ABSTRACT
Mongolia had an epidemic of measles in 2015-2016, even though more than 90% of the population have been vaccinated since 1997. This study aimed to examine the associations between unvaccinated proportion and measles incidence according to aimag. Mongolia has 21 provinces (aimag) with Ulaanbaatar as the capital city. Vaccination coverage between 1991 and 2014 and measles incidence according to aimag were obtained from the National Center for Communicable Diseases of Mongolia database. Accumulated unvaccinated proportion (AUP) among those aged 1 to 24 years in 2015 was estimated from the unvaccinated at the 1st dose of 1991 to 2014. From 1991 to 2014, unvaccinated proportion among those aged 1 to 24 years in the whole country has been reducing from 28.0% in 1991 to 1.8% in 2014. The AUP in 2015 varied from 2.7% (Selenge) to 21.8% (Govisumber). The incidence was remarkably higher in only two aimags with a large density of the unvaccinated aged 1 to 24 years (Ulaanbaatar and Darkhan-Uul) than in the other aimags. The incidence had no significant correlation with the AUP, although the correlation between the incidence and the density of unvaccinated aged 1 to 24 years was significant when the two aimags were included. In conclusion, the AUP between 2.7% and 21.8% had no correlation with the incidence according to aimags in Mongolia measles epidemic 2015-2016.
Subject(s)
Measles/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Age Distribution , Child , Child, Preschool , Disease Outbreaks/statistics & numerical data , Female , Humans , Incidence , Infant , Male , Mongolia/epidemiology , Vaccination/statistics & numerical data , Young AdultABSTRACT
Justification@#Iodine is a micronutrient essential for human health. 92% of the required iodine human organism obtains with food. One of methods to supply the required amount of iodine is the use of iodised salt. The overall goal of our study was to determine the actual consumption of iodised salt by households. @*Materials and Methods@#Samples of salt consumed by 20173 households from five regions (Western, Mountainous, Central, Eastern regions and Ulaanbaatar city) of Mongolia were collected and their iodine contents were determined according to MNS 5168:2002.@*Results@#Out of the total analyzed salt samples, 19.1 % were non-iodised, 2.8% had low iodine content, 77.5% had appropriate level of iodine and 0.6% had high level of iodine.</br> When the salt iodine contents were evaluated by the country regions, it was revealed that the households in Western (31.4%) and Mountainous (20.57%) regions consumed salt that was not iodised. 84.5% of the Ulaanbaatar city households consumed salt with appropriate level of iodine.@*Conclusions@#</br> 1. 19.1 % of the surveyed households consume non-iodised salt, 2.8% consume salt with low iodine content, 77.5% consume salt with appropriate level of iodine and 0.6% consume salt with high level of iodine.</br> 2. The iodine level is appropriate in 84.5% of salt consumed by Ulaanbaatar city households.
ABSTRACT
Rare and endangered 5 species are distributed to grow in Tuv aimag. Global warming, aridity, livestock grazing, and mining factors effect to lose the distribution area of those rare and endan- gered species. Therefore, it is important to study for their accurate population size. Based on that protection works could be evenly distributed within the areal distribution. It is rather demanding work to make test study for finding new sites that needed to protect, to restore those rare and endangered species and to make plantation, to domesticate for transplantation and multiplication and to protect gene pool by the method of biotechnology. Key words: Tuv aimag, useful plants, distribution, reserves
ABSTRACT
IntroductionThe aimag health statistics of 2009 shows that the cancer morbidity is 24.94 per 10000 populations,which is 1.6 times and the cancer mortality is 21.48 per 1000, 1.8 times higher than the national average respectively. Therefore, this research was carried out to study the KAP on breast and cervical cancers among the women of Sukhbaatar aimag for planning and implementation of actions meeting their needs.MethodologyIn total 570 women from Bayandelger, Dariganga, Ongon, Munhkhaan and Erdenetsagaan soums and 2 baghs of the aimag centre were involved in the study by random sampling.ResultsIn the study involved 570 women of 6 soums of Sukhbaatar aimag. The average age of the women is 33 1.0. Women with university education are 21.4%, with complete secondary education 44.3%, with incomplete secondary education 3.3%, with primary education 7.7%, and uneducated was 1.1%. Herding women composed 22.8% of the participants. The knowledge related to the age of the participants demonstrate higher level of knowledge on cancer among 35-44 year old women. By thereasons of involvement in the breast screening, 68% have not been examined in last 5 years, 10% have visited voluntarily and the rest participated as it was organised by their employees or by chance. The average score of the knowledge on cervical cancer was 7.8 or 30%. The women themselves assessed their knowledge on cervical cancer as poor. The responses given by respondents in the study of the signs of the cancer also demonstrate low level of knowledge. Also the women’s knowledge on early detection of the cancer is insufficient. The knowledge, attitude and practicce of local women concerning breast/cervical cancer, the factors affecting the screening, current needs and the level of health education were defined by this study and the findings of the study show that it is necessary to focus on improving the KAP of the target population on preventive acctivities and participation in screening and enhancement of related trainings.Conclusions:1. The knowledge of the women on breast and cervical cancers is generally low.2. The sources of information on the causes of breast and cervical cancers are scarce.1. The insufficient KAP towards screening and poor preventive behavior negatively affect early diagnosing of breast/cervical cancer.
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BackgroundThe target group of the project, working age population, is more vulnerably exposed to the risk factors of NCDs due to deficiency of physical activities, stress, unhealthy eating, etc. The current study was carried out to assess the knowledge and attitude on health promoting workplaces among the employees of public and non-governmental organizations and businesses operating in Kherlen soum of Khentii aimag, identify their needs and make conclusions.Materials and MethodsThe cross-sectional study used questionnaires for 195 employees of 10 public agencies and 3 business entities of Kherlen soum of Khentii aimag, focus group discussions among 32 employees and individual interviews with 13 managing officials.ResultsWomen composed 38% (74 persons) and men composed 62% (121 persons) of the participants of the study. As for the duration of the service, 115 people or 58.7% have served for 1-10 years, 49 people or 25% have served for 11-20 years, 21 persons or 10.7% have served for 21-30 years and 6 persons or 3.1% have worked for 30 years. As for the knowledge of health promoting workplaces, the absolute majority of the participants demonstrated medium or low level of knowledge with statistical significance (p<0.01) among ages, with women demonstrating higher level of knowledge and increasing trend with the years of work. Absolute majority of the participants of the qualitative survey answered that possess insufficient information of health promoting workplaces. Majority or 54.2% (105) of the participants understand health promoting workplaces as provision of working conditions and organization of preventive health check ups. Creating healthy workplaces will have no negativeimpact but increased productivity, higher morale, better wellness, according to the respondents. Job satisfaction as an impact of health promotion at workplace was supported by 48.4% of the employees at 20-30 years age and 54.2% of the employees who have served for 11-20 years. 57.7% (112) of the respondents disagree that their workplaces created health promoting conditions. The knowledge of the majority of the participants in insufficient as 89.3% answer that WHP is provision of healthy environment for working. Health promotion is not implemented sufficiently at the policy level and is limited merely to improvement of physical environment and solution of social problems, with insufficient behavior targeting actions and participation of employees in health promoting activities.Conclusions:1. The knowledge on health promoting workplaces is insufficient.2. The answers of the respondents that lack of health promotion at workplaces will reduce productivity (69.2%) and adversely affect the health of the employees (44.7%) demonstrate the need in WHP.3. The further activities necessary for further development of health promoting workplaces were identified as provision of comprehensive knowledge, cooperation with professional organizations and learn from experiences of health promoting workplace models, mutual learning and solution of the financial issues.
ABSTRACT
IntroductionAccording to the World Health Organization (WHO), non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), diabetes, chronic pulmonary diseases and cancers accounted for 60 percent of mortality in the global population and 80 percent of mortality in low and middle income countries in 2008.Mongolia has been undergoing an epidemiological transition since 1990s. As a result, diseases related to lifestyles and health behavior, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer and injuries are growing steadily and have become the leading causes of population mortality.PurposeTo determine the prevalence of common risk factors for non-communicable diseases among civil servants in Bulgan aimag.Materials and MethodsA total of 300 randomly selected 22-64 years-olds of staff from 9 organizations of Bulgan aimag participated in the study. The prevalence and measures of average distribution of NCD risk factors were estimated.ResultsOut of all participants, 135 were males and 165 were females. Most respondents (96.3%) knew that smoking harms their health. With respect to the frequency of smoking, 15.5 % (95% CI 11.4-19.7) of the respondents were regular smokers, 10.5% (95% CI 6.9-13.9) were irregular smokers and 65.5% (95% CI 60.1-70.9) were non-smokers. 47.1% of the population strongly agreed to the statement that the Mongolians tend to drink too much alcohol at one time and another 47.8% agreed with this judgment. The attitude of the community related to the daily consumption of fruit demonstrated that only 28.2% (95%CI 23.1-33.3) of the respondents considered having fruits daily as “very important” and 58.7%(95%CI 53.1-64.3) considered it as “important”. According to the study results, the prevalence of people engaged in moderate levels of physical activity was 48.5% with significantly more males (60.9%) (95%CI 52.5-69.3) engaged in such activities than females (38.4%) (95%CI 30.9-45.9).Conclusions:1. The samples examined by this study demonstrated a good knowledge on the harms of smoking (96.3%) and second hand smoking (99%).2. The majority of the respondents (94.9%) agreed that the Mongolians tend to drink large amounts of alcohol at once.3. In general, many Bulgan civilians are lack a health promotion attitude in regards of daily consumption of fruits and vegetables, with only about 28.2% of the respondents considering it as very important.
ABSTRACT
Background: The Khongor soum has 253.3 thousand hectare square meter land which is 77 percent of Darkhan aimag from that 31.2 thousand hectare square meter land is used for plantation purpose. 12% of population is kazak. In April 2007, environment and drinking water resource of Khongor soum was polluted by dilution sewage water. Since after this incidence population were complaining about health status. Purpose of this survey was to determine cancer and general mortality of soum population. There 2 objectives: 1. To verify cancer mortality and morbidity in Khongor soum, Darkhan2. To assess excess mortality of cancer in the Khongor soumMethods: Health secondary data of 2006-2009 of Health department of Darkhan-Uul aimag was used for the assessment. The information about cause of death, number of death, population and so on were collected to caluculate crude mortality and cancer-specific mortality.Results: in 2007, the lowest or 4950 population was registered in Khongor soum and the highest number or 5628 of population was registered in 2002. The number of population gradually increased in 2009 by 5603. During 2006-2009 66 people were died in Khongor soum and this means 125.3 populations per 10000. According to the year trend mortality (66) rate was not fluctuated year by year. The leading ten causes of mortality of Khongor soum, at the first CVD (51.1 per 10000) and at the second cancer (37.8 per 10000) and it is similar with Mongolian mortality consistence. According to standardized mortality rate, mortality of Darkhan-Uul aimag was 8 per 10000 and the level of Khongor soum was 0.3 which means less than state average level. During 2006-2009 years, 24 people were died due to cancer and most of them were male (17, 70.8%). Every year of surveyed time, male mortality rate was high. The registered cancer (62.5 per 10000) of soum was similar with state average level and 1.5 times less then Darkhan- Uul aimag (92.5 per 1000) level.Conclusions: The last 5 years mortality rate of Khongor soum (124.9 per 10000) less 2.4 times from Mongolian state average level and 1.9 times less than Darkhan-uul aimag level. There are approved that cancer level of Khongor soum was not increased in last year. However, it is recommended to monitor Khongor soum’s morbidity and mortality to evaluate long-term effect of environmental pollution.
