treated with this drug, but there was no statistically significant difference when compared with the positive control. With regard to erythrocyte, leukocyte, and platelet counts and anti-oxidant enzyme activity, the groups treated with CBD showed better results, but only some of these variables showed statistically significant differences. CONCLUSIONS: CBD seems to exert an anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activity favoring a faster resolution of oral mucositis in this animal model.

Influência do peri-parto sobre o perfil hematológico de vacas mestiças (holandês x zebu) mantidas sob pastejo rotativo / Influence of periparturient on the hematologic profile of crossbred cows (holstein x zebu) in pasture rotating

O objetivo do estudo foi conhecer a influência do período peri-parto sobre parâmetros avaliados no hemograma de vacas leiteiras. Foram utilizadas 25 vacas mestiças (Holandês x Zebu) e avaliados os seguintes parâmetros: volume globular, contagem de eritrócitos, concentração de hemoglobina, concentração de proteína plasmática total, concentração de fibrinogênio plasmático, leucometria global e específica. As amostras de sangue foram colhidas semanalmente, com início na 4ª semana anterior ao parto etérmino na 4ª semana após o parto. Para análise quantitativa dos dados, foi utilizada análise da variância (ANOVA), regressão linear e teste t de Student a 5% de probabilidade (p<0,05). Os resultados indicaram um decréscimo (p<0,05) na contagem de eritrócitos do pré-parto ao pós-parto, apesar destes valores permanecerem dentro dos limites de referência. No leucograma, observou-se leucocitose com neutrofilia, linfocitose e monocitose no período anterior ao parto, seguido de decréscimos das médias aos limites fisiológicos no pós-parto, efeitos estes característicos da estimulação adrenérgica, principalmente no momento do parto. Proteínas plasmáticas e fibrinogênio foram os parâmetros que sofreram menos alterações no período estudado. Com base nos resultados do presente estudo, ressalta-se a importância do acompanhamento dos parâmetros do leucograma no peri-parto a fim de caracterizar melhor a possibilidade de processos inflamatórios, infecciosos ou alterações relacionadas ao estresse do manejo inadequado, visto que no momento do peri-parto, as vacas tornam-se momentaneamente mais susceptíveis a enfermidades infecciosas. Por isso, a necessidade de um eficiente manejo profilático para evitar a ocorrência de doenças.

This study aimed to analyze the influence of peripartum on hematological parameters of dairy cows. We used 25 crossbred cows (Holstein x Zebu) to determine the following parameters: globular volume, erythrocyte count, hemoglobin content, total plasma protein, plasma fibrinogen, total leukocytes and leukometry specific. Blood collections were made every week starting at four weeks before the birth and ending at four weeks after parturition. For quantitative analysis of the various parameters studied was used analysis of variance (ANOVA), linear regression and Student t-test at 5% probability (p <0.05). The results showed fewer erythrocytes postpartum when compared with antepartum, although remaining in the reference values for the species. In the leukogram, leukocytosis was observed with neutrophilia, lymphocytosis and monocytosis in the period before parturition, followed by decreases to the physiological limits in the postpartum period, which are characteristic of adrenergic stimulation, especially at the time of parturition. Plasma proteins and fibrinogen were the parameters that suffered the least changes in the studied period. Based on the results of the present study, it is important to follow the leukogram parameters in the peripartum, in order to better characterize the possibility of inflammatory, infectious or stress-related changes in the inadequate management, since at the moment of peripartum, cows become momentarily more susceptible to infectious diseases. Therefore, the need for an efficient prophylactic management to avoid the occurrence of diseases.

Influência do peri-parto sobre o perfil hematológico de vacas mestiças (holandês x zebu) mantidas sob pastejo rotativo / Influence of periparturient on the hematologic profile of crossbred cows (holstein x zebu) in pasture rotating

O objetivo do estudo foi conhecer a influência do período peri-parto sobre parâmetros avaliados no hemograma de vacas leiteiras. Foram utilizadas 25 vacas mestiças (Holandês x Zebu) e avaliados os seguintes parâmetros: volume globular, contagem de eritrócitos, concentração de hemoglobina, concentração de proteína plasmática total, concentração de fibrinogênio plasmático, leucometria global e específica. As amostras de sangue foram colhidas semanalmente, com início na 4ª semana anterior ao parto etérmino na 4ª semana após o parto. Para análise quantitativa dos dados, foi utilizada análise da variância (ANOVA), regressão linear e teste t de Student a 5% de probabilidade (p<0,05). Os resultados indicaram um decréscimo (p<0,05) na contagem de eritrócitos do pré-parto ao pós-parto, apesar destes valores permanecerem dentro dos limites de referência. No leucograma, observou-se leucocitose com neutrofilia, linfocitose e monocitose no período anterior ao parto, seguido de decréscimos das médias aos limites fisiológicos no pós-parto, efeitos estes característicos da estimulação adrenérgica, principalmente no momento do parto. Proteínas plasmáticas e fibrinogênio foram os parâmetros que sofreram menos alterações no período estudado. Com base nos resultados do presente estudo, ressalta-se a importância do acompanhamento dos parâmetros do leucograma no peri-parto a fim de caracterizar melhor a possibilidade de processos inflamatórios, infecciosos ou alterações relacionadas ao estresse do manejo inadequado, visto que no momento do peri-parto, as vacas tornam-se momentaneamente mais susceptíveis a enfermidades infecciosas. Por isso, a necessidade de um eficiente manejo profilático para evitar a ocorrência de doenças.(AU)

This study aimed to analyze the influence of peripartum on hematological parameters of dairy cows. We used 25 crossbred cows (Holstein x Zebu) to determine the following parameters: globular volume, erythrocyte count, hemoglobin content, total plasma protein, plasma fibrinogen, total leukocytes and leukometry specific. Blood collections were made every week starting at four weeks before the birth and ending at four weeks after parturition. For quantitative analysis of the various parameters studied was used analysis of variance (ANOVA), linear regression and Student t-test at 5% probability (p <0.05). The results showed fewer erythrocytes postpartum when compared with antepartum, although remaining in the reference values for the species. In the leukogram, leukocytosis was observed with neutrophilia, lymphocytosis and monocytosis in the period before parturition, followed by decreases to the physiological limits in the postpartum period, which are characteristic of adrenergic stimulation, especially at the time of parturition. Plasma proteins and fibrinogen were the parameters that suffered the least changes in the studied period. Based on the results of the present study, it is important to follow the leukogram parameters in the peripartum, in order to better characterize the possibility of inflammatory, infectious or stress-related changes in the inadequate management, since at the moment of peripartum, cows become momentarily more susceptible to infectious diseases. Therefore, the need for an efficient prophylactic management to avoid the occurrence of diseases.(AU)

The impact of preapheresis white blood cell count on autologous peripheral blood stem cell collection efficiency and HSC infusion side effect rate.

BACKGROUND: Autologous peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cell (PBSC) collection efficiency (CE) is reportedly affected by the patient's blood properties; however, studies to identify factors correlated with CE have shown inconsistent results. Additionally, variables such as stem cell graft granulocyte content and patient age, sex, and underlying disease, may be associated with hematopietic stem cell (HSC) infusion-related adverse reactions. In this study, we evaluated the correlation of preleukapheresis PB granulocyte count and PBSC harvest variables with CD34+ collection yield and efficiency, and thawed HSC infusion side effect occurrence. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We evaluated data from 361 patients who had undergone autologous PBSC transplant. Large volume leukapheresis was the method for PBSC collection. Complete Blood Count and CD34+ cell enumeration were performed in the preapheresis PB and the apheresis product sample. The PBSC grafts were submitted to non-controlled rate freezing after addition of 5% DMSO plus 6% hidroxyethylstarch as a cryoprotectant solution. The cryopreserved graft was thawed in a 37°C water bath and then infused without further manipulation. RESULTS: The CD34+ yield was associated with preapheresis PB CD34+ count and immature granulocyte count. The PBSC CE was negatively correlated with preapheresis white blood cell (WBC), immature granulocyte and granulocyte count. The leukapheresis product total nucleated cell (TNC) and granulocyte content was correlated with the thawed graft infusion side effect occurrence. CONCLUSION: This study has shown that preapheresis PB WBC and granulocyte counts were associated with leukapheresis CE. Additionally, the leukapheresis product TNC and granulocyte content was correlated with thawed graft infusion side effect occurrence.

Hematologic Variation Values of Captive Red-footed Tortoise (Chelonoidis carbonaria) in South Brazil

Background: Reference hematological values for chelonians are uncommon, especially those that take account of seasonal variations. While there exists controversy over how climate influences hematological values in different reptile species, the identification of this influence would help with the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of diseases that affect these species, often kept as pets. Chelonians are ectotherms and, therefore, intrinsic and extrinsic factors may affect physiological and hematological values, affecting the interpretation of clinical information on these species. The aims of this study were to assess the hematological values of captive red-footed tortoises (Chelonoidis carbonaria) and to check their variation according to the cold and warmer seasons of the year.Materials, Methods &Results: Blood samples were collected from nine red-footed tortoises (C. carbonaria) of indeterminate sex and different ages, bred in captivity without control over environmental variables during one year, one each season (summer, fall, winter and spring). A total of 36 samples were considered to study. The colder seasons were collapsed together into one group that holds winter and fall (colds) and the months whit warmer weather spring and summer were grouped as a class called (warm). The complete blood count was performed manually, and medians, maximum values, and minimum value

Hematologic Variation Values of Captive Red-footed Tortoise (Chelonoidis carbonaria) in South Brazil

Background: Reference hematological values for chelonians are uncommon, especially those that take account of seasonal variations. While there exists controversy over how climate influences hematological values in different reptile species, the identification of this influence would help with the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of diseases that affect these species, often kept as pets. Chelonians are ectotherms and, therefore, intrinsic and extrinsic factors may affect physiological and hematological values, affecting the interpretation of clinical information on these species. The aims of this study were to assess the hematological values of captive red-footed tortoises (Chelonoidis carbonaria) and to check their variation according to the cold and warmer seasons of the year.Materials, Methods &Results: Blood samples were collected from nine red-footed tortoises (C. carbonaria) of indeterminate sex and different ages, bred in captivity without control over environmental variables during one year, one each season (summer, fall, winter and spring). A total of 36 samples were considered to study. The colder seasons were collapsed together into one group that holds winter and fall (colds) and the months whit warmer weather spring and summer were grouped as a class called (warm). The complete blood count was performed manually, and medians, maximum values, and minimum value

Hematologic Variation Values of Captive Red-footed Tortoise (Chelonoidis carbonaria) in South Brazil

Background: Reference hematological values for chelonians are uncommon, especially those that take account of seasonal variations. While there exists controversy over how climate influences hematological values in different reptile species, the identification of this influence would help with the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of diseases that affect these species, often kept as pets. Chelonians are ectotherms and, therefore, intrinsic and extrinsic factors may affect physiological and hematological values, affecting the interpretation of clinical information on these species. The aims of this study were to assess the hematological values of captive red-footed tortoises (Chelonoidis carbonaria) and to check their variation according to the cold and warmer seasons of the year.Materials, Methods &Results: Blood samples were collected from nine red-footed tortoises (C. carbonaria) of indeterminate sex and different ages, bred in captivity without control over environmental variables during one year, one each season (summer, fall, winter and spring). A total of 36 samples were considered to study. The colder seasons were collapsed together into one group that holds winter and fall (colds) and the months whit warmer weather spring and summer were grouped as a class called (warm). The complete blood count was performed manually, and medians, maximum values, and minimum value

Hematologic Variation Values of Captive Red-footed Tortoise (Chelonoidis carbonaria) in South Brazil

Background: Reference hematological values for chelonians are uncommon, especially those that take account of seasonal variations. While there exists controversy over how climate influences hematological values in different reptile species, the identification of this influence would help with the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of diseases that affect these species, often kept as pets. Chelonians are ectotherms and, therefore, intrinsic and extrinsic factors may affect physiological and hematological values, affecting the interpretation of clinical information on these species. The aims of this study were to assess the hematological values of captive red-footed tortoises (Chelonoidis carbonaria) and to check their variation according to the cold and warmer seasons of the year.Materials, Methods &Results: Blood samples were collected from nine red-footed tortoises (C. carbonaria) of indeterminate sex and different ages, bred in captivity without control over environmental variables during one year, one each season (summer, fall, winter and spring). A total of 36 samples were considered to study. The colder seasons were collapsed together into one group that holds winter and fall (colds) and the months whit warmer weather spring and summer were grouped as a class called (warm). The complete blood count was performed manually, and medians, maximum values, and minimum value

Hematologic Variation Values of Captive Red-footed Tortoise (Chelonoidis carbonaria) in South Brazil

Background: Reference hematological values for chelonians are uncommon, especially those that take account of seasonal variations. While there exists controversy over how climate influences hematological values in different reptile species, the identification of this influence would help with the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of diseases that affect these species, often kept as pets. Chelonians are ectotherms and, therefore, intrinsic and extrinsic factors may affect physiological and hematological values, affecting the interpretation of clinical information on these species. The aims of this study were to assess the hematological values of captive red-footed tortoises (Chelonoidis carbonaria) and to check their variation according to the cold and warmer seasons of the year.Materials, Methods &Results: Blood samples were collected from nine red-footed tortoises (C. carbonaria) of indeterminate sex and different ages, bred in captivity without control over environmental variables during one year, one each season (summer, fall, winter and spring). A total of 36 samples were considered to study. The colder seasons were collapsed together into one group that holds winter and fall (colds) and the months whit warmer weather spring and summer were grouped as a class called (warm). The complete blood count was performed manually, and medians, maximum values, and minimum value

Hematologic variation values of captive red-footed tortoise (Chelonoidis carbonaria) in South Brazil

Background: Reference hematological values for chelonians are uncommon, especially those that take account of seasonal variations. While there exists controversy over how climate influences hematological values in different reptile species, the identification of this influence would help with the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of diseases that affect these species, often kept as pets. Chelonians are ectotherms and, therefore, intrinsic and extrinsic factors may affect physiological and hematological values, affecting the interpretation of clinical information on these species. The aims of this study were to assess the hematological values of captive red-footed tortoises (Chelonoidis carbonaria) and to check their variation according to the cold and warmer seasons of the year. Materials, Methods &Results: Blood samples were collected from nine red-footed tortoises (C. carbonaria) of indeterminate sex and different ages, bred in captivity without control over environmental variables during one year, one each season (summer, fall, winter and spring). A total of 36 samples were considered to study. The colder seasons were collapsed together into one group that holds winter and fall (colds) and the months whit warmer weather spring and summer were grouped as a class called (warm). The complete blood count was performed manually, and medians, maximum values, and minimum [...](AU)

Hematologic variation values of captive red-footed tortoise (Chelonoidis carbonaria) in South Brazil

Background: Reference hematological values for chelonians are uncommon, especially those that take account of seasonal variations. While there exists controversy over how climate influences hematological values in different reptile species, the identification of this influence would help with the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of diseases that affect these species, often kept as pets. Chelonians are ectotherms and, therefore, intrinsic and extrinsic factors may affect physiological and hematological values, affecting the interpretation of clinical information on these species. The aims of this study were to assess the hematological values of captive red-footed tortoises (Chelonoidis carbonaria) and to check their variation according to the cold and warmer seasons of the year. Materials, Methods &Results: Blood samples were collected from nine red-footed tortoises (C. carbonaria) of indeterminate sex and different ages, bred in captivity without control over environmental variables during one year, one each season (summer, fall, winter and spring). A total of 36 samples were considered to study. The colder seasons were collapsed together into one group that holds winter and fall (colds) and the months whit warmer weather spring and summer were grouped as a class called (warm). The complete blood count was performed manually, and medians, maximum values, and minimum [...]

Hematologic Variation Values of Captive Red-footed Tortoise (Chelonoidis carbonaria) in South Brazil

Background: Reference hematological values for chelonians are uncommon, especially those that take account of seasonal variations. While there exists controversy over how climate influences hematological values in different reptile species, the identification of this influence would help with the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of diseases that affect these species, often kept as pets. Chelonians are ectotherms and, therefore, intrinsic and extrinsic factors may affect physiological and hematological values, affecting the interpretation of clinical information on these species. The aims of this study were to assess the hematological values of captive red-footed tortoises (Chelonoidis carbonaria) and to check their variation according to the cold and warmer seasons of the year.Materials, Methods &Results: Blood samples were collected from nine red-footed tortoises (C. carbonaria) of indeterminate sex and different ages, bred in captivity without control over environmental variables during one year, one each season (summer, fall, winter and spring). A total of 36 samples were considered to study. The colder seasons were collapsed together into one group that holds winter and fall (colds) and the months whit warmer weather spring and summer were grouped as a class called (warm). The complete blood count was performed manually, and medians, maximum values, and minimum value

La comprensión de los cambios hematológicos a un signo clinico de piometra: estudio de un caso / Understanding hematologic changes in a pyometra frame: study of a case report / Entendendo as alterações hematológicas em um quadro de piometra: estudo de um relato de caso

La presencia de cambios tóxicos en los neutrófilos indica neutropoiese aceleración y se asocia con inflamación severa y bacteriana. El leucograma raramente proporciona informaciones de caráter patognomónico antecedentes de una enfermedad, sin embargo, se sabe que la información en este análisis proporciona subvenciones que ayudan al médico a hacer un diagnóstico. En este sentido, el objetivo de este informe es describir y analizar los cambios hematológicos en uno de los marcos de las más altas tasas de morbilidad y mortalidad en la clínica veterinaria de rutina, caso de piometra , destacando los cambios morfológicos que pueden conducir a la terapia y el pronóstico paciente.(AU)

The presence of toxic changes in neutrophils indicates acceleration neutropoiese and is associated with severe inflammation and bacterial. The WBC rarely pathognomonic provide background information of an illness, however, it is known that the information in this analysis provide subsidies that help the clinician in making a diagnosis. In this sense, the objective of this report was to describe and discuss the hematological changes in one of the frames of the highest rates of morbidity and mortality in routine veterinary clinic, pyometra framework, highlighting the WBC morphological changes that can lead to therapy and prognosis patient.(AU)

A presença de alterações tóxicas em neutrófilos indica aceleração da neutropoiese e está associada a intensos processos inflamatórios e bacterianos. O leucograma raramente fornecerá informações de caráter patognomônico de uma enfermidade, no entanto, sabe-se que as informações contidas nessa análise fornecem subsídios ao clínico que auxiliam na elaboração de diagnóstico. Nesse sentido, o objetivo do presente relato foi descrever e discutir as alterações hematológicas em um dos quadros de maiores índices de morbidade e mortalidade na rotina da clínica veterinária, o quadro de piometra, destacando as alterações morfológicas leucocitárias que podem conduzir a terapêutica e o prognóstico do paciente.(AU)

La comprensión de los cambios hematológicos a un signo clinico de piometra: estudio de un caso / Understanding hematologic changes in a pyometra frame: study of a case report / Entendendo as alterações hematológicas em um quadro de piometra: estudo de um relato de caso

La presencia de cambios tóxicos en los neutrófilos indica neutropoiese aceleración y se asocia con inflamación severa y bacteriana. El leucograma raramente proporciona informaciones de caráter patognomónico antecedentes de una enfermedad, sin embargo, se sabe que la información en este análisis proporciona subvenciones que ayudan al médico a hacer un diagnóstico. En este sentido, el objetivo de este informe es describir y analizar los cambios hematológicos en uno de los marcos de las más altas tasas de morbilidad y mortalidad en la clínica veterinaria de rutina, caso de piometra , destacando los cambios morfológicos que pueden conducir a la terapia y el pronóstico paciente.

The presence of toxic changes in neutrophils indicates acceleration neutropoiese and is associated with severe inflammation and bacterial. The WBC rarely pathognomonic provide background information of an illness, however, it is known that the information in this analysis provide subsidies that help the clinician in making a diagnosis. In this sense, the objective of this report was to describe and discuss the hematological changes in one of the frames of the highest rates of morbidity and mortality in routine veterinary clinic, pyometra framework, highlighting the WBC morphological changes that can lead to therapy and prognosis patient.

A presença de alterações tóxicas em neutrófilos indica aceleração da neutropoiese e está associada a intensos processos inflamatórios e bacterianos. O leucograma raramente fornecerá informações de caráter patognomônico de uma enfermidade, no entanto, sabe-se que as informações contidas nessa análise fornecem subsídios ao clínico que auxiliam na elaboração de diagnóstico. Nesse sentido, o objetivo do presente relato foi descrever e discutir as alterações hematológicas em um dos quadros de maiores índices de morbidade e mortalidade na rotina da clínica veterinária, o quadro de piometra, destacando as alterações morfológicas leucocitárias que podem conduzir a terapêutica e o prognóstico do paciente.

Kikuchi disease in Connecticut.

Kikuchi disease is a self-limited disorder of unknown etiology characterized by focal painful lymphadenitis, fever, and weight loss that can be mistaken for malignancy. Diagnosis is established by node biopsy. Kikuchi disease is endemic in Asia; 10 cases have been reported in the US to date. We report 3 cases and review other US cases.

Experimental infection of commercial layers using a Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum strain: Leukogram and serum acute-phase protein concentrations

The aim of the present study was to evaluate white blood cell counts and serum protein profiles of commercial layers experimentally infected with Salmonella Gallinarum (SG) in order to better understand the pathophysiology of the disease caused by this bacterium. 180 five-day-old commercial layers were divided into 3 groups (G); G1 and G2 received 0.2 mL of inoculate containing 3.3x10(8) CFU or 3.3x10(5) CFU SG resistant to nalidix acid (Nal r)/mL, respectively, directly into their crops. G3 group did not receive the inoculum. Birds were sacrificed 24 hours before (T1) and 24 hours after the infection (T2), and three (T3), five (T4), seven (T5), and ten (T6) days after the administration of the inoculum. White blood cell counts were carried out in a Neubauer hemocytometer and in blood smears. Serum protein concentrations, including acute-phase proteins, were determined using sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Data were submitted to analysis of variance, and means were compared by Tukey's test (P 0.05). G1 and G2 groups presented higher leukocyte counts on T4 and T5, respectively, due to the increase of circulating lymphocytes and heterophils, with a significant difference relative to G3. In electrophoresis, an increase in the serum levels of ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin, and hemopexin and a decrease in transferrin, which are acute-phase proteins, was verified. IgA serum levels did not change; however, IgG concentration increased during the infection. In conclusion, the results provide information for the better understanding of the pathophysiology of fowl typhoid.

Experimental infection of commercial layers using a Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum strain: Leukogram and serum acute-phase protein concentrations

The aim of the present study was to evaluate white blood cell counts and serum protein profiles of commercial layers experimentally infected with Salmonella Gallinarum (SG) in order to better understand the pathophysiology of the disease caused by this bacterium. 180 five-day-old commercial layers were divided into 3 groups (G); G1 and G2 received 0.2 mL of inoculate containing 3.3x10(8) CFU or 3.3x10(5) CFU SG resistant to nalidix acid (Nal r)/mL, respectively, directly into their crops. G3 group did not receive the inoculum. Birds were sacrificed 24 hours before (T1) and 24 hours after the infection (T2), and three (T3), five (T4), seven (T5), and ten (T6) days after the administration of the inoculum. White blood cell counts were carried out in a Neubauer hemocytometer and in blood smears. Serum protein concentrations, including acute-phase proteins, were determined using sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Data were submitted to analysis of variance, and means were compared by Tukey's test (P 0.05). G1 and G2 groups presented higher leukocyte counts on T4 and T5, respectively, due to the increase of circulating lymphocytes and heterophils, with a significant difference relative to G3. In electrophoresis, an increase in the serum levels of ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin, and hemopexin and a decrease in transferrin, which are acute-phase proteins, was verified. IgA serum levels did not change; however, IgG concentration increased during the infection. In conclusion, the results provide information for the better understanding of the pathophysiology of fowl typhoid.

Puntuación diagnóstica de apendicitis aguda en niños realizada por pediatras de las Unidades de Emergencia / Diagnostic score for appendicitis in children by Emergency Unit paediatricians

Background: Diagnostic scores are systematic methods that evaluate patients with suspected appendicitis. These scores help to structure the clinical evaluation, in order to reach an accurate and early diagnosis. Objective: Evaluate and validate a diagnostic score for appendicitis in paediatric patients. Method: Prospective study of 121 patients, ages 5 to 14 years-old, with suspected appendicitis, from October to December 2005. A previously published diagnostic score was modified, replacing the neutrophil differential count for C - reactive protein. The cut-off value in the score considered for surgery in any patient was established at 7 points. Results: All non-surgical patients scored 0 to 6 points, while most of the patients submitted to surgery had 9 and 10 points. The score demonstrated high sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy. Conclusions: This score will be useful for an organized evaluation of paediatric patients with suspected appendicitis; however, it should not replace the surgeon clinical judgement.

Introducción: Las puntuaciones diagnósticas constituyen métodos sistemáticos para evaluar pacientes con sospecha de apendicitis, ayudan a ordenar el cuadro clínico y buscan los elementos que lo componen para llegar al diagnóstico acertado y oportuno. Objetivo: Evaluación y validación de una puntuación diagnóstica para apendicitis en pacientes pediátricos. Métodos: Entre octubre y diciembre 2005 se estudiaron prospectivamente 121 pacientes consecutivos con un rango de edad entre 5 y 14 años, en quienes se evaluó la sospecha de apendicitis. Modificamos una puntuación previamente publicada, eliminando la variable del recuento diferencial de neutrofilos y reemplazándola por los niveles de proteína c reactiva. El punto de corte para considerar cirugía en un paciente fue establecido en 7 puntos. Resultados: Todos los pacientes no operados obtuvieron puntajes entre 0y6 puntos. La mayoría de los pacientes operados obtuvieron puntajes entre 9 y 10 puntos. La puntuación demostró una elevada sensibilidad, especificidad y exactitud diagnóstica. Conclusiones: La aplicación y utilidad de la puntuación diagnóstica de apendicitis en niños se encuentra en la evaluación estructurada de los pacientes con sospecha de apendicitis pero no debe reemplazar el juicio clínico del examinador.