PAUSA: Resultados de un programa de proximidad dirigido a personas con prácticas de chemsex en la ciudad de Madrid / PAUSA: Results of an outreach programme aimed at people with chemsex practices in the city of Madrid

Introducción: El Instituto de Adicciones de Madrid Salud (Ayuntamiento de Madrid) utiliza habitualmenteestrategias de acercamiento orientadas a diferentes grupos de población. En 2020 se impulsó un nuevoprograma de acercamiento dirigido a usuarios con prácticas de chemsex, cuyo diseño y resultadosiniciales se presentan en este trabajo. Objetivos: El programa de acercamiento PAUSA se proponeacceder a usuarios de chemsex que todavía no han demandado atención profesional, ofreciéndolesapoyo desde fases más tempranas para: reducir los riesgos de estas prácticas, programar un descansode las mismas, o facilitar un mejor acceso y enlace a los servicios públicos y comunitarios especializadosen chemsex en la ciudad de Madrid. Materiales y métodos: El diseño del programa exploró diferentesopciones de acercamiento a usuarios de chemsex en activo, incluyendo estrategias de difusión onliney a través de tarjetas y cartelería. Se ofrecieron a los usuarios dos tipos de intervenciones, breves yestructuradas. Las primeras se desarrollaron vía chat. Las segundas mediante cita programada presencialo por Skype/Zoom. Resultados: Durante el periodo de actividad analizado se realizaron un total de 739intervenciones breves por chat, beneficiando a un total de 442 usuarios. Se realizaron además un totalde 190 citas estructuradas, presenciales u online, de una hora de duración. Un total de 115 usuariosfueron derivados a centros de atención a las adicciones. La atención recibida por parte del programarecibió excelentes evaluaciones. Conclusiones: El modelo de intervención implementado en el programaPAUSA resultó efectivo para contactar con usuarios de chemsex en fases más tempranas. La captaciónonline en aplicaciones de contactos gais fue la estrategia de acercamento de mayor éxito. Los usuariosatendidos mostraron una alta aceptabilidad de este formato de intervención. (AU)

Introduction: The Institute of Addictions of Madrid Health (City Council of Madrid) routinely employsoutreach strategies aimed at different population groups. In 2020, a new outreach programme wasinitiated targeting individuals engaged in chemsex practices. This paper presents the design and initialoutcomes of this programme. Objectives: The PAUSE outreach programme aims to engage chemsexusers who have not yet sought professional help, providing them support at earlier stages to mitigatethe risks associated with these practices, introduce breaks from them, or facilitate better access andlinkage to public and community services specialised in chemsex within the city of Madrid. Materialsand Methods: The programme’s design explored various approaches to engage active chemsex users,including online dissemination strategies and through cards and posters. Users were offered twotypes of interventions: brief and structured. The former were conducted via chat, while the latterwere scheduled either for in-person meetings or through Skype/Zoom. Results: During the analysedactivity period, a total of 739 brief interventions were conducted via chat, benefiting 442 users in total.Additionally, 190 structured sessions, either in-person or online, lasting an hour each were carriedout. A total of 115 users were referred to addiction care centres. The programme’s services receivedexcellent evaluations. Conclusions: The intervention model implemented in the PAUSE programmeproved effective in reaching users engaged in chemsex during early stages. Online outreach throughgay contact apps emerged as the most successful engagement strategy. Users served demonstrated ahigh acceptability of this intervention format. (AU)

Outreach HIV testing using oral fluid and online consultation of the results: Pilot intervention in Catalonia. / Oferta de la prueba del VIH en fluido oral en actividades de acercamiento y consulta de los resultados online: intervención piloto en Cataluña.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of the intervention was to describe the feasibility and cost-effectiveness of offering HIV testing in outreach interventions and subsequent consultation of the results through a secure web page. METHODS: The HIV test was offered "in situ" to men who have sex with men (MSM), migrant sex workers and trans women recruited in places of leisure and sex. Four collaborating NGOs recruited the participants and assisted them to register on the study website (www.swab2know.eu) through a tablet or the smartphone of the same participant. The samples were sent to the reference laboratory and the results were published on the website. RESULTS: 834 participants (612 MSMs, 203 women sex workers and 19 trans women) were recruited. In total 22 reagent results (2.6%) were detected: 21 among MSMs (3.4%) and 1 in a trans women (5.3%). While 82.6% of MSMs consulted their outcome, only 39.9% and 26.3% of women sex workers and trans women respectively consulted their outcome CONCLUSIONS: Providing self-sampling in outreach activities, dispatch and analysis in a reference laboratory as well as online communication of test results is feasible. A high proportion of participants with a HIV reactive result were detected among MSMs and trans women.

[HIV screening in leisure spaces in Barcelona and Sitges in men who have sex with men]. / Cribado del VIH en espacios de ocio en Barcelona y Sitges en hombres que tienen sexo con hombres.

Description of the implementation of the field work of a pilot intervention whose objective was to promote the early diagnosis of HIV infection by offering a screening test for HIV in gay venues and cruising areas (outdoor sexual contact areas) frequented by men who have sex with men (MSM) in the city of Barcelona and Sitges, and consulting the result through the project website. The pilot intervention was viable and counted with the acceptability of the target group.

Acercamiento axiológico a las cartas testamentarias de José Martí / Axiological approach to testamentary letters of José Martí

RESUMEN El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo valorar las concepciones éticas y políticas del pensamiento martiano en sus cartas testamentos y sus potencialidades para el fortalecimiento de valores en los estudiantes de la Educación Superior. En el trabajo se abordan consideraciones teóricas acerca de la carta como tipología textual y del epistolario martiano, con énfasis en sus cartas testamentos. Se parte de los resultados de un proyecto de investigación en la que fueron aplicadas técnicas investigativas como la revisión bibliográfica y los procedimientos inherentes al análisis léxico semántico.

ABSTRACT The present work aims to assess the ethical and political conceptions of Marti's thought in his letters testaments and their potential for strengthening values in students of Higher Education. The paper addresses theoretical considerations about the letter as textual typology and Marti letters, with emphasis on his letters testaments. It is based on the results of an investigation project in which investigative techniques were applied, such as the bibliographic tracking and the procedures inherent to the semantic lexical analysis.

The early biopsychosocial development of boys and the origins of violence in males.

We apply a biopsychosocial approach to introduce early-in-life experiences that explain a significant part of the male preponderance in the perpetration of violence. Early caregiver abuse and neglect, father absence, and exposure to family and neighborhood violence exacerbate boys' greater risk for aggressive behavior and increase the probability of carrying out violent acts later in life. We examine the development of the psychological self and explore conditions that encourage physical aggression, focusing on the impact on the infant and toddler's emergent mental representation of self, others, and self-other relationships. Boys' slower developmental timetable in the first years of life may enhance their vulnerability for disorganization in emergent neurobiological networks mediating organization of socioemotional relationships. Emergent attachment and activation relationship systems may differentially affect risk and resilience in boys and girls, particularly in single-parent families. Evidence has suggested that the dramatic increase in single-parent families is especially linked to corresponding increases in behavioral undercontrol, antisocial behavior, and the emergence of violence in boys.

A discricionariedade policial e os estereótipos suspeitos / The police discretion and suspicious stereotypes / Policía y estereotipos suspects discreción

Este estudo investigará alguns fatores tomados como referência pelos policiais da Polícia Militar do Estado do Pará (PM/PA/Brasil), nos procedimentos de abordagens e buscas pessoais, durante os patrulhamentos realizados em bairros periféricos da cidade de Belém. A investigação centra-se na análise da percepção dos policiais na identificação de indivíduos que consideram suspeitos, bem como na maneira pela qual estes indivíduos experimentam e percebem a abordagem policial. A metodologia utilizada nesta pesquisa é de natureza quantitativa, composta pela aplicação de questionários a dois grupos: policiais e jovens da periferia. Com relação aos policiais, 335 aceitaram participar da pesquisa e responder aos questionários. Entre os jovens, o número de questionários respondidos foi de 403. O número total de questionários permitiu uma margem de erro estatístico menor que 5%. Com base nos apontamentos mais relevantes, as suspeitas que induzem à abordagem policial não apresentam claro respaldo legal, embora sua formulação seja corriqueira nas atividades de policiamento ostensivo. Como esses procedimentos utilizam marcadores pessoais estereotipados, geram, entre os jovens dos bairros da periferia de Belém, avaliações profundamente negativas do trabalho policial.(AU)

This study will investigate some factors taken as reference by the officers of the military police of the State of Para in the northern region (PMPA Brasil), in the procedures and approaches of personal searches, during the patrols carried out in peripheral neighbourhoods of the city of Belem. The research focuses on the analysis of perception of the policeman in the identification of individuals who are considered suspects, as well as the manner in which these individuals experience and perceive the police approach. The methodology used in this research is quantitative, composed by applying questionnaires to two groups: police and youths of the peripheral neighbourhoods. With respect to cops, 335 research and participate accepted replying to questionnaires. Among young people, the number of questionnaires returned was 403. The total number of questionnaires allowed a statistical margin of error smaller than 5%. On the basis of the most relevant notes, suspicions that induce the police approach do not have clear legal backing, although its formulation is commonplace in the ostensive policing activities. As these procedures utilize personal markers stereotyped, generate, among young people, deeply negative assessments of police work.(AU)

Este estudio investigará algunos de los factores que se toman como referencia por los agentes de la Policía Militar del Estado de Pará (PM / PA / Brasil), procedimientos y enfoques búsquedas personales durante los patrullajes realizados en las zonas periféricas de la ciudad de Belén La investigación se centra. en el análisis de la percepción de la policía en la identificación de las personas que consideran sospechosas, y la manera en que estos individuos experimentan y perciben el enfoque policial. La metodología utilizada en esta investigación es de carácter cuantitativo, que consiste en cuestionarios a dos grupos: la policía y los jóvenes de la periferia. Con respecto a la policía, 335 aceptaron participar y responder a los cuestionarios. Entre los jóvenes, el número de cuestionarios completados fue 403. El número total de cuestionarios permitió un margen de menos del 5% de error estadístico. Sobre la base de las citas más relevantes, las sospechas que inducen el enfoque policial no tiene respaldo legal claro, aunque su formulación es un lugar común en las actividades policiales ostentosos. A medida que estos procedimientos utilizan estereotipada marcadores personales generan entre los jóvenes de los barrios de las afueras de Belén, profundamente evaluaciones negativas de la labor policial.(AU)