On the uptake of cationic liposomes by cells: From changes in elasticity to internalization.

In this study, we assessed the capacity of a previously reported engineered liposomal formulation, which had been tested against model membranes mimicking the lipid composition of the HeLa plasma membrane, to fuse and function as a nanocarrier in cells. We used atomic force microscopy to observe physicochemical changes on the cell surface and confocal microscopy to determine how the liposomes interact with cell membranes and released their load. In addition, we performed viability assays using methotrexate as an active drug to obtain proof of concept of the formulation´s capacity to function as a drug delivery-system. The interaction of engineered liposomes with living cells corroborates the information obtained using model membranes and supports the capacity of the engineered liposomal formulation to serve as a potential nanocarrier.

Is oral microbiota associated with overweight and obesity in children and adolescents? A systematic review.

This article aims to verify the relationship between the composition and diversity of oral microbiota with overweight and obese children and adolescents. This systematic review was registered in PROSPERO, followed PRISMA 2020, and included an electronic search until March 2022, in PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, and The Cochrane Library databases. Studies were eligible if they compared the oral microbiota according to nutrition status among children and adolescents. Independent peers using JBI Critical Appraisal Checklists assessed the quality of studies. Eleven studies were eligible to be included in this review, with a total of 1,695 children and adolescents, 224 were obese, 190 were overweight, 1,154 were eutrophics and 127 were underweight. The most frequent phyla in overweight and obese children and adolescents, in comparison to their counterparts were Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Fusobacteria. It was identified that nine of the eleven articles selected showed an association between oral microbiota and overweight and obesity in children and adolescents. We observed that there is an important association between oral bacterial composition diversity and overweight and obesity. This finding indicates the relevance of the evaluation and surveillance in oral health to control cases of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents.

Aproximación al estudio de los significados y sentidos del trabajo en jóvenes / Approach to the study of meanings and meanings of work in young people

Resumen Este artículo buscó analizar la forma en que las publicaciones especializadas abordan estudios y cuáles son las temáticas asociadas al estudio de los significados y sentidos del trabajo en jóvenes. Se realizo una revision sistemática desde el ano 2000 hasta 2018. Para identificar las características generales de la producción se usó la estadística descriptiva y el análisis temático. La búsqueda arrojó que la producción científica sobre el tema ha aumentado, priman artículos sobre modalidades de trabajo, las primeras experiencias laborales, la identidad, inserción laboral, educación, capacidades mentales, perfiles laboralesy la búsqueda de empleo. Los cambios en el mundo del trabajo generan la necesidad de estudiar los significados y sentidos sobre esta actividad en jóvenes.

Abstract The article sought to analyze the way in which specialized publications address studies, and what are the themes associated with the study of the meanings and senses of work in young people. A systematic review was carried out from 2000 to 20i8. To identify the general characteristics of the production, descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were used. The search showed that scientific production on the subject has increased, articles on work modalities, first work experiences, identity, job placement, education, mental abilities, job profiles, and job search prevail. Changes in the world of work generate the need to study the meanings and senses about this activity in young people.

[Shear wave elastography guided targeted biopsy in the diagnosis of prostate cancer].

OBJECTIVE: to compare the effectiveness of targeted biopsy guided by the shear wave elastography (SWE) and systematic biopsy in the diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 164 patients with suspected PCa were examined. Multiparametric TRUS, including SWE, was performed to all patients with the use of the Aixplorer ultrasound system (Supersonic Imagine, France), followed by TRUS guided 12-samples systematic prostate biopsy in combination with targeted biopsy from hypoechoic and/or stiff areas according to SWE data. Comparison of the results of histological examination and tissue stiffness measurements were carried out according to the specimens and patients. A total of 2 171 biopsy samples were analyzed (1 968 systematic and 203 targeted). After morphological evaluation all specimens were divided into groups of PCa+ (n=441) and PCa- (n=1 730), and patients to the group of PCa (n=74) and the control group (n=90). RESULTS: PCa was found in 17.3% of systematic biopsy specimens and in 76.9% of SWE targeted biopsy specimens (P<0.0001). The significant moderate positive correlations of Youngs modulus and Gleason scores (rS=0.51, P<0.0001), Youngs modulus and% specimen involvement (rS=0.59, P<0.0001) were founded in the group of PCa+ biopsy specimens. The percentage of PCa+ specimens was significantly higher with any types of targeted biopsy, than with systematic biopsy. With SWE targeted biopsy the percentage of PCa+ specimens was significantly higher than with B-mode guided targeted biopsy. Similar regularities were observed when comparing these types of targeted biopsy according to morphological prognostic ISUP groups and perineural invasion. Performing of targeted biopsy increased the morphological prognostic group in 5.4% of patients, additionally revealed perineural invasion in 2.7% of patients with PCa, and transferred additional 9.5% of patients from the group of clinically insignificant to the group of clinically significant PCa. CONCLUSION: SWE-guided targeted biopsy shows the significantly higher positive biopsy rate than conventional systematic biopsy. The use of SWE-guided targeted biopsy in addition to systematic biopsy can increase clinically significant PCa detection rate and improve the detection of perineural invasion.

Precision medicine in age-specific non-small-cell-lung-cancer patients: Integrating biomolecular results into clinical practice-A new approach to improve personalized translational research.

OBJECTIVES: Non-small-cell-lung-cancer (NSCLC) in young adults (≤45 years-old) accounts for a very small proportion, as this disease usually occurs in people at older age. The youthful NSCLC may constitute an entity with different clinical-pathologic characteristics, having predominance of adenocarcinoma histology and affecting mostly non-smoker subjects. However, without specific guidelines, it is currently considered, both clinically and biologically, as the same disease of the older counterpart, although differences have been documented. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using formalin-fixed paraffin embedded diagnostic tissues (FFPE), targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology allowed to provide insight the mutational pattern of 46 oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes in 26 young patients (Y). Two additional populations, including a FFPE series of aged counterpart (A: 29 patients) and a group of healthy young controls (C: 21, blood provided), were also investigated to compare NGS profiles. RESULTS: Clinical features of enrolled young patients harmonized with literature data, being most of patients women (58%), never-smokers (38%) and with adenocarcinoma histology (96%). C group was adopted to filter all the non-synonymous genetic variations (NS-GVs) not-associated with malignant overt disease. This skimmed selection mostly highlighted three genes: TP53, EGFR and KRAS. TP53 NS-GVs were numerically more numerous in younger, many involving specific annotated hotspot (R248, R273, G245, R249 and R282); the majority of EGFR NS-GVs was detected in young patients, with higher allelic frequency and mostly represented by exon 19 deletions. On the contrary, KRAS NS-GVs were mainly detected in aged population, with a prevalent compact pattern involving p.G12 position and associated with adenocarcinoma histology. CONCLUSION: This retrospective study confirmed the feasibility of NGS approach for genetic characterization of NSCLC young adult patients, supporting the involvement of TP53, EGFR, and KRAS alterations in the early onset of NSCLC. Some of these GVs, or their pattern, may potentially contribute to customized targeted therapies.

Adopción y uso de medios sociales por jóvenes de la costa caribe de Colombia

El estudio identifica el grado de adopción de los medios sociales por parte de los jóvenes de la Costa Caribe de Colombia, los medios a los que acceden con mayor frecuencia, así como los usos principales que hacen de ellos. Mediante un análisis cuantitativo de tipo correlacional, se analizaron las respuestas de 502 jóvenes entre los 16 a 28 años pertenecientes al Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje en la Costa Caribe. Los resultados mostraron que el grado de adopción de los principales medios sociales es de 68 %, donde los usados con mayor frecuencia son Facebook (69.4 %), Google+ (57.6 %), Instagram (45.6 %) y Twitter (42.6 %). Los datos también revelan que el uso principal que los usuarios hacen de los medios sociales es obtener información de noticias, seguido de conectarse con amigos, conectarse con familiares y encontrar música y videos. De acuerdo con la revisión de literatura, el estudio es el primero realizado en Colombia con una data obtenida de jóvenes de estratos 1 y 2 que tienen acceso frecuente a internet, lo cual contribuye a conocer la importancia que tienen los medios sociales para este grupo y a identificar las utilidades comunicacionales e informativas que brinda cada medio. Asimismo, se discuten las implicaciones prácticas del estudio.

This paper describes the rate of adoption, frequency and uses of Social Media by young people in the Caribbean Region of Colombia. We report a cross-sectional survey of502 youngsters (16 to 28 years) enrolled to the National Learning Service or Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje (SENA). Findings show that the average adoption rate of Social Media was 68 %, being the most frequently used Facebook (69.4 %), Google+ (57.6 %), Instagram (45.6 %) and Twitter (42.6 %). Data revealed that the main uses of Social Media by young Colombians were to read news stories, followed by connecting with friends and relatives, and finding music and videos. This is the first study in Colombia with youngsters belonging to low-income families but with frequent access to Internet, which contributes to understand the importance of Social Media in this vulnerable group. Our findings might also help to identify useful possibilities of new media for young people. Finally, we discuss practical implications of the results.

Representações sociais de lazer e de tempo livre: vivências e sociabilidades de jovens universitárias / Social representations of leisure and free time: experiences and sociability of university young girls

A pesquisa teve como objetivo conhecer as Representações Sociais (RS) de lazer e de tempo livre compartilhadas por jovens do sexo feminino, estudantes da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, com idades entre 17 e 26 anos. A investigação foi realizada a partir de duas questões de livre associação de palavras, respondidas por 111 alunas, e dois grupos focais, realizados com outras sete participantes. As análises dos dados tiveram como embasamento a Teoria das Representações Sociais, conforme proposta por Serge Moscovici, e a Teoria do Núcleo Central, descrita por Jean-Claude Abric. Como resultados, constatou-se que as RS de lazer para as jovens investigadas estão principalmente associadas às sensações resultantes de sua prática e que o tempo livre é essencialmente compreendido como um momento de descanso compensatório. Observou-se também que as representações referentes aos dois fenômenos encontram-se igualmente embasadas nos valores da sociedade ocidental contemporânea, os quais reconhecem a valorização do trabalho e do estudo em detrimento das vivências de lazer no tempo livre. (AU)

The research's objective was understand the social representations of leisure and free time shared by young females students of Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo with varying age from 17 to 26. The investigation was conducted based on two free association questions, answered by 111 students, and two focus group, with other seven participants. The data analysis was based on the Theory of Social Representations, proposed by Serge Moscovici, and the Central Core Theory, described by Jean-Claude Abric. As a result we concluded that the leisure social representations is mainly associated to feelings resulting by its practice and that free time is essentially comprehended as compensatory relaxation moment. It was also observed that representations referent to the two phenomenon are equally based on the western contemporary occidental values, which tends to valorize work and study more than leisure on free time. (AU)

Jóvenes y adultos mayores en el ámbito de la Universidad, una experiencia de investigación y extensión / Young and older adults in the field of University research experience and extension

Este articulo describe una experiencia de investigación y extensión entre dos unidades académicas de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata: un proyecto gratuito de educación de adultos mayores en Barrios por fuera del casco urbano de la ciudad de La Plata (perteneciente a la Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación) y una cátedra de etnografía, que aborda la variabilidad sociocultural, incluidas organizaciones y conceptualizaciones sobre la edad (correspondiente a la Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo). Partiendo de la importancia de que los estudiantes universitarios se inicien en las prácticas profesionales, se propuso realizar una experiencia conjunta en la cual interactuasen adultos mayores y jóvenes. Entre sus objetivos consideramos: fomentar los vínculos entre Universidad y comunidad; sensibilizar, explorar y producir reflexiones sobre Etnografía y AM; caracterizar etnográficamente y describir a los adultos mayores del Programa Pepam en los Barrios. Dado el interés exploratorio, se emplearon las técnicas de la encuesta y la observación. Los estudiantes procesaron los datos recogidos en su trabajo de campo, los cuales fueron examinados a la luz de material bibliográfico analizado para el caso de otras sociedades en torno al envejecimiento y los compartieron con la comunidad estudiada y con interesados (docentes – directivos- familiares). La experiencia contribuyó a la formación de losfuturos egresados y produjo conocimiento significativo sobre los AM, su participación en el programa y otros aspectos de su vida. Además generó un espacio de diálogo entre la universidad y un sector cada vez más significativo en la demanda de exploración, y generación de políticas y respuestas a su particular situación.(AU)

This paper describes a research and extension experience between two academic units of the National University of La Plata: Free education project for seniors in neighborhoods outside the urban area of the city of La Plata (belonging to the Faculty of Humanities and Educational Sciences) and a chair of ethnography, which addresses cultural variability, including organizations and conceptualizations of age (corresponding to the Faculty of Natural Sciences and Museum). Based on the importance of college students start in professional practices, was proposed a joint experience in which older and younger adults interactuasen. Among its objectives consider: foster links between university and community awareness, explore and produce reflections on ethnography and AM; characterize and describe ethnographically seniors PEPAM Program in Barrios. Given the exploratory interest, we used survey techniques and observation. Students processed data collected in fieldwork, which were examined in the light of bibliographic material analyzed for the case of other companies around the aging and shared with the community studied and stakeholders (teachers - family - managers).The experience contributed to the training of future graduates and produced significant knowledge about the AM, their participation in the program and other aspects of your life. Also created a space for dialogue between the university and an increasingly more significant in the demand for exploration, and development of policies and answers to their particular situation.(AU)

Jóvenes y adultos mayores en el ámbito de la Universidad, una experiencia de investigación y extensión / Young and older adults in the field of University research experience and extension

Este articulo describe una experiencia de investigación y extensión entre dos unidades académicas de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata: un proyecto gratuito de educación de adultos mayores en Barrios por fuera del casco urbano de la ciudad de La Plata (perteneciente a la Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación) y una cátedra de etnografía, que aborda la variabilidad sociocultural, incluidas organizaciones y conceptualizaciones sobre la edad (correspondiente a la Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo). Partiendo de la importancia de que los estudiantes universitarios se inicien en las prácticas profesionales, se propuso realizar una experiencia conjunta en la cual interactuasen adultos mayores y jóvenes. Entre sus objetivos consideramos: fomentar los vínculos entre Universidad y comunidad; sensibilizar, explorar y producir reflexiones sobre Etnografía y AM; caracterizar etnográficamente y describir a los adultos mayores del Programa Pepam en los Barrios. Dado el interés exploratorio, se emplearon las técnicas de la encuesta y la observación. Los estudiantes procesaron los datos recogidos en su trabajo de campo, los cuales fueron examinados a la luz de material bibliográfico analizado para el caso de otras sociedades en torno al envejecimiento y los compartieron con la comunidad estudiada y con interesados (docentes – directivos- familiares). La experiencia contribuyó a la formación de losfuturos egresados y produjo conocimiento significativo sobre los AM, su participación en el programa y otros aspectos de su vida. Además generó un espacio de diálogo entre la universidad y un sector cada vez más significativo en la demanda de exploración, y generación de políticas y respuestas a su particular situación.

This paper describes a research and extension experience between two academic units of the National University of La Plata: Free education project for seniors in neighborhoods outside the urban area of the city of La Plata (belonging to the Faculty of Humanities and Educational Sciences) and a chair of ethnography, which addresses cultural variability, including organizations and conceptualizations of age (corresponding to the Faculty of Natural Sciences and Museum). Based on the importance of college students start in professional practices, was proposed a joint experience in which older and younger adults interactuasen. Among its objectives consider: foster links between university and community awareness, explore and produce reflections on ethnography and AM; characterize and describe ethnographically seniors PEPAM Program in Barrios. Given the exploratory interest, we used survey techniques and observation. Students processed data collected in fieldwork, which were examined in the light of bibliographic material analyzed for the case of other companies around the aging and shared with the community studied and stakeholders (teachers - family - managers).The experience contributed to the training of future graduates and produced significant knowledge about the AM, their participation in the program and other aspects of your life. Also created a space for dialogue between the university and an increasingly more significant in the demand for exploration, and development of policies and answers to their particular situation.

Diseño del cuestionario de creencias referidas al consumo de alcohol para jóvenes universitarios / Design of the alcohol consumption beliefs questionnaire for college students

El objetivo del presente estudio fue diseñar y validar el Cuestionario de creencias referidas al consumo de alcohol para jóvenes universitarios. La prueba se aplicó a una muestra de 240 jóvenes universitarios entre los 16 y los 25 años, en la ciudad de Bogotá. El diseño del Cuestionario se basó en el Modelo de Creencias e incluyó los componentes del mismo: percepción de riesgo/vulnerabilidad/severidad, barreras percibidas, beneficios percibidos, normas subjetivas y claves para la acción. Los resultados muestran que la prueba tiene un buen nivel de validez y confiabilidad. Se presenta una descripción general de los resultados obtenidos con la muestra final de jóvenes. Finalmente, se discute sobre las aplicaciones y alcances del Cuestionario, y la necesidad de ampliar la muestra con jóvenes de otras ciudades.

The purpose of present study was to design and validate of Alcohol Beliefs Questionnaire in adolescents universitaries; this instrument was applicated to the nonrandom sample was conformed by 240 young's between the 16 and the 25 years university students at Bogota city. The design of Questionnaire is based on the Health Belief Model and include theirs components: perceived risk and vulnerability, subjective norms, perceived barriers, perceived benefits and cues action. The results showed that the instrument has a good reliability and validity. Present description the results with sample include. Finally it is discussed the study limitations, for instance, althougth, it is recommended further applications of the instrument with other groups.

Consumo de alcohol en universitarios: relación funcional con los factores sociodemográficos, las expectativas y la ansiedad social / Alcohol consumption in university students: functional relationship with sociodemographic factors, expectations and social anxiety

The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the functional relationship between socio-demographic factors, social anxiety and positive attitudes towards alcohol, with the consumption of alcoholic beverages among engineering students in two private universities in Bogotá. A non-analytical, observational, descriptive, co relational study was used. The sample consisted of 618 students selected at randomly using a sampling system stratified by the type of engineering studied. They filled in an Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire (AEQ), the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory (SPAI), and surveys of socio-demographic data and details of their alcohol consumption. After a linear transformation by percentage points of the AEQ and the Chi2 tests, the correlation coefficient of the Spearman and Kruskal Wallis correlatives, as well as an estimate of the parameters with confidence intervals of 95%, it was found that engineering students, mainly male (82.7%; p<0.01), with an average age of 20.5 (± 2.57), and a consumption frequency between moderate (37.1%) and high (36.4%), with more than a third reporting an abusive level of alcohol consumption (more than 12 drinks on one single occasion), presented a low level of social anxiety (55.8±32.9 of a possible 192) and a medium level of positive expectations towards alcohol (43.5±22.2). While the most deeprooted expectations towards alcohol consumption were the facilitation of interaction, good verbal expression, the loss of inhibitions and psycho-physiological changes, the more minor ones were the expectation that alcohol increases sexuality, aggression and feelings of power. No link was found between consumption and the age group, the university, the type of engineering or the semester in which the student was in. It was concluded that among engineering students, the frequency and the amount of alcohol consumed significantly differs between men and women (higher frequency and consumed amount in men) and changes in relation to the level of positive expectations of alcohol and the level of social anxiety (this when related to consumed amount and not frequency of consumption).

El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la relación funcional entre los factores socio demográficos, la ansiedad social y las expectativas positivas hacia el alcohol, con el consumo de bebidas embriagantes en estudiantes universitarios de ingeniería de dos instituciones privadas de Bogotá. Se utilizó un diseño no analítico observacional descriptivo correlacional, la muestra estuvo conformada por 618 estudiantes, seleccionados aleatóriamente con un muestreo estratificado por tipo de ingeniería, quienes respondieron el Cuestionario de Expectativas hacia el Alcohol (AEQ), la escala de Ansiedad social del Inventario SPAI y un formato de datos sociodemográficos y de consumo de alcohol. Luego de una transformación lineal a puntajes porcentuales de las dimensiones del AEQ y con las pruebas de Chi2, coeficiente de correlación de Spearman y Kruskal Wallis, además de la estimación de parámetros con intervalos de confianza del 95%, se encontró que los universitarios de ingenierías, conformados mayoritariamente por hombres (82.7%; p<0.01), con un promedio de edad de 20.5 (±2.57) años y una frecuencia de consumo entre moderada (37,1%) y alta (36.4%) con más de la tercera parte reportando consumo abusivo (más de 12 copas/ocasión), presentaron en promedio un nivel bajo (55.8±32.9 sobre un total posible de 192), de ansiedad social y un nivel medio de expectativas positivas hacia el consumo de alcohol (43.5±22.2). Mientras que las expectativas del consumo más arraigadas fueron la Facilitación de la interacción, la Expresividad verbal, la Desinhibición y los Cambios psicofisiológicos, las de menor nivel fueron la expectativa de que el OH incremente la sexualidad, la agresividad y los sentimientos de poder. No se encontró asociación entre consumo con el grupo etareo, la institución, el tipo de ingeniería ni el semestre. Se concluyó que en los estudiantes de las ingenierías, la frecuencia e intensidad de consumo de alcohol cambia significativamente en función directa del sexo (mayor en los hombres), las expectativas positivas y la ansiedad social (esta aplica para la intensidad y no para la frecuencia).

A trojan horse goes to court: Bolger v. Youngs Drug Products Corp.

In Bolger v. Youngs Drug Products Corp., the Supreme Court held that a statute prohibiting the mailing of unsolicited advertisements for contraceptives was unconstitutional as applied to Young's advertisements for condoms. The decision rested on a balancing of the first amendment's grant of free speech with the Government's interest in safeguarding an individual's privacy. The Court noted that the advertisements promoted the flow of information on contraception, and pertained to constitutionally protected private activity. This Case Comment argues that the Court's decision is sound and criticizes the view of the concurring opinion that shielding individuals from potentially offensive speech is a substantial governmental interest. The Comment concludes that the Court's decision expands upon precedent which established an individual's right of privacy regarding the use of contraceptives.