Efficacy and Safety of Anhydrous Ethanol-Assisted Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Transluminal Necrosectomy in Infected Necrotizing Pancreatitis.

AIM: Endoscopic necrosectomy has become the first-line treatment option for infectious necrotizing pancreatitis (INP), especially walled-off necrosis. However, the problems, including operation-related adverse events (AEs) and the need for multiple endoscopic procedures, have not been effectively addressed. We sought to evaluate the clinical safety and efficacy of anhydrous ethanol-assisted endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided transluminal necrosectomy in INP. METHODS: A single-center observational cohort study of INP patients was conducted in a tertiary endoscopic center. Anhydrous ethanol-assisted EUS-guided transluminal necrosectomy (modified group) and conventional endoscopic necrosectomy (conventional group) were retrospectively compared in INP patients. The technical and clinical success rates, operation time, perioperative AEs, postoperative hospital stay, and recurrent INP rates were analyzed, respectively. RESULTS: A total of 55 patients were enrolled. No statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups regarding baseline characteristics. Compared to patients in the conventional group, patients in the modified group demonstrated significantly reduced times of endoscopic transluminal necrosectomies (1.96 ± 0.89 vs. 2.73 ± 0.98; P = 0.004) and comparable perioperative AEs (P = 0.35). Meanwhile, no statistically significant differences were observed in the technical and clinical success rates (P = 0.92), operation time (P = 0.59), postoperative hospital stay (P = 0.36), and recurrent INP rates (P = 1.00) between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Anhydrous ethanol-assisted EUS-guided transluminal necrosectomy seemed safe and effective in treating INP. Compared with conventional endoscopic transluminal necrosectomy, its advantage was mainly in reducing the number of endoscopic necrosectomies without increasing perioperative AEs.

Effects of deodorization on the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol esters (3-MCPDE) and glycidyl esters (GE) in rapeseed oil using ethanol steam distillation at low temperature.

High temperature is beneficial for the removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from oil via steam, but leads to an increase in the content of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol esters (3-MCPDE) and glycidyl esters (GE). To inhibit the production of 3-MCPDE and GE during the removal of PAHs, rapeseed oil was deodorized using ethanol steam at low-temperature (140-220 °C) (L-ESD) and the content changes were studied for PAHs, 3-MCPDE and GE, and compared with conventional high-temperature water steam deodorization (H-WSD) (250 °C for 60 min). The removal rates of PAHs in L-ESD oil can be higher than those in conventional H-WSD oil, and the contents of 3-MCPDE and GE in L-ESD oil (140-180 °C for 60-100 min) ranged from 48.32 to 73.65 % and 50.49-69.90 %, respectively, in H-WSD oil due to the lower temperature of ethanol steam deodorization. These results indicate that L-ESD is beneficial in minimizing the contents of PAHs, 3-MCPDE and GE in vegetable oil.

Study on bacterial endotoxin detection of egg yolk lecithin of Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2020 Edition / 中国药理学通报

Abstract; Aim To solve the problems in the appliea- tion of egg yolk leeithin endotoxin test method, and and to establish the baeterial endotoxin examination method for egg yolk lecithin (for injeetion). Methods The ethanol solution of Tween 80 ( the volume ratio of tween 80 to anhydrous ethanol was 2. 5 • 2. 7, mixed for 4 min) was used to prepare lecithin solution of egg yolk at 0. 1 kg • L 1 , and 10 test water was added to 1 mL lecithin solution of egg yolk (500 EU • mL 1 standard solution of endotoxin IOjxL was added for pos¬itive control). After diluted 20 times with endotoxin test water, the standard curve range was 10 ~0. 01 EU • mL 1 by kinetic-turbidimetrie assay. Methodology of endotoxin test was studied using limulus lysate from two manufacturers and eight hatches of samples. Results The recoveries of eight hatches of samples all met the requirement of interference test between 50% and 200% stipulated in the pharmacopoeia, which solved the problems of the current endotoxin test method in practical application. Conclusions The bacterial en¬dotoxin test method of egg yolk lecithin with good dura-bility is established to provide the basis for the revision of pharmacopoeia.

Clinical observation of microwave ablation combined with anhydrous ethanol in the treatment of cystic thyroid nodules inical / 中华内分泌外科杂志

Objective:To observe the therapeutic effect of microwave ablation combined with anhydrous ethanol for cystic thyroid nodules.Methods:From Jan. 2019 to Dec. 2019, 56 patients with thyroid cystic nodules (≥2cm) underwent ultrasound guided thyroid cystic nodule ablation in Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Nanjing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine. According to different ablation methods, the patients were divided into microwave ablation combined with anhydrous ethanol group and microwave ablation group. There were 36 cases in microwave ablation combined with anhydrous ethanol group and 20 cases in microwave ablation group. The volume reduction rate of thyroid nodules, the incidence of postoperative complications and the changes of thyroid function were compared between the two groups after treatment. Statistical analysis were performed using SPSS, version 21.0, the mean±SD deviation ( ± s) was used to describe the statistics, t-test was performed, and the adoption rate of counting data (%) was expressed by χ 2 test. The difference was statistically significant with P<0.05. Results:The nodule volume reduction rates of the microwave ablation combined with anhydrous ethanol group and microwave ablation group were (49.86±6.78) % vs (22.84±1.88) %, (67.57±5.84) % vs (47.25±7.09) % and (75.70±4.51) % vs (71.14±4.65) % at 3 months, 6 months and 12 months after operation, respectively. There was significant difference between the two groups ( P<0.001) . The incidence of postoperative complications in the two groups was 38.89% and 45.00% respectively, and there was no significant difference between the two groups ( P>0.05) , and all complications were cured within 2 months. There was no significant difference in thyroid function (T3, T4, FT3, FT4, TSH) between the two groups before and 12 months after operation ( P>0.05) . Conclusions:Microwave ablation combined with anhydrous ethanol is more effective in treatment of cystic thyroid nodules (≥2cm) than microwave ablation alone. It can significantly improve patients’symptoms and nodule volume reduction, and does not affect thyroid function. It can be used as a recommended option for treatment of cysticthyroid nodules.

A novel deodorization method of edible oil by using ethanol steam at low temperature.

A novel deodorization method of edible oil by using ethanol steam at low-temperature was developed. We compared the chemical changes in predeodorized rapeseed oil after anhydrous ethanol steam distillation at low temperature (140 to 220 °C) (L-ESD) and conventional high-temperature (250 °C) water-steam distillation (H-WSD) in terms of odor characteristics, physicochemical properties, micronutrient contents, antioxidant performance, and fatty acid composition. Compared with H-WSD (250 °C for 60 min), L-ESD at 180 °C for 80 to 100 min resulted in lower response values of electronic nose, free fatty acid (0.03% to 0.07%), and peroxide value (0.00 to 0.67 meq/kg), but higher retention of tocopherols (554.93 to 551.59 mg/kg), total phenols (43.36 to 45.42 mgGAE/kg), total carotenoids (65.78 to 67.85 mg/kg), phytosterols (585.80 to 596.53 mg/100 g), polyunsaturated fatty acids (27.95 to 28.01%), and better antioxidant properties. In conclusion, L-ESD can mitigate the damage of oil and thus significantly improve the safety of vegetable oils with a high retention of nutrients compared with conventional H-WSD. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The present study aimed to compare the chemical changes in predeodorized rapeseed oil after anhydrous ethanol steam distillation at low temperature (140 to 220 °C) (L-ESD) and conventional high-temperature (250 °C) water-steam distillation (H-WSD) in terms of odor characteristics, physicochemical properties, micronutrient contents, antioxidant performance, and fatty acid composition. Results indicated that this finding supplies a theoretical basis for developing a method with retaining more micronutrients and producing less harmful substances for the deodorization of rapeseed oil.

Structure characteristics, solution properties and morphology of oxidized yeast ß-glucans derived from controlled TEMPO-mediated oxidation.

This work was to investigate the effect of the degree of oxidation (DO) on the structure, solution properties and morphology of yeast ß-glucan. Five different degrees of oxidized yeast ß-glucan (OYG1-5) samples were controllably prepared by TEMPO-mediated oxidation on C-6 position. Namely, the -CH2OH units were oxidized into -COO-/-COOH, and the DO was quantified to be 10.0∼71.2% by potentiometric titration. With an increase of the DO, the OYG samples had a remarkable increase in solubility as indicated by the decreasing turbidity, particle size and zeta-potential, and showed an overall decrease from 2.63 × 106 to 1.43 × 105 g/mol in molecular weight and from 3.95 to 1.66 in polydispersity. OYG1-4 with DO from 10.0% to 47.3% had aggregate morphology with different sizes, while OYG5 with DO of 71.2% showed uniformly dispersed chains and a loose network formed by chain entanglement. These findings demonstrated that the solution properties and morphology of yeast ß-glucan can be altered by adjusting the DO.

Effect of dispersant on the synthesis of cotton textile waste-based activated carbon by FeCl2 activation: characterization and adsorption properties.

Considering the accumulation and high consumption of activating agents, anhydrous ethanol (AE) could be used to dissolve them to improve the dispersion effect, which was an effective way of improving the practical utilization rate. In this study, FeCl2 was dissolved in AE and further impregnated cotton textile waste (CTW) to prepare activated carbons (ACs) by pyrolysis. Afterward, ACs prepared in optimal conditions determined by the orthogonal experiment evaluated the physicochemical properties and adsorption capacities for Cr(VI). The results illustrated that AE greatly increased the dispersion of FeCl2 on CTW, reduced the conventional impregnation dosage, and remarkably improved the activation efficiency. Textural analyses revealed that ACs exhibited excellent porosity properties and graphite carbon structure. FeCl2 catalyzed the decomposition of volatile substances to produce gaseous products and promoted the transformation of amorphous carbon to graphite carbon that was conducive to pore development, followed by the formation of developed micropores and crystal structures. The adsorption performance of ACs was estimated using Cr(VI), and the adsorption was fitted with the pseudo-second-order kinetic and the Langmuir isotherm. Furthermore, the ACs possessed superior magnetization and reusability. Graphical abstract.

[Anhydrous Ethanol Improves Efficiency of Radiofrequency Ablation for the Treatment of Benign Thyroid Nodules:A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial].

Objective To investigate the value of injecting a small amount of absolute ethanol into the benign solid nodules of the thyroid before radiofrequency ablation(RFA)to improve the efficiency of radiofrequency ablation. Methods A total of 98 eligible patients(98 nodules)with pathologically confirmed benign solid nodules who were treated in our center from December 2016 to February 2018 were included and randomized into ethanol ablation(EA)combined with radiofrequency ablation(RFA)group(EA+RFA group)and RFA group,with 49 patients in each group.Routine ultrasound,contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS),and thyroid function test were performed before treatment and 1,3,6,and 12 months after treatment.The general information,treatment time,ablation energy,ablation power,postoperative nodule volume reduction ratio(VRR),symptom score(SS)and cosmetic score(CS),thyroid function level,and incidence of complications were compared between these two groups. Results The mean treatment time [(441.30±243.31)s vs.(790.70±349.82)s;t= 4.403, P=0.000],mean ablation energy [(3.92±2.01)kJ vs.(5.15±2.12)kJ;t=2.709, P=0.009],and mean ablation power [(6.07±1.44)W vs.(7.30±1.29)W;t=3.612, P=0.006] were significantly lower in the EA+RFA group than in the RFA group.At 3,6 and 12 months after surgery,the VRR in the EA+RFA group was(57.73±11.07)%(t=-3.16, P<0.001),(64.40±10.56)%(t=-5.45, P<0.001),and(77.29±8.48)%(t=-10.46, P<0.001),respectively;the VRR in the RFA group was(55.44±13.01)%(t=-1.76, P<0.001),(65.28±11.33)%(t=-5.09, P<0.001),and(75.17±9.84)%(t=-8.93, P<0.001),which were significantly smaller than those before surgery.There was no significant difference in VRR between the EA+RFA group and the RFA group at 1(t=3.41, P=0.33),3(t=2.05, P=0.21),6(t=2.77, P=0.49),and 12 months(t=5.05, P=0.10)after treatment.During the follow-up,no recurrence of nodules was observed on CEUS.In the EA+RFA group,the SS [(1.77±0.86)vs.(5.54±2.15);t=9.63, P<0.001] and the CS[(1.39±0.77)vs.(3.32±0.61);t=10.09, P=0.004]at 12 months after surgery were significantly lower than those before surgery.In the RFA group,SS [(1.63±1.04)vs.(5.90±1.79);t=12.72, P<0.001] and CS [(1.64±0.83)vs.(3.15±0.72);t=8.13, P=0.012] at 12 months after surgery were also significantly lower than those before surgery.The CSS in the EA+RFA group was significantly lower than that in the RFA group [(0.93±0.55)vs.(2.44±0.53);t=-11.70, P=0.007].Both groups had no significant change in thyroid function during the follow-up period,and no serious complications were observed. Conclusion Anhydrous alcohol injection can effectively improve the efficiency of radiofrequency ablation in treating benign solid thyroid nodules and is effective in reducing nodule volume,alleviating compressive symptoms,and decreasing cosmetic discomfort.

A comparative study on the effect of nano-pearl powder ground with different dispersion media / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: To retain more biological activity of organic matter and materials, it is necessary to grind and refine the pearl powder by physical method. The ball grinding method can retain the organic matter in the pearl powder and its activity to the greatest extent. The nanomaterials prepared by ball milling in different dispersion media exhibit different effects. OBJECTIVE: To compare nano-pearl powder milled with distilled water and anhydrous ethanol. METHODS: Nano-pearl powder was prepared by grinding with anhydrous ethanol and water as dispersion medium respectively. The prepared nano-pearl powder was compared by scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, Kjeldahl method and by determining amino acid content in foods. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The nano-pearl powder prepared with anhydrous ethanol as dispersion medium was mainly round particles of different sizes (range, 30-50 nm), with the average grain size of 20 nm. The relative percentage of calcite calcium carbonate increased to 7%. The contents of protein and amino acid did not change obviously. (2) The nano-pearl powder prepared with distilled water as dispersion medium was mainly round particles of different sizes with the average grain size of 30 nm. There were irregular grain-like or block-like particles. The relative percentage of calcite calcium carbonate increased to 10%. The contents of protein and amino acid decreased. (3) These results showed that there was a significant difference in the particle size of the pearl powder ground with distilled water and anhydrous ethanol. The pearl powder prepared with anhydrous ethanol as the dispersion medium had a finer more uniform particle size.

Anhydrous Ethanol Improves Efficiency of Radiofrequency Ablation for the Treatment of Benign Thyroid Nodules:A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial / 中国医学科学院学报

To investigate the value of injecting a small amount of absolute ethanol into the benign solid nodules of the thyroid before radiofrequency ablation(RFA)to improve the efficiency of radiofrequency ablation. A total of 98 eligible patients(98 nodules)with pathologically confirmed benign solid nodules who were treated in our center from December 2016 to February 2018 were included and randomized into ethanol ablation(EA)combined with radiofrequency ablation(RFA)group(EA+RFA group)and RFA group,with 49 patients in each group.Routine ultrasound,contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS),and thyroid function test were performed before treatment and 1,3,6,and 12 months after treatment.The general information,treatment time,ablation energy,ablation power,postoperative nodule volume reduction ratio(VRR),symptom score(SS)and cosmetic score(CS),thyroid function level,and incidence of complications were compared between these two groups. The mean treatment time [(441.30±243.31)s (790.70±349.82)s;= 4.403, =0.000],mean ablation energy [(3.92±2.01)kJ (5.15±2.12)kJ;=2.709, =0.009],and mean ablation power [(6.07±1.44)W (7.30±1.29)W;=3.612, =0.006] were significantly lower in the EA+RFA group than in the RFA group.At 3,6 and 12 months after surgery,the VRR in the EA+RFA group was(57.73±11.07)%(=-3.16, <0.001),(64.40±10.56)%(=-5.45, <0.001),and(77.29±8.48)%(=-10.46, <0.001),respectively;the VRR in the RFA group was(55.44±13.01)%(=-1.76, <0.001),(65.28±11.33)%(=-5.09, <0.001),and(75.17±9.84)%(=-8.93, <0.001),which were significantly smaller than those before surgery.There was no significant difference in VRR between the EA+RFA group and the RFA group at 1(=3.41, =0.33),3(=2.05, =0.21),6(=2.77, =0.49),and 12 months(=5.05, =0.10)after treatment.During the follow-up,no recurrence of nodules was observed on CEUS.In the EA+RFA group,the SS [(1.77±0.86).(5.54±2.15);=9.63, <0.001] and the CS[(1.39±0.77).(3.32±0.61);=10.09, =0.004]at 12 months after surgery were significantly lower than those before surgery.In the RFA group,SS [(1.63±1.04).(5.90±1.79);=12.72, <0.001] and CS [(1.64±0.83).(3.15±0.72);=8.13, =0.012] at 12 months after surgery were also significantly lower than those before surgery.The CSS in the EA+RFA group was significantly lower than that in the RFA group [(0.93±0.55).(2.44±0.53);=-11.70, =0.007].Both groups had no significant change in thyroid function during the follow-up period,and no serious complications were observed. Anhydrous alcohol injection can effectively improve the efficiency of radiofrequency ablation in treating benign solid thyroid nodules and is effective in reducing nodule volume,alleviating compressive symptoms,and decreasing cosmetic discomfort.

Treatment of chronic tuberculous empyema by intrapleural injection of anhydrous ethanol.

BACKGROUND: Anhydrous ethanol, for its part, has been successfully used to treat renal cyst, hepatocellular carcinoma and ovarian chocolate cyst et al. However, in spite of the high frequency of tuberculous purulent pleural effusion, we found that only a few very early studies that attempted to assess the use of intrapleural anhydrous ethanol in tuberculous effusions with signs of empyema. We report a patient who was injected anhydrous ethanol into pleural cavity to treat chronic tuberculous empyema. CASE PRESENTATION: A 23-year old male was admitted in the hospital because of chronic tuberculous empyema. Ultra-sonography guided thoracentesis and thoracic close drainages were done, but had no effect. However, the patient refused Video-assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS) and traditional thoracotomy. Therefore, we injected anhydrous ethanol into the pleural cavity after getting the patient's consent. Pyothorax was quickly controlled and the patient finally recovered fully. CONCLUSION: Surgical operation is the main treatment of chronic tuberculous empyema, which has a high cost and large injury, and many patients do not accept this treatment. In this study, intrapleural injection of anhydrous ethanol could achieve the purpose of eliminating the pus cavity, which is particularly suitable for patients who cannot tolerate surgery or are unwilling to undergo surgical treatment.

Combined treatment of auricular and periauricular malformations: a report of 30 cases / 中华整形外科杂志

Objective@#To investigate the treatment of auricle and periauricular arteriovenous malformations.@*Methods@#This is a retrospective study of 30 patients with auricle and periauricular arteriovenous malformations in Changfeng Hospital from February 2012 to March 2017. First, the patients were treated with anhydrous ethanol embolization, followed by transcatheter or direct percutaneous injection of anhydrous ethanol into the malformed vascular tissues. Angiography was performed every time with ethanol injection. The volume of malformed vascular tissues and injection pressure and speed were measured by hand-push angiography. The injection speed of the contrast agent was usually 0.2 ml/s, and malformed vascular tissue volume equal to the dose of the contrast medium filled with the malformed vascular tissues. With the same dose, injection pressure and speed, anhydrous ethanol was injected until all or part of the lesion was cured. The series of treatments were performed with the interval of 1 to 2 months. After embolization, wedge resection combined with lesion was performed to improve the shape of auricle, and to repair the defect of auricle in the cases of obvious auricle hypertrophy. The skin flap adjacent to the auricle was used to treat the auricle defect caused by embolization.@*Results@#The clinical manifestations of 30 patients such as ulcer, bleeding and tinnitus, were improved after 3 times of ethanol embolization. Angiography showed that the abnormal vascular mass completely disappeared in 8 patients. The vascular mass was shrunken by 50% to 75% in 15 patients, and that of 7 patients shrunken less than 50%. Six cases with obvious hypertrophic deformation of auricle were treated with wedge-shaped resection of auricle lesion to reduce the auricles. Three patients suffered partial auricle necrosis after ethanol embolization. They were treated with periauricular pedicle flap to repair the defects.@*Conclusions@#Sequential embolization with anhydrous ethanol could effectively improve the clinical manifestations and control the development of the lesions in patients with auricular arteriovenous malformations. When the auricle was obviously hypertrophic and deformed, the shape of the auricle could be improved with surgery.

Anhydrous ethanol combined with lauromacrogol in the treatment of a case of diffuse embellish venous malformation / 中华整形外科杂志

This article reported the diagnosis and treatment process of a patient with diffuse infiltrating venous malformation on right lower extremity, perineum and buttock. This is a 14 years old female patient, presented with painless dark blue mass on right perineum, buttock, thigh and leg, after birth. The right perineum lost its normal appearance and the right lower extremity was thicker than contralateral. Imaging examination suggested venous malformations of perineum, buttock and right lower extremity. Anhydrous ethanol combined with lauromacrogol was used to embolize the venous malformations by several times. The patient was satisfied with the treatment outcome, and there was recurrence within a year.

Osteofibrous dysplasia arising in the humerus: A case report.

Osteofibrous dysplasia is a benign fibro-osseous lesion of bone which is most commonly occurred in cortical bone of anterior mid-shaft of the tibia of infancy and childhood. This study reported a case of osteofibrous dysplasia arising in the humerus of adult, resulting in good prognosis after a surgical treatment. A 34-year-old male had felt left upper arm pain and was suspected as having a bone tumor at the humeral shaft by X-ray pictures. The tumor was suspected as the osteofibrous dysplasia of the humerus by a core needle biopsy. Intralesional curettage, intraoperative anhydrous ethanol therapy, and artificial bone graft were performed. Surgical specimens showed fibro-osseous lesion, which strongly indicated osteofibrous dysplasia. Seven years after the surgery, he has lived without any local recurrence and complaints. It is important to recognize that osteofibrous dysplasia can arise in the humerus of an older patient for appropriate diagnosis.

Multiscale Morphology of Nanoporous Copper Made from Intermetallic Phases.

Many application-relevant properties of nanoporous metals critically depend on their multiscale architecture. For example, the intrinsically high step-edge density of curved surfaces at the nanoscale provides highly reactive sites for catalysis, whereas the macroscale pore and grain morphology determines the macroscopic properties, such as mass transport, electrical conductivity, or mechanical properties. In this work, we systematically study the effects of alloy composition and dealloying conditions on the multiscale morphology of nanoporous copper (np-Cu) made from various commercial Zn-Cu precursor alloys. Using a combination of X-ray diffraction, electron backscatter diffraction, and focused ion beam cross-sectional analysis, our results reveal that the macroscopic grain structure of the starting alloy surprisingly survives the dealloying process, despite a change in crystal structure from body-centered cubic (Zn-Cu starting alloy) to face-centered cubic (Cu). The nanoscale structure can be controlled by the acid used for dealloying with HCl leading to a larger and more faceted ligament morphology compared to that of H3PO4. Anhydrous ethanol dehydrogenation was used as a probe reaction to test the effect of the nanoscale ligament morphology on the apparent activation energy of the reaction.

Ethanol-Mediated 2D Growth of Cu2O Nanoarchitectures on Nanoporous Cu Templates in Anhydrous Ethanol.

Two types of cupric oxide (Cu2O) nanoarchitectures (nanobelts and nanopetal networks) have been achieved via immersion nanoporous copper (NPC) templates in anhydrous ethanol. NPC templates with different defect densities have been prepared by dealloying amorphous Ti60Cu40 ribbons in a mixture solution of hydrofluoric acid and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) with different ratios of HF/PVP. Both a water molecule reactant acting as OH- reservoir and the ethanol molecule serving as stabilizing or capping reagent for inhibiting the random growth of Cu2Oplayed a role of the formation of 2-dimensional Cu2O nanoarchitectures. Cu2O nanobelts are preferred to form in anhydrous ethanol on the NPC templates from Ti60Cu40 ribbons dealloying in the solution with low HF concentration and small addition of PVP; and Cu2O nanopetals are tended to grow in anhydrous ethanol from the NPC templates from Ti60Cu40 ribbons dealloying in the solution with high HF concentration and large addition of PVP. With increasing the immersion time in anhydrous ethanol, Cu2O nanopetals united together to create porous networks about 300 nm in thickness. The defect sites (i.e., twin boundary) on nanoporous Cu ligaments preferentially served as nucleation sites for Cu2O nanocrystals, and the higher defect density leads to the formation of uniform Cu2O layer. Synergistic effect of initial microstructure of NPC templates and stabilizing agent of ethanol molecule results in different Cu2O nanoarchitectures.

Ultrasound-guided percutaneous ethanol injection in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma combined with portal vein tumor thrombosis / 中国介入影像与治疗学

ObjectiveTo assess the clinical value of ultrasound-guided percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) combined with portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT).MethodsNinety HCC patients with different type PVTT underwent ultrasound-guided PEI once or twice a week.The follow-up lasted 12 to 60 months,and the 1-,2-,3-,4- and 5-year survival rates were calculated.ResultsThe median survival time of HCC combined with PVTT patients treated with PEI was 12 months,and the 1-,2-,3-,4- and 5-year survival rates was 52.22％,23.33％,15.56％,12.22％ and 10.00％,respectively.The survival rate correlated significantly to the type of PVTT.The lower the type of PVTT was,the longer the patients lived.ConclusionUltrasound-guided PEI is a safe and effective method for the treatment of HCC combined with PVTT,and can prolong the survival time of HCC patients with low type PVTT.