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1.
Estilos clín ; 28(3)2023.
Article in Portuguese, French | LILACS, Index Psychology - journals | ID: biblio-1551504

ABSTRACT

A escolha de uma carreira durante a adolescência é uma etapa decisiva e muitas vezes opressora para os alunos. Geralmente entendida como a necessidade de um compromisso entre as demandas da realidade e os desejos individuais, a noção de Real oferece outras vias de análise que nos permitem compreender melhor a ansiedade suscitada. Ao abordar a questão do prazer e do desejo, a submissão a uma escolha de orientação pode de fato induzir uma intrusão psíquica. A retomada de certos momentos essenciais da juventude do escritor francês, André Gide, identificados por Lacan, permitirá precisar suas implicações e proporcionará caminhos de reflexão para considerar as modalidades de saída da adolescência por ocasião da escolha da orientação. Veremos então a importância de proferir uma palavra autorizadora para que o sujeito seja o autor de sua vida


Elegir una carrera profesional durante la adolescencia es un paso decisivo que a menudo resulta abrumador para los estudiantes. Generalmente entendida como la necesidad de un compromiso entre las exigencias de la realidad y los deseos individuales, la noción de realbrinda otras vías de análisis que nos permiten comprender mejor la angustia suscitada. Al abordar la cuestión del disfrute y el deseo, la sumisión a una elección de orientación puede inducir una intrusión psíquica. La reanudación de ciertos momentos esenciales de la juventud del escritor francés André Gide identificados por Lacan permitirá concretar sus implicaciones y proporcionará vías de reflexión para considerar las modalidades de una salida de la adolescencia con motivo de la elección de la orientación. Veremos entonces la importancia de pronunciar una palabra autorizante para que el sujeto pueda ser el autor de su vida


Elegir una carrera profesional durante la adolescencia es un paso decisivo que a menudo resulta abrumador para los estudiantes. Generalmente entendida como la necesidad de un compromiso entre las exigencias de la realidad y los deseos individuales, la noción de real-brinda otras vías de análisis que nos permiten comprender mejor la angustia suscitada. Al abordar la cuestión del disfrute y el deseo, la sumisión a una elección de orientación puede inducir una intrusión psíquica. La reanudación de ciertos momentos esenciales de la juventud del escritor francés André Gide identificados por Lacan permitirá concretar sus implicaciones y proporcionará vías de reflexión para considerar las modalidades de una salida de la adolescencia con motivo de la elección de la orientación. Veremos entonces la importancia de pronunciar una palabra autorizante para que el sujeto pueda ser el autor de su vida


Choosing a career path during adolescence is a decisive step that is often overwhelming for students. Generally understood as the need for a compromise between the demands of realityand individual desires, the notion of realprovides other avenues of analysis that allow us to better understand the anxiety aroused. By engaging the question of jouissanceand desire, submission to a choice of orientation can indeed induce a psychic intrusion. The resumption of certain essential moments of the youth of the French writer André Gide identified by Lacan will make it possible to specify its implications and will provide avenues for reflection to consider the modalities of an exit from adolescence on the occasion of the choice of orientation. We will then see the importance of uttering an authorizing word so that the subjectcan be the author of his life


Choisir une orientation professionnelle à l'adolescence constitue une étape décisive souvent oppressante pour les élèves. Généralement appréhendée comme la nécessité d'un compromis entre les exigences de la réalité et les désirs individuels, la notion de réel fournit d'autres pistes d'analyse qui permettent de mieux saisir l'angoisse suscitée. En engageant la questionde la jouissance et du désir, la soumission à un choix d'orientation peut en effet induire une effraction psychique. La reprise de certains moments essentiels de la jeunesse de l'écrivain français André Gide repérés par Lacan permettra de préciser ses implications et fournira des pistes de réflexion pour envisager les modalités d'une issue de l'adolescence à l'occasion du choix d'orientation. Nous verrons alors l'importance que revêt l'énonciation d'une parole autorisatrice pour que le sujet puisse être auteur de sa vie


Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Psychoanalysis , Students , Vocational Guidance , Education , Anxiety , Personality Development
2.
Rev. bras. psicanál ; 55(4): 69-89, out.-dez. 2021. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1507895

ABSTRACT

De forma a preservar o ímpeto evolutivo e o alcance da psicanálise, a tarefa da análise de controle é prevenir o estabelecimento da inércia que busca o menor denominador comum e a degeneração de ideias e práticas em evolução na direção de banalizações e preconceitos. A uma instituição psicanalítica é necessário manter padrões mínimos e simultaneamente preservar-se como ambiente vibrante e dinâmico para o contínuo desenvolvimento e regeneração da psicanálise enquanto estrutura viva e simbólica. Através de uma análise de controle, cada analista adquire um estilo analítico único, que não se refere a preferências e idiossincrasias egoicas, mas a uma singular e nova articulação subjetiva dos elementos preexistentes na estrutura tradicional. Sem a realização de uma análise pessoal, a análise da contratransferência e da identificação projetiva em supervisão pode operar como resistência à análise pessoal, essa última o mais importante fator para a autoautorização do analista dentro da organização psicanalítica. O analista não é autorizado pela supervisão ou pelo supervisor, mas pela experiência analítica pessoal com o inconsciente, o sintoma e seus efeitos pós-analíticos sob a forma do que Lacan nomeia de sinthoma. Lacan diz que, ao término da análise, o analisando ou futuro analista não se identifica com o analista, mas sim com seu sinthoma.


The task of control analysis is to preserve the evolutionary impetus and edge of psychoanalysis and prevent the inertia towards the lowest common denominator, and the degeneration of evolved ideas and practices into common assumptions and prejudices. A psychoanalytic organization needs to maintain standards while also preserving the organization as a vibrant and dynamic site for the continuing development and re-invention of psychoanalysis as a living symbolic structure. Through a control analysis every analyst acquires a unique analytical style that does not refer to ego preferences and idiosyncrasies, but to a singular and new subjective articulation of the pre-existing elements of a traditional structure. Without a personal analysis, the analysis of the countertransference and of projective identification in supervision can function as a resistance to the personal analysis which is the most important factor for the self-authorization of the analyst within a psychoanalytic organization. The analyst is not authorized by supervision or the supervisor, but by the personal analytical experience with the unconscious, the symptom, and its post-analytical effects in the form of what Lacan calls the sinthome. Lacan said that at the end of analysis, the analysand or the future analyst does not identify with the analyst, but rather with his/her sinthome.


Con el fin de preservar el ímpetu evolutivo y el alcance del psicoanálisis, la tarea del análisis de control es evitar el establecimiento de inercias que buscan el mínimo común denominador y la degeneración de ideas y prácticas en la evolución en la dirección de trivializaciones y prejuicios. Para una institución psicoanalítica es necesario mantener estándares mínimos y simultáneamente preservarse como un entorno vibrante y dinámico para el desarrollo continuo y la regeneración del psicoanálisis como una estructura viva y simbólica. A través de un análisis de control, cada analista adquiere un estilo analítico único que no se refiere a preferencias del ego e idiosincrasias, sino a una singular y nueva articulación subjetiva de los elementos preexistentes en la estructura tradicional. Sin realizar un análisis personal, el análisis de la contratransferencia y la identificación proyectiva en la supervisión puede operar como resistencia al análisis personal, este último el factor más importante para la auto autorización del analista dentro de la organización psicoanalítica. El analista no está autorizado por la supervisión o el supervisor, sino por la experiencia analítica personal con el inconsciente, el síntoma y sus efectos posanalíticos en forma de lo que Lacan llama sinthoma. Lacan dijo que al final del análisis, el analista o analista futuro no se identifica con el analista, sino con su sinthoma.


De façon à préserver l'élan évolutif et l'étendue de la psychanalyse, la tâche de l'analyse de contrôle est celle de prévenir l'établissement de l'inertie qui cherche le plus petit dénominateur commun et la dégénération d'idées et de pratiques en évolution dans la direction des banalisations et des préjugés. Il faut qu'une institution psychanalytique maintienne des étalons minimaux et simultanément se préserver en tant qu'une ambiance vibrante et dynamique pour le développement continu et régénération de la psychanalyse considérée comme une structure vive et symbolique. Par l'intermédiaire d'une analyse de contrôle, chaque analyste acquiert un style analytique unique qui ne se réfère pas à des préférences et des idiosyncrasies égoïques, mais à une nouvelle articulation singulière et subjective des éléments préexistant dans la structure traditionnelle. Sans mener une analyse personnelle, l'analyse du contre-transfert et de l'identification projective en supervision peuvent opérer en tant que résistance à l'analyse personnelle, cette dernière le plus important élément pour l'auto autorisation de l'analyste chez l'organisation psychanalytique. L'analyste n'est pas autorisé par la supervision ou par le superviseur, mais par l'expérience analytique personnelle du surmoi, du symptôme et de ses effets postanalytiques, sous la forme de ce qui Lacan nomme sinthome. Lacan dit que, à la fin de l'analyse, l'analysant ou le futur analyste ne s'identifie pas à l'analyste, mais à son sinthome.

3.
An Pediatr (Engl Ed) ; 94(3): 153-160, 2021 Mar.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33514478

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Regulatory agencies are responsible for defining the use of off-label (OL) and unlicensed (UL) drug prescription in neonatal intensive care. However, these regulatory criteria may differ between agencies in different countries. The aim of this study was to establish the frequency of OL and UL drug prescription in a sample of patients in a neonatal intensive care unit applying the criteria of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of the United States and the Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA) of Brazil, analysing the differences observed in the results based on the applied criteria. METHODS: Prospective cohort study in neonates admitted for more than 24hours to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of a teaching maternity hospital between August 2017 and July 2018. We obtained information concerning the drugs included in the analysis of OL and UL prescriptions from the DrugDex-Micromedex® and official information on pharmaceutical products in Brazil. We used the kappa correlation coefficient to assess the agreement between the FDA and ANVISA criteria. We defined disagreement as a kappa value of less than 0.200. RESULTS: We evaluated 220 neonates admitted to the NICU and 17,421 items prescribed during the study period. We did not find a difference in the proportion of neonates in which at least 1 drug was prescribed under OL conditions applying the FDA versus the ANVISA criteria (96.4% vs. 98.6%). We found differences between the FDA and ANVISA in the OL classification based on the authorised age of use and indications for prescription, mainly in systemic antimicrobials and cardiovascular drugs. When we compared the prescribing information provided by the FDA and the ANVISA, we found that the criteria of the ANVISA were less specific. CONCLUSIONS: OL and UL drug prescription are frequent in neonatal intensive care applying the criteria of either agency, although the FDA has established more detailed criteria in terms of the ages and indications for which prescription is authorised.


Subject(s)
Intensive Care, Neonatal , Off-Label Use , Brazil , Female , Guidelines as Topic , Hospitals, Teaching , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Pregnancy , Prospective Studies , United States , United States Food and Drug Administration
4.
Gac Sanit ; 34(2): 141-149, 2020.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31014554

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To assess the access to orphan medicines in Spain, focusing on those with an active "orphan" designation, as of 31st December 2017; and for those orphan medicines in the Spanish market, estimate the time between being assigned a National Code (NC) by the Agencia Española de Medicamentos y Productos Sanitarios (AEMPS) and being approved for launch. METHOD: We used the European Commission's Public Register of orphan medicines to identify the orphan medicines authorised by the European Medicines Agency (EMA), as of 31 December 2017, while we sourced expired orphan indications from the EMA's website. Dates when NCs were assigned were sourced from the AEMPS, and commercialisation dates from Bot PLUS. A descriptive analysis of the study variables was done. The quantitative variables were described using means and medians, as well as standard deviations and ranges. The qualitative variables were described according to absolute and relative frequencies. The comparison of results was performed by parametric and non-parametric contrasts according to the applicability, at a 5% significance level. RESULTS: The EMA has approved 100 orphan medicines (with designation as of 31/12/2017) between 2002-2017. Eighty-six have a NC assigned by the AEMPS. Fifty-four have been launched in Spain (representing 54% of the full sample; 63% with NC). For the 53 orphan drugs with launch date in Spain, the median time between receiving its NC and its launch is 13.4 months (standard deviation: 17.0; minimum: 2.1; maximum: 91,7). The median time is 12.4 months and 14.0 months for those medicines launched in Spain between 2002-2013 and 2014-2017 respectively (p = 0.46). This difference is not statistically significant, which is what could be expected given the low numbers of orphan medicines in the "population". CONCLUSION: Complex factors determine the access to orphan drugs in Europe. The centralised procedure to obtain marketing authorisation at European level is a success. However, access is more limited, given the complexities of the evaluation of the available evidence for pricing and reimbursement decisions. It is therefore necessary to implement new policies that reduce inequalities in access and help achieve sustainable healthcare systems. To achieve this, they will need to offer the possibility of allowing earlier access, and using payment by results when there is high uncertainty.


Subject(s)
Drug Approval , Health Services Accessibility , Orphan Drug Production , Rare Diseases/drug therapy , Commerce , Drug Approval/statistics & numerical data , Europe , Humans , Orphan Drug Production/legislation & jurisprudence , Orphan Drug Production/statistics & numerical data , Spain
5.
Gac Med Mex ; 154(6): 716-718, 2018.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30532120

ABSTRACT

Informed consent is an indispensable element to obtain adequate patient participation either in research protocols or in therapeutic design. The Committee of Ethics and Transparency in the Physician-Industry Relationship (CETREMI) of the National Academy of Medicine developed several recommendations for informed consent to be documented.


El consentimiento informado es un elemento indispensable para obtener la adecuada participación del paciente, ya sea en protocolos de investigación o en diseños terapéuticos. El Comité de Ética y Transparencia en la Relación Médico-Industria (CETREMI) de la Academia Nacional de Medicina elaboró varias recomendaciones para documentar el consentimiento informado.


Subject(s)
Informed Consent , Patient Participation , Physicians/organization & administration , Biomedical Research/organization & administration , Ethics, Medical , Human Rights , Humans , Mexico
6.
Gac Sanit ; 30 Suppl 1: 69-73, 2016 Nov.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27837798

ABSTRACT

The public health protection constitutional mandate requires public powers to protect the population from contagious diseases. This requires a legal framework that both protects public health effectively and respects individual rights and freedoms that could be undermined by the public administrations. This article analyses, from a legal perspective, the current legal framework regulating the adoption of health measures to protect public health against contagious diseases. It argues that current regulations generate legal uncertainty on the basis of the wide range of discretionary powers they give to the public administration and the lack of provisions for limiting these powers. As a result, the guarantee mechanisms (primarily judicial consent) only weakly protect the rights and freedoms of the citizens affected by health measures. To conclude, the article proposes several amendments to improve public health regulations related to contagious diseases. The purpose is to render a legal framework that offers more legal certainty, in which it is possible to protect individual rights and freedoms when measures are adopted, without sacrificing the effective protection of public health.


Subject(s)
Civil Rights , Communicable Disease Control , Public Health , Human Rights , Humans
7.
Rev cuba neurol neurocir ; 5(2)jul. 2015. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-76211

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Evaluar en la práctica médica los patrones de uso de nimotuzumab, perfil de seguridad y efectividad en términos de supervivencia en pacientes con gliomas de alto grado de malignidad.Métodos: Se diseñó un estudio de cohorte, prospectivo, multicéntrico longitudinal, en pacientes adultos con confirmación histológica de glioma de nuevo diagnóstico de alto grado de malignidad que recibieran nimotuzumab según las recomendaciones de prescripción. Lospacientes se siguieron durante 3 años. Se colectaron datos sobre modalidades de uso, dosis y tiempo de exposición a nimotuzumab. Los eventos adversos reportados se clasificaron según tipo, intensidad y gravedad y también se evaluó el tiempo de supervivencia en meses.Resultados: Entre Diciembre del 2005 y Agosto del 2012, setenta pacientes recibieron nimotuzumab agrupados según histología en 44 glioblastoma, 24 astrocitoma anaplásico y 2 oligoastrocitoma anaplásico. Todos los pacientes recibieron nimotuzumab en combinación con radioterapia, mayoritariamente concurrente (78,6 por ciento). El resto lo recibió de forma secuencial (21,4 por ciento). Completaron la fase de inducciónplanificada el 94,3 por ciento y continuaron el mantenimiento más allá de 1 año el 21,4 por ciento. El 24,1 por ciento de los eventos se relacionaron con nimotuzumab, siendo los más comunes: fiebre, escalofríos y eritema cutáneo de intensidad ligera y moderada. No se encontró asociaciónentre la toxicidad y modalidad terapéutica, tampoco con el número de dosis recibida. Los pacientes con astrocitoma anaplásico tuvieronuna supervivencia al diagnóstico sobre los 45 meses y con glioblastoma de 14,8 meses, con una tasa de supervivencia a 3 años del 50,8por ciento y 20,2 por ciento respectivamente.Conclusiones: Los resultados de este estudio observacional complementan los descritos en los estudios controlados. Nimotuzumab puede ser una alternativa terapéutica segura, ventajosa y factible como parte del tratamiento convencional en las(AU)


Objective: To evaluate usage patterns for nimotuzumab, safety and effectiveness in terms of survival in patients with high–grade gliomastreated in medical practice.Methods: A cohort prospective, longitudinal, multicenter study was designed in adult patients with histological confirmation of high grademalignant glioma newly diagnosis to receive nimotuzumab according to prescription recommendations. Patients were followed for 3 years.We collected data on patterns of use, dosage and time of exposure to nimotuzumab. Reported adverse events were classified acc ording totype, intensity and seriousness and also it was evaluated the survival time in months.Results: Between December 2005 and August 2012, seventy patients received nimotuzumab grouped according to histology in 44 glioblastoma, 24 astrocytoma, anaplastic and 2 anaplastic oligoastrocytoma. All patients received nimotuzumab in combination with radiation, mostly concurrent (78.6 per cent); the remainder received it sequentially (21.4 per cent). Completed the induction phase planned 94.3 per cent of patients and continued in maintenance beyond 1 year 21.4 per cent. The events related to nimotuzumab were 24.1per cent. The most common were fever, chills, and cutaneous erythema of light and moderate intensity. It was founded no association between toxicity and therapeutic modality, neither with the number of doses received. Patients with anaplastic astrocytoma had a survival at diagnosis over 45 months and with glioblastoma of 14.8 months; with a survival rate at 3 years the 50.8 per cent and 20.2 per cent respectively.Conclusions: The results of this observational study accompaniment those described in controlled studies. Nimotuzumab can be a therapeutic alternative safe, advantageous and feasible as part of conventional treatment in health care conditions(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Glioma/diagnosis , Glioma/radiotherapy , Glioma/surgery , Glioma/therapy , Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage , Antibodies, Monoclonal/adverse effects , Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use , Cohort Studies
8.
Rev. cuba. salud pública ; 37(1): 74-105, ene.-mar. 2011.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-581603

ABSTRACT

El Departamento de Vacunas y Biológicos de la OMS ha desarrollado una herramienta de evaluación para identificar el estado de las funciones básicas en las autoridades reguladoras y tanto la OMS como la OPS, proponen lineamientos para el entrenamiento de las autoridades reguladoras de medicamentos. La función relacionada con la autorización de ensayos clínicos ha sido desarrollada en Cuba y existe la experiencia y calificación pertinente para esta actividad. El propósito es desarrollar entrenamientos para que las autoridades de países en desarrollo, puedan implementar con éxito su función básica en la autorización de ensayos clínicos con vacunas. Se tomaron como fuentes bibliográficas, las referencias de la OMS, la Conferencia Internacional de Armonización, Unión Europea, Consejo de la Organización Internacional de Ciencias Médicas, la Administración de Drogas y Alimentos de los Estados Unidos y otros documentos reguladores de interés. Se describen los cinco indicadores que evalúan el contenido y función de las autoridades reguladoras de medicamentos, sus características y aspectos relevantes a tener en consideración en cada uno de ellos, se brinda un resumen sobre los aspectos esenciales de los estudios clínicos en vacunas según la guía de la OMS así como la experiencia de la autoridad reguladora cubana en la autorización de ensayos clínicos en vacunas y se hace referencia a las modificaciones que actualizan estos indicadores. En resumen la Autoridad Reguladora de Medicamentos es la encargada de garantizar que los medicamentos y en particular las vacunas que se administran a los seres humanos cumplan con la calidad, seguridad y eficacia, conforme los estándares y requerimientos reguladores vigentes de cada país


The Department of Vaccines and Biologics in the World Health Organization has developed an evaluation tool to identify the condition of the regulatory functions and the training of drug regulatory authorities to comply with their functions. This article was intended to provide the drug regulatory agencies from the non-developed countries with the necessary training, so that they can successfully perform their basic function in giving authorization to clinical trials with vaccines. Literature from WHO, the International Conference of Harmonization, the European Union, the Council of the International Organization of Medical Sciences, the US Food and Drug Administration and other regulatory documents of interest was reviewed. Data related to those indicators evaluating the performance of the drug regulatory authorities in giving permission for clinical trials with vaccines were collected and the five indicators assessing the contents and function of these authorities, their characteristics and relevant aspects were described. Furthermore, a summary of the essential aspects of the clinical trials with vaccines according to the WHO guideline as well as the experience of the Cuban regulatory authority in authorizing the conduction of these clinical trials was provided. The Drug Regulatory Authority is the responsible for assuring that vaccines for human beings meet the regulatory requirements of the country in the first place, and then for the research, commercialization or introduction of the vaccine in the National Immunization Program


Subject(s)
Functioning Authorization , Quality of Homeopathic Remedies , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Vaccines
9.
Rev. cuba. salud pública ; 37(1)ene.-mar. 2011.
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-46786

ABSTRACT

El Departamento de Vacunas y Biológicos de la OMS ha desarrollado una herramienta de evaluación para identificar el estado de las funciones básicas en las autoridades reguladoras y tanto la OMS como la OPS, proponen lineamientos para el entrenamiento de las autoridades reguladoras de medicamentos. La función relacionada con la autorización de ensayos clínicos ha sido desarrollada en Cuba y existe la experiencia y calificación pertinente para esta actividad. El propósito es desarrollar entrenamientos para que las autoridades de países en desarrollo, puedan implementar con éxito su función básica en la autorización de ensayos clínicos con vacunas. Se tomaron como fuentes bibliográficas, las referencias de la OMS, la Conferencia Internacional de Armonización, Unión Europea, Consejo de la Organización Internacional de Ciencias Médicas, la Administración de Drogas y Alimentos de los Estados Unidos y otros documentos reguladores de interés. Se describen los cinco indicadores que evalúan el contenido y función de las autoridades reguladoras de medicamentos, sus características y aspectos relevantes a tener en consideración en cada uno de ellos, se brinda un resumen sobre los aspectos esenciales de los estudios clínicos en vacunas según la guía de la OMS así como la experiencia de la autoridad reguladora cubana en la autorización de ensayos clínicos en vacunas y se hace referencia a las modificaciones que actualizan estos indicadores. En resumen la Autoridad Reguladora de Medicamentos es la encargada de garantizar que los medicamentos y en particular las vacunas que se administran a los seres humanos cumplan con la calidad, seguridad y eficacia, conforme los estándares y requerimientos reguladores vigentes de cada país(AU)


The Department of Vaccines and Biologics in the World Health Organization has developed an evaluation tool to identify the condition of the regulatory functions and the training of drug regulatory authorities to comply with their functions. This article was intended to provide the drug regulatory agencies from the non-developed countries with the necessary training, so that they can successfully perform their basic function in giving authorization to clinical trials with vaccines. Literature from WHO, the International Conference of Harmonization, the European Union, the Council of the International Organization of Medical Sciences, the US Food and Drug Administration and other regulatory documents of interest was reviewed. Data related to those indicators evaluating the performance of the drug regulatory authorities in giving permission for clinical trials with vaccines were collected and the five indicators assessing the contents and function of these authorities, their characteristics and relevant aspects were described. Furthermore, a summary of the essential aspects of the clinical trials with vaccines according to the WHO guideline as well as the experience of the Cuban regulatory authority in authorizing the conduction of these clinical trials was provided. The Drug Regulatory Authority is the responsible for assuring that vaccines for human beings meet the regulatory requirements of the country in the first place, and then for the research, commercialization or introduction of the vaccine in the National Immunization Program(AU)


Subject(s)
Quality of Homeopathic Remedies , Functioning Authorization , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Vaccines
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