[Surveillance of soil-borne nematodiasis in Yancheng City from 2016 to 2020].

OBJECTIVE: To understand the prevalence of soil-transmitted nematode infections in Yancheng City from 2016 to 2020, so as to provide insights into the development of the scheme for further soil-transmitted nematodiasis surveillance. METHODS: Soil-borne nematode infections were detected using the modified Kato-Katz method (two slides for one sample) among the permanent residents living in Yancheng City from 2016 to 2020, and Enterobius vermicularis infection was additionally detected among children at ages of 12 years and lower using the adhesive cellophane-tape perianal swab method. The prevalence and intensity of human soil-borne nematode and E. vermicularis infections were descriptively analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 51 259 person-time residents were detected for soil-borne nematode infections in Yancheng City from 2016 to 2020, and 48 egg-positives were identified, with a 0.09% prevalence. The soil-borne nematodes infecting residents included Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm and Trichuris trichiura, with 0.04%, 0.05% and 0.002% prevalence rates of infections, and all infections were mild. There was a region-specific prevalence of soil-borne nematode infections in Yancheng City (χ2 = 18.21, P = 0.02), with the highest prevalence seen in Funing County (0.21%), while no infections were detected in Dafeng District for five successive years. The overall prevalence of E. vermicularis infections was 0.22% among children at ages of 12 years and lower in Yancheng City. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of soil-borne nematode infections appears a gradual decline in residents living in Yancheng City from 2016 to 2020, and is at an extremely low level. Further surveillance of soil-transmitted nematodiasis requires to be intensified targeting key regions and populations to consolidate the control achievements.

Spatiotemporal variations and risk assessment of ambient air O3, PM10 and PM2.5 in a coastal city of China.

Rapid industrialization and urbanization has created significant air pollution problems that have recently begin to impact the lives and health of human beings in China. This study systematically investigated the spatiotemporal variations and the associated health risks of ambient O3, PM10 and PM2.5 between 2016 and 2019. The relationships between the target air pollutants and meteorological conditions were further analyzed using the Spearman rank correlation coefficient method. The results demonstrated that the annual mean concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 experienced a decreasing trend overall, and PM2.5 significantly decreased from 1.54 µg/m3 in 2016 to 1.48 µg/m3 in 2019. In contrast, the annual mean concentrations of O3 were nearly constant during the study period with a slight increasing trend. The pollutants exhibited different seasonal variations and cyclical diurnal variations. The most highest O3 pollution was seen in spring and summer, while spring and winter were the seasons with the most PM10 and PM2.5 pollution. The highest concentrations of O3 appeared in periods of strong solar radiation intensity and photochemical reactions. The highest concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 appeared at commuting time. The pollutant concentrations were significantly affected by meteorological conditions. Finally, the non-carcinogenic risks from exposure to O3, PM10 and PM2.5 were at an acceptable level (HI < 0.96) and O3 accounted for ~50% of the total non-carcinogenic risks. However, PM2.5 posed highly carcinogenic risks (2.5 × 10-4 < CR < 1.6 × 10-1) and O3 exposure showed high potential ecological impacts on vegetation (AOT40: 23.3 ppm-h; W126: 29.0 ppm-h).

Surveillance of soil-borne nematodiasis in Yancheng City from 2016 to 2020 / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To understand the prevalence of soil-transmitted nematode infections in Yancheng City from 2016 to 2020, so as to provide insights into the development of the scheme for further soil-transmitted nematodiasis surveillance. Methods Soil-borne nematode infections were detected using the modified Kato-Katz method (two slides for one sample) among the permanent residents living in Yancheng City from 2016 to 2020, and Enterobius vermicularis infection was additionally detected among children at ages of 12 years and lower using the adhesive cellophane-tape perianal swab method. The prevalence and intensity of human soil-borne nematode and E. vermicularis infections were descriptively analyzed. Results A total of 51 259 person-time residents were detected for soil-borne nematode infections in Yancheng City from 2016 to 2020, and 48 egg-positives were identified, with a 0.09% prevalence. The soil-borne nematodes infecting residents included Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm and Trichuris trichiura, with 0.04%, 0.05% and 0.002% prevalence rates of infections, and all infections were mild. There was a region-specific prevalence of soil-borne nematode infections in Yancheng City (χ2 = 18.21, P = 0.02), with the highest prevalence seen in Funing County (0.21%), while no infections were detected in Dafeng District for five successive years. The overall prevalence of E. vermicularis infections was 0.22% among children at ages of 12 years and lower in Yancheng City. Conclusions The prevalence of soil-borne nematode infections appears a gradual decline in residents living in Yancheng City from 2016 to 2020, and is at an extremely low level. Further surveillance of soil-transmitted nematodiasis requires to be intensified targeting key regions and populations to consolidate the control achievements.

[Epidemiological analysis of imported malaria in Yancheng City from 2011 to 2015].

OBJECTIVE: To understand the epidemiological trend of imported malaria and its monitoring and control effect in Yancheng City from 2011 to 2015, so as to provide the evidence for adjusting the prevention and control strategy. METHODS: The data of malaria surveillance, epidemic, prevention and control were collected and analyzed in the districts and counties of Yancheng City from 2011 to 2015. RESULTS: From 2011 to 2015, there were 104 imported malaria cases reported, and the most cases (52 cases, 50%) were reported from Jianhu County. Most of the cases were males (only 2 females), the average age was 38.8 years, and the occupation was mainly labor service worker abroad (94 cases, 97%). The infection source of these cases mainly came from Africa. From 2011 to 2015, 151 980 fever patients received malaria blood tests, and the positive rate was 0.07%. Falciparum malaria cases were the most (90 cases, 86.5%). The confirmed diagnostic rate of malaria within 24 hours increased year by year. All the 104 patients received the standardized treatment. CONCLUSIONS: There are no local malaria cases in Yancheng City from 2011 to 2015, and in the next stage, the monitoring and prevention should be focused on imported malaria, including shortening the confirmed diagnostic time and improving the diagnostic efficiency.

Epidemiological analysis of imported malaria in Yancheng City from 2011 to 2015 / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To understand the epidemiological trend of imported malaria and its monitoring and control effect in Yancheng City from 2011 to 2015,so as to provide the evidence for adjusting the prevention and control strategy. Methods The data of malaria surveillance,epidemic,prevention and control were collected and analyzed in the districts and counties of Yancheng City from 2011 to 2015. Results From 2011 to 2015,there were 104 imported malaria cases reported,and the most cases(52 cases,50％)were reported from Jianhu County. Most of the cases were males(only 2 females),the average age was 38.8 years,and the occupation was mainly labor service worker abroad(94 cases,97％). The infection source of these cases mainly came from Africa. From 2011 to 2015,151980 fever patients received malaria blood tests,and the positive rate was 0.07％. Falciparum malaria cases were the most(90 cases,86.5％). The confirmed diagnostic rate of malaria within 24 hours in-creased year by year. All the 104 patients received the standardized treatment. Conclusion There are no local malaria cases in Yancheng City from 2011 to2015,and in the next stage,the monitoring and prevention should be focused on imported malaria, including shortening the confirmed diagnostic time and improving the diagnostic efficiency.

[Analysis of human intestinal helminth infections in Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province from 2006 to 2015].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the epidemiological trend of human intestinal helminth infections in Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province from 2006 to 2015, so as to provide the evidence for formulating further control strategies. METHODS: The surveillance data of human intestinal helminth infections were collected and analyzed in Yancheng City from 2006 to 2015. RESULTS: From 2006 to 2015, 110 746 person-times of residents in Yancheng City were surveyed in Yancheng City, and 1 732 samples were positive of human intestinal helminth infections. The infection rate of human intestinal helminthes was highest in 2006 [4.59% (410/8 941)], and lowest in 2013 [0.19% (23/12 165)]. The infection rate of human intestinal helminthes was significantly decreased over time (χ2 = 27.78, P < 0.001). The human infection rates of Ascaris lumbricoides, hook worm and Trichuris trichura were all decreased over time (Z = -27.75, -22.23 and -16.17, all P < 0.001) from 2006 to 2015, with the reduction rates of 96.57%, 92.31% and 96.47%, respectively. The average EPG of A. lumbricoides, hook worm and T. trichura were 2 534, 360 and 154 respectively, and 1 694 (97.81%) cases were light infections. Totally 1 174 cases of Enterobius vermicularis were found in children under 12 years old, and the cases were decreased over time (χ2 = 12.46, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The infection rate of human intestinal helminthes in Yancheng City decreases over time from 2006 to 2015, and the control work is effective. The control work of focus groups and environmental management and health education should be strengthened in the future.

Analysis of human intestinal helminth infections in Yancheng City,Jiangsu Province from 2006 to 2015 / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To investigate the epidemiological trend of human intestinal helminth infections in Yancheng City,Ji?angsu Province from 2006 to 2015,so as to provide the evidence for formulating further control strategies. Methods The sur?veillance data of human intestinal helminth infections were collected and analyzed in Yancheng City from 2006 to 2015. Re?sults From 2006 to 2015,110 746 person?times of residents in Yancheng City were surveyed in Yancheng City,and 1 732 samples were positive of human intestinal helminth infections. The infection rate of human intestinal helminthes was highest in 2006[4.59%(410/8 941)],and lowest in 2013[0.19%(23/12 165)]. The infection rate of human intestinal helminthes was significantly decreased over time(χ2=27.78,P<0.001). The human infection rates of Ascaris lumbricoides,hook worm and Trichuris trichura were all decreased over time(Z=-27.75,-22.23 and-16.17,all P<0.001)from 2006 to 2015,with the re?duction rates of 96.57%,92.31%and 96.47%,respectively. The average EPG of A. lumbricoides,hook worm and T. trichura were 2 534,360 and 154 respectively,and 1 694(97.81%)cases were light infections. Totally 1 174 cases of Enterobius vermic?ularis were found in children under 12 years old,and the cases were decreased over time(χ2 =12.46,P<0.001). Conclu?sions The infection rate of human intestinal helminthes in Yancheng City decreases over time from 2006 to 2015,and the con?trol work is effective. The control work of focus groups and environmental management and health education should be strength?ened in the future.