ABSTRACT
Despite its limited exploration, Nymphaea mexicana Zucc. can be beneficial if pharmacology, isolation, and biological evaluation are given attention. It is an aquatic species that belongs to the family Nymphaeaceae. The thrust area of the work was the extraction, isolation, and biological evaluation of different extracts of the N. mexicana Zucc. plant. The primary goal of this research was to assess the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities of the extracts and to isolate the target naringenin compound. Comparative FT IR analysis of different extracts of this plant revealed the presence of functional groups of plant secondary metabolites, including polyphenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, esters, amines, glycosides, alkanes, alkaloids, fatty acids, and alcohols. Moderate free radical scavenging potential has been achieved for the various extracts via reducing power and DPPH assays. While cytotoxic activity was evaluated by colorimetric and lactate dehydrogenase cell viability tests on potent cancer cell lines. Lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cells (A-549), and breast cells (MC-7) were treated with MeOH extract. The antimicrobial activity against bacterial strains was evaluated using Gram-positive and -negative cultures, where maximum and minimum inhibition zones were recorded for different strains, including 1.6-25.6 µg/mL for Streptococcus aureus, using the agar well diffusion method. In addition, the anti-inflammatory activity of different extracts of N. mexicana Zucc. was evaluated in a nitrite radical scavenging assay with high concentrations of secondary metabolites, which are important against human pathogens and other diseases.
ABSTRACT
Abstract Gut bacterial β-glucuronidase (GUS) can reactivate xenobiotics that exert enterohepatic circulation- triggered gastrointestinal tract toxicity. GUS inhibitors can alleviate drug-induced enteropathy and improve treatment outcomes. We evaluated the inhibitory effect of Polygonum cuspidatum Siebold & Zucc. and its major constituents against Escherichia coli GUS (EcGUS), and characterized the inhibitory mechanism of each of the components. Trans-resveratrol 4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (HZ-1) and (-)-epicatechin gallate (HZ-2) isolated from P. cuspidatum were identified as the key components and potent inhibitors. These two components displayed strong to moderate inhibitory effects on EcGUS, with Ki values of 9.95 and 1.95 μM, respectively. Results from molecular docking indicated that HZ-1 and HZ-2 could interact with the key residues Asp163, Ser360, Ile 363, Glu413, Glu504, and Lys 568 of EcGUS via hydrogen bonding. Our findings demonstrate the inhibitory effect of P. cuspidatum and its two components on EcGUS, which supported the further evaluation and development of P. cuspidatum and its two active components as novel candidates for alleviating drug-induced damage in the mammalian gut.
ABSTRACT
In this study, an alternative extraction technique, ultrasound-assisted extraction, was used to extract the polyphenolic fraction from two different residues of the candelilla plant (Euphorbia antisyphilitica). These metabolites were further analyzed to evaluate their bioactivity as antioxidants. In addition, their functional groups were identified by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The antioxidant assays showed statistically significant differences between the phenolic extracts, with citric acid residues (CAR) exhibiting a higher oxidant effect than sulfuric acid residues (SAR). The CAR from San Jerónimo (SJ) cultivar showed decreased IC50 values (179.441 ± 7.92 µL mL-1, DPPHâ¢), and its polyphenolic fraction was able to inhibit lipid oxidation (70.31 ± 2.50%). FTIR analysis subsequently revealed the presence of functional groups related to polyphenolic compounds, such as hydroxy, carbonyl, carbon double bond, and amine groups. In addition, FTIR spectra showed slight differences in phenolic compounds, due to the strong acid treatment involved in the extraction of wax. The present study demonstrated that candelilla by-products from citric acid-wax extraction have a polyphenolic fraction with strong antioxidant activity, which may be useful in food and pharmaceutical products.
ABSTRACT
Luehea divaricata (Malvaceae) is a plant widely used for treatment of various inflammatory and infectious conditions; however few reports discuss its biological properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects as well as the macrophage activity in mice treated with the hydroalcoholic crude extract of L. divaricata (CLD). Thin layer chromatography revealed presence of epicathequin, stigmasterol, lupeol and α,β-amyrin in the extract. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities, animals were subjected to paw edema induced by carrageenan test, writhing, formalin and capsaicin tests. Immunomodulatory activity was evaluated by adhesion and phagocytic capacity, lysosomal volume, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by peritoneal macrophages, after daily treatment with CLD for 15 days. CLD promoted reduction in paw edema (36.8% and 50.2%; p<0.05 at doses of 100 and 300 mg/kg, respectively), inhibited writhing behavior at the higher dose (64.4%, p<0.05), reduced formalin reactivity (81.2% and 91.6% at doses of 100 and 300 mg/kg, respectively, p<0.05), and reduced capsaicin reactivity by 63.9% (300 mg/kg). CLD (200 mg• kg-1• day-1) increased phagocytosis capacity of macrophages (~3 fold, p<0.05), neutral red uptake (~50%, p<0.001), and ROS production (~90%, p<0.001). These data suggest that CLD possesses anti-inflammatory, analgesic and immunostimulatory properties.
Luehea divaricata (Malvaceae) é utilizada para o tratamento de várias condições patológicas, entretanto, há poucos relatos sobre sua bioatividade. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito anti-inflamatório e analgésico, bem como a atividade de macrófagos em camundongos tratados com extrato bruto hidroalcoólico (CLD) da planta. Cromatografia em camada delgada revelou a presença de epicatequina, estigmasterol, lupeol e α,β-amirina no material. Para avaliar a atividade anti-inflamatória e analgésica, animais foram submetidos a teste de edema de pata induzido por carragenana, teste de contorções, da formalina e da capsaicina. A atividade imunomodulatória foi avaliada pela capacidade de adesão e de fagocitose dos macrófagos, volume lisossômico e produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio (ROS), após tratamento diário com CLD por 15 dias. CLD promoveu redução do edema de pata (36,8% e 50,2%; 100 e 300 mg/kg, respectivamente; p<0,05), redução do número de contorções (64,4%; 300 mg/kg; p<0,05), redução da reatividade no teste da formalina (81,2% e 91,6%; 100 e 300 mg/kg, respectivamente; p<0,05), e no teste da capsaicina em 63,9% (300 mg/kg). CLD (200 mg• kg-1• day-1) aumentou capacidade de fagocitose dos macrófagos (~3 vezes, p<0,05), volume lisossômico (~50%, p<0,001) e produção de ROS (~90%, p<0,001). Estes dados sugerem que o CLD possui propriedades anti-inflamatórias, analgésicas e imunoestimulatórias.
Subject(s)
Mice , Adjuvants, Immunologic/classification , Malvaceae , Analgesics/classification , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/classification , Reactive Oxygen SpeciesABSTRACT
Some research works were developed to propagate mume by cutting, even so the results were not exciting. The objective of present work was to verify the air layering in IAC-10 mume (japanese apricot) treated with different concentration of indolbutyric acid (IBA). In woody branches of approximately one year, air layering was accomplished with a 2 cm wide ring treated with IBA (0, 1,000; 2,000; 3,000 and 4,000 mg L-1), involved with humidified sphagnum moss, covered and tied in the extremities with transparent plastic film. After 90 days, percentage of survival air layering, rooting, callous and number of roots were evaluated. According to the results, mume can be propagated by air layering with a concentration of 1000 mg L-1 of IBA in order to provide a higher number of roots and a good rooting.
Alguns trabalhos foram desenvolvidos com o intuito de se propagar o umezeiro por estaquia, porém os resultados não foram animadores. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo verificar a viabilidade da propagação do umezeiro (Prunus mume sieb & Zucc), clone IAC-10, por alporquia. Ramos lenhosos de aproximadamente um ano de idade, localizados na parte mediana da copa, foram utilizados para a confecção dos alporques. Realizou um anel com aproximadamente dois centímetros de largura (suprimindo apenas a casca do ramo), pincelando-se com diferentes concentrações de IBA (0, 1000, 2000, 3000 e 4000 mg L-1), distribuídos em todo o anel com o auxílio de pincel. Os alporques foram envolvidos com esfagno umedecido, como substrato, cobertos e amarrados nas extremidades com plástico transparente. Após 90 dias da realização da alporquia, coletaram-se os seguintes dados biométricos: porcentagem de alporques vivos, enraizados, calejados e número médio de raízes por alporque. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, conclui-se que o umezeiro pode ser propagado por alporquia, devendo ser utilizado a concentração de 1000 mg L-1 de IBA, a fim de propiciar maior enraizamento e número de raízes por alporque.
ABSTRACT
Some research works were developed to propagate mume by cutting, even so the results were not exciting. The objective of present work was to verify the air layering in IAC-10 mume (japanese apricot) treated with different concentration of indolbutyric acid (IBA). In woody branches of approximately one year, air layering was accomplished with a 2 cm wide ring treated with IBA (0, 1,000; 2,000; 3,000 and 4,000 mg L-1), involved with humidified sphagnum moss, covered and tied in the extremities with transparent plastic film. After 90 days, percentage of survival air layering, rooting, callous and number of roots were evaluated. According to the results, mume can be propagated by air layering with a concentration of 1000 mg L-1 of IBA in order to provide a higher number of roots and a good rooting.
Alguns trabalhos foram desenvolvidos com o intuito de se propagar o umezeiro por estaquia, porém os resultados não foram animadores. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo verificar a viabilidade da propagação do umezeiro (Prunus mume sieb & Zucc), clone IAC-10, por alporquia. Ramos lenhosos de aproximadamente um ano de idade, localizados na parte mediana da copa, foram utilizados para a confecção dos alporques. Realizou um anel com aproximadamente dois centímetros de largura (suprimindo apenas a casca do ramo), pincelando-se com diferentes concentrações de IBA (0, 1000, 2000, 3000 e 4000 mg L-1), distribuídos em todo o anel com o auxílio de pincel. Os alporques foram envolvidos com esfagno umedecido, como substrato, cobertos e amarrados nas extremidades com plástico transparente. Após 90 dias da realização da alporquia, coletaram-se os seguintes dados biométricos: porcentagem de alporques vivos, enraizados, calejados e número médio de raízes por alporque. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, conclui-se que o umezeiro pode ser propagado por alporquia, devendo ser utilizado a concentração de 1000 mg L-1 de IBA, a fim de propiciar maior enraizamento e número de raízes por alporque.