ABSTRACT
Introducción: La tuberculosis representa la novena causa de muerte en todo el mundo. La infección latente puede reactivarse por situaciones que comprometan la inmunidad del huésped. La tuberculosis pulmonar es la manifestación más frecuente en pacientes inmunodeprimidos. La baciloscopia es la herramienta primaria en el diagnóstico de la tuberculosis pulmonar activa. Objetivos: Determinar la frecuencia de tuberculosis pulmonar con baciloscopia positiva en pacientes inmunocomprometidos que acuden al Servicio de Neumología del Hospital de Clínicas durante el periodo 2018 a 2019. Materiales y métodos: Diseño observacional, descriptivo, transversal, retrospectivo, muestreo no probabilístico de casos consecutivos. Se realizó la revisión de fichas clínicas de pacientes internados en la Cátedra de Neumología del Hospital de Clínicas (2018-2019), registrados en la estadística del servicio. Para el procesamiento y análisis de datos fue utilizada una planilla electrónica precodificada de Microsoft Excel. Resultados: Del total de historias clínicas de pacientes dentro de la población estudiada (n=34), en el 68% de los casos el diagnóstico se estableció mediante baciloscopia, el 65% de ellos con hallazgo tres cruces (+++). Conclusión: La frecuencia de baciloscopia positiva en inmunocomprometidos determinada fue elevada. Aunque se está disminuyendo su uso, es importante seguir practicando este estudio a todos los inmunocomprometidos con síntomas respiratorios debido a su bajo costo y practicidad.
Introduction: Tuberculosis represents the ninth leading cause of death worldwide. Latent infection can be reactivated by situations that compromise host immunity. Pulmonary tuberculosis is the most frequent manifestation in immunocompromised patients. Smear microscopy is the primary tool in the diagnosis of active pulmonary tuberculosis. Objectives: To determine the frequency of smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis in immunocompromised patients attending the Pneumology Service of the Hospital de Clínicas during the period 2018 to 2019. Materials and methods: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective, non-probabilistic sampling of consecutive cases. A review of clinical records of patients admitted to the Department of Pneumology of the Hospital de Clínicas (2018-2019), registered in the statistics department of the service, was performed. A pre-coded Microsoft Excel spreadsheet was used for data processing and analysis. Results: Of the total patient medical records within the studied population (n=34), in 68% of the cases the diagnosis was established by smear microscopy, 65% of them with finding three crosses (+++). Conclusion: The frequency of positive smear microscopy in immunocompromised patients was high. Although its use is decreasing, it is important to continue performing this study in all immunocompromised patients with respiratory symptoms due to its low cost and practicality.
Subject(s)
Tuberculosis , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary , Patients , Immunocompromised Host/immunologyABSTRACT
Resumen: Introducción: La tuberculosis pulmonar es un problema de salud pública a nivel mundial. En Uruguay, la incidencia de esta enfermedad está en aumento. El tabaquismo es factor de riesgo para desarrollar tuberculosis y se asocia a negativización más tardía de las baciloscopías. Localmente, no hay estudios previos sobre la relación entre tuberculosis y tabaquismo. Los objetivos del trabajo son caracterizar a la población con diagnóstico de tuberculosis pulmonar en relación a su estatus tabáquico y establecer el efecto del tabaquismo en la negativización de las baciloscopías. Metodología: Estudio analítico, observacional, retrospectivo de cohortes, utilizando los datos del 2018 recabados por la Comisión Honoraria para la Lucha Antituberculosa y Enfermedades Prevalentes. Resultados: se analizaron 918 individuos. La frecuencia de fumadores fue de 5,7%, el 94,3% restante no registraban su estatus tabáquico específicamente sino en conjunto con otras drogas. Entre los varones 29,8% consumían drogas o tabaco, mientras que en las mujeres el porcentaje alcanzó 16,2%. Las personas alcoholistas fumaban con mayor frecuencia. Los individuos vulnerables socioeconómicamente tuvieron mayor frecuencia de consumo de drogas y tabaco. Los no fumadores tuvieron más baciloscopías negativas a los 6 meses, Odds Ratio (OR): 2,030; IC 95% (1,028 - 4,007). Conclusiones: La menor frecuencia de tabaquismo entre los pacientes con tuberculosis se debió probablemente a subregistro. Fumar es un factor de riesgo para persistencia de baciloscopías positivas por mayor tiempo. La vulnerabilidad socioeconómica asocia mayor frecuencia de consumo de drogas y tabaco entre las personas con tuberculosis.
Abstract: Introduction: Tuberculosis is a global public health problem. In Uruguay its incidence is increasing currently. Smoking is a risk factor to develop tuberculosis. It is also associated with lower negativization rates of bacilloscopies. This study evaluated the relationship between tuberculosis and smoking status in Uruguay. The objetives was to characterize the study population with diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis according to smoking status and to establish the association between smoking and the negativization of the bacilloscopies. Methodology: An analytical, observational, retrospective cohort study was performed, using the data from 2018 of the Comisión Honoraria para la Lucha Antituberculosa y Enfermedades Prevalentes. Results: 918 subject data were analyzed. The frequency of smoking was 5,7% and 94,3% had no smoking status specifically reported. Among men, 29,8% of subjects were drugs and tobacco users, while it reached 16,2% among women. Non-smokers had double chance of having negative bacilloscopies at 6 months of treatment compared to smokers, OR: 2,030; IC 95% (1,028-4,007). Alcohol users were found to smoke more. Deprived individuals had higher frequency of drugs and tobacco use. Conclusions: the lower frequency of smoking found in patients with tuberculosis was due to underreporting. Smoking could be a risk factor for longer periods until biological cures. Socioeconomic vulnerabilty is associated to greater frequency of drugs and tobacco use among people with tuberculosis.
Resumo: Introdução: A tuberculose pulmonar é um problema de saúde pública em todo o mundo. No Uruguai, a incidência desta doença está aumentando. O tabagismo é um fator de risco para o desenvolvimento de tuberculose e está associado à negativização posterior das baciloscopias. Localmente, não há registros anteriores da relação entre TBP e tabagismo. Este estudo busca demonstrar essa associação. Los objetivos caracterizar a população com diagnóstico de tuberculose pulmonar em relação ao tabagismo; descrever características demográficas e comorbidades; e estabelecer o efeito do tabagismo na negativização da baciloscopia. Método: Foi realizado um estudo analítico, observacional e retrospectivo de coorte, utilizando os dados de 2018 coletados pela Comissão Honorária de Combate à Tuberculose e Doenças Prevalentes. Resultados: Foram selecionados 918 indivíduos. A frequência de fumantes foi de 5,7%, os restantes 94,3% não registraram o tabagismo. 29,8% dos homes eram usuarios de drogas e tabaco. Os não fumantes tiveram duas vezes mais chances de ter baciloscopias negativas em 6 meses de tratamento. Os alcoólatras fumavam mais. Indivíduos socioeconomicamente vulneráveis apresentaram maior frequência de uso de drogas e tabaco. Os não fumantes tiveram mais baciloscopia negativa em 6 meses, Odds Ratio (OR): 2.030; IC de 95% (1,028 - 4,007). Conclusões: A menor frequência de tabagismo entre os pacientes com tuberculose deve-se à subnotificação. Fumar seria um fator de risco para persistência de baciloscopías positivas por mais tempo. A vulnerabilidade socioeconômica está associada a uma maior frequência de tuberculose, uso de drogas e tabaco.
ABSTRACT
Introdução: o diagnóstico clínico da hanseníase em crianças é particularmente difícil. Relato de Caso: crianças gêmeas bivitelinas, com três anos de idade, eram contactantes de pai com hanseníase Virchowiana. Os dois pacientes têm lesões cutâneas bem definidas e irregulares, anteriormente tratadas como micoses e uma cicatriz de BCG. Foram confirmados positivos para Mycobacterium por análise histopatológica da pele. Discussão: especialmente, com menos de cinco anos, os diagnósticos de hanseníase são raros e difíceis porque simulam outras doenças. Esses diagnósticos são alarmes epidemiológicos para áreas endêmicas e mostram a importância dos sintomas em crianças e o rastreamento nos contactantes dos pacientes.
Introduction: the clinical diagnosis of leprosy in children is particularly difficult. Case Report: fraternal twins, three years old, were in contact with a father with Virchowian leprosy. Both patients have well-defined and irregular skin lesions previously treated as mycoses and a BCG scar. They were confirmed positive for Mycobacterium by histopathological analysis of the skin. Discussion:especially, with less than five years, leprosy diagnoses are rare and difficult because they simulate other diseases. These diagnoses are epidemiological alarms for endemic areas and show the importance of symptoms in children and tracking of patients' contacts.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Early Diagnosis , Leprosy/diagnosis , Leprosy/pathology , Leprosy/transmission , Contact Tracing , Diseases in Twins , Leprosy/microbiology , Leprosy/prevention & control , Mycobacterium leprae/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Pulmonary mycoses resemble clinically and radiologically chronic pulmonary tuberculosis. Studies describing the prevalence, etiology and clinical features of pulmonary mycosis are of crucial importance in the Brazilian Amazon. AIMS: To estimate the frequency of pulmonary mycoses in smear-negative tuberculosis patients; to describe their demographic, epidemiological, and clinical characteristics; and to evaluate diagnostic methods. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted at two tuberculosis reference institutions in Amazonas, Brazil. We included 213 patients and collected clinical data, blood and induced sputum to perform serological, direct microscopy, microbiologic culture and PCR-based assays to identify infections caused by Aspergillus fumigatus, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, Histoplasma capsulatum, Cryptococcus, and HIV. Chest computed tomography was also performed. RESULTS: Pulmonary mycoses were diagnosed in 7% (15/213) of the cases, comprising ten aspergillosis cases, three cases of paracoccidioidomycosis and one case each of histoplasmosis and cryptococcosis. Among the patients with pulmonary mycoses, 86.7% were former tuberculosis patients. The most significant clinical characteristics associated with pulmonary mycoses were cavity-shaped lung injuries, prolonged chronic cough and hemoptysis. CONCLUSIONS: Our study confirmed the high prevalence of pulmonary mycoses in smear-negative tuberculosis patients in the Brazilian Amazon.
Subject(s)
Mycoses , Tuberculosis , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Humans , PrevalenceABSTRACT
INTRODUCCIÓN: Tuberculosis (TBC) sigue siendo la segunda causa de muerte por una enfermedad infecto-contagiosa después del síndrome de inmunodeficiencia humana adquirida (SIDA). Actualmente, el escenario de técnicas y metodologías de laboratorio para la identificación y drogo-sensibilidad está cambiando gradualmente. Se han recomendado e introducido ensayos rápidos basados en la amplificación de ácidos nucleicos (NAAT's) que se desarrollan mediante la reacción de polimerasa en cadena (RPC). Bajo este principio, se destaca spoligotyping -una herramienta de genotipificación y epidemiología molecular en TBC- estandarizada a partir de aislados bacterianos, que permite el estudio del genoma de Mycobacterium mediante la amplificación de 43 secuencias cortas no repetitivas, localizadas en la región de repetición directa (RD1). OBJETIVO: Evaluación de spoligotyping a partir de baciloscopías, como una opción independiente de cultivo, para la caracterización de Mycobacterium tuberculosis a partir de muestras de esputo en pacientes del Instituto Nacional Cardiopulmonar de Tegucigalpa, Honduras. MÉTODO: De 37 pacientes con cultivo (y baciloscopía) positivos para M. tuberculosis, se obtuvieron 50 muestras de expectoración. Se realizó estudio microbiológico y molecular en muestras respiratorias conteniendo ADN de micobacterias, a partir de baciloscopías, concentrados y cultivo, para la identificación y análisis genotípico a través de la técnica de spoligotyping. RESULTADOS: El spoligotyping fue positivo en 37/37 de muestras de cultivo positivo (S: 100%), en 36/37 (S: 97,3%) de muestras con baciloscopía positiva y en 6/10 (S: 60%) de muestras de concentrado de esputo. La intensidad de la baciloscopía positiva tuvo una relación directa con la sensibilidad de spoligotyping. DISCUSIÓN: El fusionar el potencial de una herramienta útil en epidemiología molecular para analizar muestras de ADN proveniente de baciloscopías, visualiza una plataforma diagnóstica y genotípica para países en vías de desarrollo como una alternativa innovadora y altamente sensible en la hibridación de oligonucleótidos específicos a partir material genético en baciloscopías (P+, P++, P+++), pero requiere mejorar la concordancia entre patrones genéticos obtenidos, comparables con el uso estandarizado de aislados de cepas de M. tuberculosis.
BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) remains as the second cause of death by an infectious disease preceded by the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Currently, laboratory techniques and methodologies of diagnosis and drug susceptibility testing are constantly changing. Therefore, it has been recommended the introduction of rapid assays based on the amplification of nucleic acids test (NAAT's) through a polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Based on this principle, outstands spoligotyping - as a genotype and molecular epidemiology tool in tuberculosis - it is standardized to use isolated bacteria for the study of Mycobacterium genome through the amplification of 43 non-repetitive sequences, located at the direct repetitive region 1 (RD1). AIM Evaluation of spoligotyping from acid fast staining smears as an independent option from bacterial isolation to characterize Mycobacterium tuberculosis by using sputum samples from TB patients from National Cardiopulmonary Institute in Tegucigalpa, Honduras. METHOD: Of 37 patients with positive culture (and smear microscopy) for M. tuberculosis, 50 expectoration samples were obtained. Microbiological and molecular tests were performed in respiratory samples containing mycobacterial DNA from sputum smears, concentrates and solid culture, for identification and genotype analysis by spoligotyping technique. RESULTS: Spoligotyping was positive in 37/37 of positive culture samples (S: 100%), in 36/37 (S: 97.3%) of smear-positive samples and in 6/10 (S: 60%) of concentrate samples sputum. The intensity of positive smear microscopy had a direct relationship with the sensitivity of spoligotyping. DISCUSSION: This study combined the potential of a molecular epidemiology tool to analyse DNA from sputum samples in smears acid fast staining, it visualizes diagnosis and genotyping platform in developing countries gathering innovation and high sensitivity in the hibridization of specific olignonucleotides from positive smears (P+, P++, P+++). However, the low specificity showed the need to improve better agreement among genetic patterns compared to the standardized bacterial isolation from M. tuberculosis strains.
Subject(s)
Humans , Tuberculosis/diagnosis , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genetics , Sputum , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Sensitivity and Specificity , GenotypeABSTRACT
RESUMEN Introducción: hace más de un siglo, Robert Koch identificó el microorganismo que causa la tuberculosis en el hombre, el Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Sin embargo, aún constituye un grave problema epidemiológico a nivel mundial. Se presentó un estudio realizado en los pacientes ingresados en el Servicio de Infeccioso del Hospital Regional de Malabo. Objetivo: caracterizar los pacientes con tuberculosis ingresados en la primera fase de tratamiento antituberculoso. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo de los pacientes ingresados en el Servicio de Tratamiento de Infecciosos del Hospital Regional de Malabo. Periodo correspondiente a los meses de enero a julio del 2016. El universo fue 172 pacientes con diagnóstico de tuberculosis en todas sus formas clínicas. Los datos se obtuvieron en las historias clínicas. Resultados: predominó el sexo masculino en el 57,5 % de los pacientes y el grupo etáreo de 25 a 34 años con el 33,7 %. La baciloscopia negativa representó el 67,9 % de los casos y el estado nutricional más frecuente fue el bajo peso con 50,09 %. La tuberculosis en su forma pulmonar predominó en el 95,9 % de los pacientes. El 65,6 % de los pacientes fueron VIH negativos. La mejoría clínico radiológica al terminar el tratamiento fue de un 87,7 %. Conclusiones: el 57,5 % de los pacientes fueron masculinos entre 25 y 34 años de edad. Predominó la Baciloscopia negativa y la tuberculosis en su forma pulmonar. La mejoría clínica radiológica fue superior al terminar el tratamiento (AU).
ABSTRACT Introduction: More than a century ago, Robert Koch identified the microorganism causing tuberculosis in people: Mycobacterium tuberculosis. But it is still a serious epidemiologic problem around the world. The authors presented a study carried out in patients admitted in the Infectious Service of the Regional Hospital of Malabo. Objective: to characterize the patients with tuberculosis admitted in the first stage of the anti-tuberculosis treatment. Materials and methods: a descriptive, retrospective study was carried out on the patients who were admitted in the Infectious Service of the Regional Hospital of Malabo in the period from January to July 2016. The universe were 172 patients with diagnosis of tuberculosis in all its clinical forms. Data were gathered from the clinical records. Results: male sex predominated in 57.5 % of the patients as it also did the 25-34 years-old age group with 33.7 %. Negative sputum smear represented 67.9 % of the cases and the most frequent nutritional status was the low weight with 50.9 %. Tuberculosis in its pulmonary form predominated in 95.9 % of the patients. 65.6 % of the patients were HIV negative. The clinical radiological improvement at the end of the treatment was 87.7 %. Conclusions: 57.5 % of the patients were male aged 25-34 years old. Negative sputum smear and the pulmonary form of tuberculosis predominated. The clinical radiological improvement was higher at the end of the treatment (AU).
Subject(s)
Humans , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/epidemiology , Comprehensive Health Care , Hospital Care , Health Policy , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/drug therapy , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
La tuberculosis en una enfermedad infectocontagiosa, que puede cursar sin síntomas en personas sanas. El objetivo de esta investigación se basó en, analizar la relación entre las pruebas bacteriológicas, inmunológica y las radiografías de tórax y comorbilidad más frecuente en pacientes que fueron diagnosticados con tuberculosis pulmonar. Se planteó un estudio transversal analítico, se realizó una revisión de la base de datos de vigilancia epidemiológica de El Salvador de los años 2015 al 2017 del Hospital Nacional General y de Psiquiatría "Dr. José Molina Martínez"; se realizó revisión de expedientes clínicos de cada paciente para establecer las características sociodemográficas de la población y recolectar información de los resultados de las pruebas diagnósticas realizadas. Pacientes que cumplieron criterios de inclusión n=37. La información se procesó en Epi Info 4.2. Los resultados establecen que: Rayos X de tórax positivos en un 86%, prueba de baciloscopia positiva en el 62%, prueba GeneXpert positiva en el 58%; y el derivado proteico purificado (PPD) positivo en el 100% de los pacientes. Al analizar la asociación de variables se utilizó Prueba exacta de Fisher, la asociación entre Rayos X de tórax y baciloscopia da un OR de 22 con p<0.05 (p=0.016); y entre PPD y Rayos X de tórax se obtiene p<0.001 (p=0.001) El resto de las pruebas como el cultivo LJ y el GeneXpert no tuvieron asociación significativa. La prueba bacteriológica que más se asocia con los resultados radiológicos positivos es la baciloscopia y le sigue la PPD
Subject(s)
Humans , TuberculosisABSTRACT
El examen de la flema (baciloscopia) consiste en la recolección de muestras de flema (esputo) que se expulsan desde los pulmones. La muestra de flema se recolecta en frascos trasparentes con tapa de rosca.
The phlegm test (smear microscopy) involves collecting samples of phlegm (sputum) that are expelled from the lungs. The phlegm sample is collected in clear, screw-capped bottles.
Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Tuberculosis , Sputum , Tuberculosis, PulmonaryABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: Caracterizar los pacientes con diagnóstico de recaídas de tuberculosis, de los Establecimientos de salud, Región Sanitaria Metropolitana Distrito Central Tegucigalpa, Honduras, años 2015-2016. DISEÑO: Estudio descriptivo, en los establecimientos de salud, el universo es de 35 pacientes, muestra de 22 casos BK positivos años 2015-2016. Las principales variables: edad, sexo, control de baciloscopías, cumplimiento de tratamiento, y condición de egreso. RESULTADOS: La media de edad es de 48,3 con ± 12.5 años, el de menor edad 27 y mayor edad de 74 años, el 31,8% en edades de 35 a 44 años y de 45 a 54 años el 36,4%; predominio del sexo masculino (86%), procedentes de zona urbana el 55%, el 45,5% sin empleo y los que desarrollan actividades laborales son panaderos, vendedores ambulantes, camionero, las redes de salud que mayor registran casos son Las Crucitas, Zambrano, El Sitio. La comorbilidad se registra VIH, Hipertensión arterial, diabetes, Cáncer, otros factores son el alcoholismo, privados de libertad. El cumplimiento de la baciloscopía el 63,6% en el segundo mes y el 40,9% en el quinto mes y al finalizar el tratamiento en el esquema básico primario; el cumplimiento del tratamiento el 40,9% en la primera fase y el 36,4% en la segunda fase. Los meses de tratamiento recibido del esquema básico primario el 4,5% dos meses y el 45,5% al sexto mes. Los controles de BAAR en el esquema básico secundario se cumple el 90,9% en el 3er y 5to mes y al finalizar el 8,8%. La tasa de curación de esquema básico secundario es de 86,4%. CONCLUSIONES: Hay debilidades en el cumplimiento según la normativa de control de Tuberculosis, en la realización de control bacilíferos en el esquema básico primario y secundario. Asimismo, en el cumplimiento de los esquemas según el tiempo establecido; algunos de ellos prolongado a más de seis meses en el esquema primario; la tasa de curación es inferior a la que se establece en la normativa de control de Tuberculosis
Subject(s)
Humans , Patient Dropouts , Plant Tubers , Epidemiology , Epidemiology, DescriptiveABSTRACT
Introducción: la tuberculosis es la más antigua de las pandemias y causa alrededor de 1,7 millones de muertes y 9 millones de casos nuevos cada año. Objetivo: determinar el comportamiento epidemiológico de la tuberculosis en el municipio Matanzas. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo retrospectivo en el período comprendido entre enero 2010 a diciembre del 2014. Se tomó como universo el total de 42 pacientes con diagnóstico de tuberculosis en todas sus formas. Se trabajó con el total del universo. Resultados: en cuanto a incidencia existió una tendencia a su disminución en el municipio de Matanzas, siendo el área de salud más afectada el área de Contreras con 11 casos para un 53,8 %. El mayor número de sintomáticos respiratorios de más de 14 días se encontró en el año 2011 con 2739 pacientes, el mayor número de ellos del área de salud de Policlínico Docente "José Jacinto Milanés" con 814. Conclusiones: predominó del número de casos de tuberculosis con baciloscopía positiva con un 61 %, de ellos más de la mitad fue diagnosticado en la atención secundaria, traduciendo una falla del programa. El 89,8 % de los pacientes presentó localización pulmonar con amplio predominio de la misma (AU).
Introduction: tuberculosis is the eldest of the pandemic diseases and causes almost 1.7 million deaths and nine millions of new cases every year. Objective: to determine the epidemiologic behavior of tuberculosis in the municipality of Matanzas. Materials and methods: a retrospective, descriptive, observational study was carried out in the period from January 2010 to December 2014. The universe were the total of 42 patients with diagnosis of tuberculosis in all its forms. All of them were included in the study. Results: It was found a tendency to a decrease of tuberculosis in the municipality of Matanzas, being the most affected health area the Contreras one, with 11 cases, for 52.8 %. The highest number of symptomatic patients of more than 14 days was found in 2011, with 2 739, most of them from the health area of the Teaching Policlinic "José Jacinto Milanés", with 814 patients. Conclusions: the number of tuberculosis cases with positive sputum smears predominated for 61 %. More than half of them were diagnosed in the secondary health care, showing a program failure. 89.8 % of the patients had pulmonary location with a wide predominance of it (AU).
Subject(s)
Humans , Signs and Symptoms, Respiratory , Tuberculosis/epidemiology , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/epidemiology , Risk Factors , Morbidity , Developed Countries/statistics & numerical data , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Retrospective Studies , Cuba/epidemiology , Developing Countries/statistics & numerical data , Delivery of Health Care , Observational Studies as Topic , Tuberculosis/diagnosis , Tuberculosis/mortality , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/diagnosisABSTRACT
Introducción: la tuberculosis es la más antigua de las pandemias y causa alrededor de 1,7 millones de muertes y 9 millones de casos nuevos cada año. Objetivo: determinar el comportamiento epidemiológico de la tuberculosis en el municipio Matanzas. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo retrospectivo en el período comprendido entre enero 2010 a diciembre del 2014. Se tomó como universo el total de 42 pacientes con diagnóstico de tuberculosis en todas sus formas. Se trabajó con el total del universo. Resultados: en cuanto a incidencia existió una tendencia a su disminución en el municipio de Matanzas, siendo el área de salud más afectada el área de Contreras con 11 casos para un 53,8 %. El mayor número de sintomáticos respiratorios de más de 14 días se encontró en el año 2011 con 2739 pacientes, el mayor número de ellos del área de salud de Policlínico Docente "José Jacinto Milanés" con 814. Conclusiones: predominó del número de casos de tuberculosis con baciloscopía positiva con un 61 %, de ellos más de la mitad fue diagnosticado en la atención secundaria, traduciendo una falla del programa. El 89,8 % de los pacientes presentó localización pulmonar con amplio predominio de la misma (AU).
Introduction: tuberculosis is the eldest of the pandemic diseases and causes almost 1.7 million deaths and nine millions of new cases every year. Objective: to determine the epidemiologic behavior of tuberculosis in the municipality of Matanzas. Materials and methods: a retrospective, descriptive, observational study was carried out in the period from January 2010 to December 2014. The universe were the total of 42 patients with diagnosis of tuberculosis in all its forms. All of them were included in the study. Results: It was found a tendency to a decrease of tuberculosis in the municipality of Matanzas, being the most affected health area the Contreras one, with 11 cases, for 52.8 %. The highest number of symptomatic patients of more than 14 days was found in 2011, with 2 739, most of them from the health area of the Teaching Policlinic "José Jacinto Milanés", with 814 patients. Conclusions: the number of tuberculosis cases with positive sputum smears predominated for 61 %. More than half of them were diagnosed in the secondary health care, showing a program failure. 89.8 % of the patients had pulmonary location with a wide predominance of it (AU).
Subject(s)
Humans , Signs and Symptoms, Respiratory , Tuberculosis/epidemiology , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/epidemiology , Risk Factors , Morbidity , Tuberculosis/diagnosis , Tuberculosis/mortality , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/diagnosis , Developed Countries/statistics & numerical data , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Retrospective Studies , Cuba/epidemiology , Developing Countries/statistics & numerical data , Delivery of Health Care , Observational Studies as TopicABSTRACT
Introdução: A Hanseníase é uma doença infecciosa crônica causada pelo Mycobacterium leprae, também chamado de bacilo de Hansen. Em Santa Catarina, atualmente há baixos índices de morbidade decorrente de ações efetivas de combate à doença nos últimos vinte anos. Porém existem poucos estudos publicados que avaliem esses indicadores no estado em geral. Objetivos: Avaliar aspectos sociodemográficos e epidemiológicos da evolução da hanseníase no Estado de Santa Catarina, entre os anos de 2001 e 2015. Métodos: Estudo observacional do tipo ecológico, descritivo e analítico. Foram estudadas as características clínicas e epidemiológicas dos pacientes diagnosticados e notificados com hanseníase em Santa Catarina no período de 2001 a 2015. Resultados: No período avaliado, 3605 casos da doença foram notificados no estado. Dentre esses, a maior taxa de incidência da doença ocorreu em 2004, de 5,03/100.000 hab, e a menor em 2015, de 2,42/100.000 hab. A macrorregião que apresentou maior número de casos novos foi o Extremo Oeste, seguida do Planalto Norte. A maioria dos pacientes era do sexo masculino, correspondendo 57,82% dos casos e a faixa etária mais acometida foi dos 40 aos 59 anos de idade. Conclusão: É fundamental que medidas como a implementação de programas e estratégias de educação em saúde, sejam mantidas e aperfeiçoadas afim de reduzir cada vez mais as taxas de incidência da doença no Brasil e preconizar o seu diagnóstico precoce para se evitar o surgimento de possíveis sequelas e complicações.
Introduction: Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, also called Hansen's bacillus. In Santa Catarina, there are currently low morbidity rates due to effective actions to combat the disease in the last twenty years. However, there are few published studies that evaluate these indicators in the state in general. Objectives: To evaluate sociodemographic and epidemiological aspects of leprosy evolution in the State of Santa Catarina, between 2001 and 2015. Methods: Observational ecological, descriptive and analytical study. The clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the patients diagnosed and reported with leprosy in Santa Catarina from 2001 to 2015 were studied. Results: During the period evaluated, 3605 cases of the disease were reported in the state. Among these, the highest incidence rate of the disease occurred in 2004, from 5.03 / 100,000 inhabitants, and the lowest in 2015, from 2.42 / 100,000 inhabitants. The macro-region that presented the highest number of new cases was the Far West, followed by the North Plateau. The majority of the patients were male, 57.82% of the cases and the most affected age group was 40 to 59 years of age. Conclusion: It is fundamental that measures such as the implementation of health education programs and strategies be maintained and improved in order to reduce the incidence rates of the disease in Brazil and recommend its early diagnosis to avoid the appearance of possible sequelae and complications.
ABSTRACT
Introdução: O diagnóstico rápido e preciso da tuberculose (TB) e o início precoce do tratamento são fatores de grande importância para reduzir e minimizar o risco de contágio pelo Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Nesse contexto, as principais metodologias empregadas no Brasil para o diagnóstico da TB são os testes de baciloscopia e de cultura. Objetivo: O presente estudo tem como objetivo descrever os resultados de três técnicas laboratoriais para o diagnóstico da TB pulmonar. Métodos: Foram analisados dados de baciloscopias e culturas de 10.418 prontuários de pacientes de ambos os sexos, diferentes idades e locais de residência, no período de janeiro de 2011 a junho de 2014. Resultados: Foram analisados os prontuários de 284 pacientes com resultado positivo para o Complexo Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (CMTB). Dos 284 pacientes positivos para o CMTB, 210 apresentaram BAAR positivos (73,9%) e 74 negativos (26,1%). Nos cultivos em meio LJ, 255 amostras foram positivas (89,7%) e 29 negativas (10,3%), enquanto no meio de cultivo líquido Bactec MGIT® a positividade foi de 276 (97,1%) e 8 negativas (2,9 %). Conclusões: Observou-se que a identificação de BAAR em exame direto continua a ser de suma importância no diagnóstico precoce da TB. Os métodos de cultura, principalmente o sistema Bactec-MGIT®, mostraram neste estudo um incremento de 23,2% no diagnóstico da TB pulmonar. (AU)
Introduction: The rapid and accurate diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) and early treatment are very important factors to reduce and minimize the risk of infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In this context the main methodologies used in Brazil for the diagnosis of TB are smear tests and culture. Objective: This study aimed to describe the results of three laboratory techniques for the diagnosis of pulmonary TB. Methods: Sputum smear and culture data from 10,418 records of patients of both sexes, different ages and places of residence, from January 2011 to June 2014 were analyzed. Results: We analyzed the results of 284 patients with positive report for Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex (CMTB). Of the 284 positive patients, 210 were positive AFB (73.9%) and 74 were negative (26.1%). In the culture medium LJ, 255 samples were positive (89.7%) and 29 negative (10.3%), while in the liquid Bactec MGIT® cultivation, 276 were positive (97.1%) and 8 were negative (2.9%). Conclusions: It was observed that the identification of acid-fast bacilli on direct examination continues to be of paramount importance in the early diagnosis of TB. The methods of culture, especially the Bactec-MGIT® system, showed in this study an increase of 23.2% in the diagnosis of pulmonary TB. (AU)
Subject(s)
Tuberculosis , MycobacteriumABSTRACT
Introducción: la tuberculosis continúa siendo un problema de salud pública en Ecuador, a pesar de que existe una disminución de los indicadores epidemiológicos. Objetivo: caracterizar el comportamiento de la tuberculosis distrito de salud 15D01, Provincia de Napo, Ecuador durante los años 2005-2014. Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, de corte transversal de todos los casos diagnosticado con Tuberculosis en el Distrito 15D01, de la provincia de Napo, en Ecuador. El universo de estudio se constituyó por todos los casos de Tuberculosis, diagnosticados en los años 2005 al 2014 en la provincia de Napo. La muestra se conformó por el total de pacientes diagnosticados en estos años. Se revisaron bases de datos registradas en el departamento de estadística del Distrito de salud 15D01 que constituyeron la fuente primaria de datos Resultados: El año de mayor incidencia de la enfermedad fue el 2013 con el 19,6 por ciento del total de casos diagnosticados, representado con un m mayor número de casos reportados del sexo masculino y según la localización predominan los casos con baciloscopia positiva en los centros de salud de Paushiyacu y Archidona(AU)
Background: Tuberculosis remains a public health problem in Ecuador, although there is a decline in epidemiological indicators. Objective: To characterize the behavior of TB health district 15D01, Napo Provincia, Ecuador during 2005-2014. Method: A retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study of all cases diagnosed with TB in the 15D01 District of the provincia of Napo in Ecuador was performed. The study universe was constituted by all TB cases diagnosed in 2005 to 2014 in the provincia of Napo. The sample was composed by the total of patients diagnosed in recent years. Databases registered in the department of health statistics District 15D01 that constituted the primary source of data were reviewed Results: The year of highest incidence of the disease was in 2013 with 19.6 percent of all diagnosed cases represented a m highest number of cases reported male and by location predominate smear-positive cases in the centers Paushiyacu health and Archidona(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Ecuador , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Introducción: La baciloscopia es la herramienta primaria en el diagnóstico de la tuberculosis (TBC) pulmonar activa, siendo esta la técnica más utilizada internacionalmente en la búsqueda de casos infecciosos. El control de calidad consiste en la relectura de las láminas por un observador altamente calificado. Objetivo: Evaluar y destacar la importancia del control de la calidad de la baciloscopia en los laboratorios provinciales encargados del diagnóstico de TBC en Cuba. Material y Métodos: Este estudio fue realizado en el Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia e Investigaciones de Tuberculosis, Lepra y Micobacterias del Instituto de Medicina Tropical "Pedro Kourí", La Habana, Cuba. Fueron evaluadas 2.676 láminas recibidas en el período de enero de 2013-diciembre de 2014, procedentes de los diferentes Centros Provinciales de Higiene, Epidemiología y Microbiología de Cuba, incluido el Municipio Especial Isla de la Juventud. Resultados: Hubo 2.664 (99,5%) láminas concordantes, la concordancia obtenida para las láminas positivas fue 96,5% y las negativas 99,8%. Se identificaron 12 errores de lectura: 7 (3,5%) falsos positivos, 5 (0,2%) falsos negativos. Se calificaron láminas con calidad de la muestra adecuada en 2.039 (76,2%), presentaron deficiencias en la realización de la extensión 1.464 (54,7%), y la tinción fue adecuada en 2.343 (87,6%). El índice de kappa fue de 0.9674. Conclusión: Aunque hubo una adecuada concordancia entre las observaciones realizadas, se recomienda mejorar la calidad del extendido, mantener programa de entrenamiento al personal que realiza esta actividad, al igual que las supervisiones periódicas por parte de especialistas, para continuar mejorando la calidad del diagnóstico.
Background: Baciloscopy is the primary tool for pulmonary tuberculosis diagnosis, being this technique the most used internationally in the search for infectious cases. Quality control is the process of the rechecking smears by a highly qualified observer. Aim: To evaluate and highlight the importance of quality control of smear microscopy in the Provincial Laboratories diagnosticians of Tuberculosis in Cuba. Methods: This study was conducted at the National Reference Laboratory and Research in Tuberculosis, Leprosy and Mycobacteria in the Institute of Tropical Medicine "Pedro Kouri", Havana, Cuba, Were evaluated 2676 smears received from January 2013 to December 2014, from Provincial Centers of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Microbiology of Cuba, including the special municipality Isla de la Juventud. Results: 2,664 (99.5%) were concordant smears, the correlation obtained for the positive smears were 96.5% and 99.8% for negative. Were identified12 reading errors: 7 (3.5%) false positive and 5 (0.2%) false negatives. Slides were classified with adequate quality of smears in 2039 (76.2%), showed difficulties in realizing the extension in 1464 (54.7%) and staining were adequate in 2343 (87.6%). The kappa index was 0.9674. Conclusion: Although there was good agreement between observations it is recommended to improve the quality of extended, maintain staff training program that performs this activity, like regular supervision by specialists, to further improve the quality of diagnosis.
Subject(s)
Humans , Quality Control , Sputum/microbiology , Tuberculosis/diagnosis , Microscopy/standards , Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Reference Standards , Staining and Labeling/methods , Predictive Value of Tests , Cuba , Diagnostic ErrorsABSTRACT
Introducción: la tuberculosis continúa siendo un problema de salud pública en Ecuador, a pesar de que existe una disminución de los indicadores epidemiológicos. Objetivo: caracterizar el comportamiento de la tuberculosis distrito de salud 15D01, Provincia de Napo, Ecuador durante los años 2005-2014. Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, de corte transversal de todos los casos diagnosticado con Tuberculosis en el Distrito 15D01, de la provincia de Napo, en Ecuador. El universo de estudio se constituyó por todos los casos de Tuberculosis, diagnosticados en los años 2005 al 2014 en la provincia de Napo. La muestra se conformó por el total de pacientes diagnosticados en estos años. Se revisaron bases de datos registradas en el departamento de estadística del Distrito de salud 15D01 que constituyeron la fuente primaria de datos Resultados: El año de mayor incidencia de la enfermedad fue el 2013 con el 19,6 por ciento del total de casos diagnosticados, representado con un m mayor número de casos reportados del sexo masculino y según la localización predominan los casos con baciloscopia positiva en los centros de salud de Paushiyacu y Archidona(AU)
Background: Tuberculosis remains a public health problem in Ecuador, although there is a decline in epidemiological indicators. Objective: To characterize the behavior of TB health district 15D01, Napo Provincia, Ecuador during 2005-2014. Method: A retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study of all cases diagnosed with TB in the 15D01 District of the provincia of Napo in Ecuador was performed. The study universe was constituted by all TB cases diagnosed in 2005 to 2014 in the provincia of Napo. The sample was composed by the total of patients diagnosed in recent years. Databases registered in the department of health statistics District 15D01 that constituted the primary source of data were reviewed Results: The year of highest incidence of the disease was in 2013 with 19.6 percent of all diagnosed cases represented a m highest number of cases reported male and by location predominate smear-positive cases in the centers Paushiyacu health and Archidona(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Tuberculosis , Cross-Sectional Studies , Ecuador , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
El presente estudio se realizó para Valorar la aplicación de la norma nacional delcomponente de TB pulmonar en 4 establecimientos de salud en la RegiónSanitaria Metropolitana en la cohorte 2014 2015. MATERIAL y MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, en cuatro establecimientos de salud, el universo es de 55 pacientes BK positivos de la Cohorte 2014-2015. Las principales variables: Taes, Tuberculosis, edad, sexo, tiempo, baciloscopías, tratamiento, recaída, curación, abandono, fracaso, tratamiento terminado. RESULTADOS: De los 55 pacientes BK positivos: 12 no tuvieron seguimientos debaciloscopía según norma, algunos de los registros de pacientes no se encuentran consignados en el sistema oficial local, regional y nacional de estadísticas, lamortalidad y abandono pasan lo permitido según norma. CONCLUSIONES: La tuberculosis es una enfermedad transmisible que afecta conmayor frecuencia a la población masculina, que su mayoría viven en zonas urbanas marginales. Los pacientes captados en su mayoría son diagnosticados a nivel hospitalario, nose cumple con la norma en el seguimiento con baciloscopía a los pacientes durante la terapia antifímica y al momento del alta, se cumple parcialmente la estrategia TAES.Los gerentes del componente de tuberculosis no han recibido actualizaciones enel manejo de normas de TB.
Subject(s)
Humans , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary , Tuberculosis , Delivery of Health Care , Academic Dissertations as Topic , Electronic ThesisABSTRACT
Cultura de micobactérias proporciona o crescimento de bacilos viáveis, mesmo presentes em escassa quantidade e não detectados pela baciloscopia. Neste estudo foram analisadas as amostras de escarro que apresentaram baciloscopia negativa e cultura positiva. As amostras foram coletadas de 2008 a 2013, de indivíduos detidos em Centros de Detenção Provisória de Santo André, Mauá e Diadema, Estado de São Paulo. As metodologias utilizadas foram baciloscopia por coloração Ziehl-Neelsen e cultura pelo Sistema BACTEC MGIT 960 e Ogawa-Kudoh. Dos 11.529 exames realizados, 221 (1,9 %) apresentaram baciloscopias negativas e culturas positivas. Dos 221 isolados, 166 (75,1 %) pertenciam ao Complexo Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 21 (9,5 %) micobactérias não membros do Complexo Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MNT), 33 (14,9 %) Mycobaterium sp e uma cultura mista do Complexo M. tuberculosis e M. avium. MNT mais frequentes foram M. avium (23,8 %) e M. fortuitum (19,0 %). A maioria dos isolados do Complexo M. tuberculosis (155/166 - 93,4 %) foi sensível aos antimicrobianos. Sete amostras apresentaram resistência à isoniazida e uma apresentou multirresistência à isoniazida e rifampicina. Este estudo mostra a importância da realização da cultura em escarros que apresentam baciloscopia negativa no diagnóstico da TB e micobacteriose. O tratamento tardio causa a continuidade da transmissão da doença e agravamento do quadro clínico.(AU)
Culture of mycobacteria induces the growth of viable bacillus occurring in small quantity, which are no detectable by bacilloscopy. This study aimed at identifying the mycobacteria isolates from sputum presenting negative bacilloscopy and positive culture. The samples were collected from 2008 to 2013 from criminals of Provisional Detention Centers in Santo André, Mauá and Diadema/SP. Smears were stained by Ziehl-Neelsen staining and the cultures were performed by the BACTEC MGIT 960 system and Ogawa-Kudoh culture medium. Of 11,529 isolates, 221 (1.9 %) showed negative bacilloscopy and positive cultures. Of 221 isolates, 166 (75.1 %) belonged to Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, 21 (9.5 %) were nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), 33 (14.9 %) Mycobacterium sp, and one identified as a mixed culture of M. tuberculosis and M. avium complex. The most common NTM species were M. avium (23.8 %) and M. fortuitum (19.0 %). Most of the isolates (155/166-93.4 %) were susceptible to antimicrobial agents. Seven samples were resistant to isoniazid, and one presented multiresistance to isoniazid and rifampicin. This study shows the importance in performing sputum culture, when these samples are negative on bacilloscopy in diagnosing TB and mycobacteriosis. The treatment delay results in the maintenance of disease transmission and worsening of clinical symptoms.(AU)
Subject(s)
Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/diagnosis , Sputum/virology , Prisons , Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Culture Techniques , Virus CultivationABSTRACT
Cultura de micobactérias proporciona o crescimento de bacilos viáveis, mesmo presentes emescassa quantidade e não detectados pela baciloscopia. Neste estudo foram analisadas as amostrasde escarro que apresentaram baciloscopia negativa e cultura positiva. As amostras foram coletadasde 2008 a 2013, de indivíduos detidos em Centros de Detenção Provisória de Santo André,Mauá e Diadema, Estado de São Paulo. As metodologias utilizadas foram baciloscopia porcoloração Ziehl-Neelsen e cultura pelo Sistema BACTEC MGIT 960 e Ogawa-Kudoh. Dos11.529 exames realizados, 221 (1,9 %) apresentaram baciloscopias negativas e culturas positivas.Dos 221 isolados, 166 (75,1 %) pertenciam ao Complexo Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 21 (9,5 %)micobactérias não membros do Complexo Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MNT), 33 (14,9 %)Mycobaterium sp e uma cultura mista do Complexo M. tuberculosis e M. avium. MNT maisfrequentes foram M. avium (23,8 %) e M. fortuitum (19,0 %). A maioria dos isolados do ComplexoM. tuberculosis (155/166 - 93,4 %) foi sensível aos antimicrobianos. Sete amostras apresentaramresistência à isoniazida e uma apresentou multirresistência à isoniazida e rifampicina. Este estudomostra a importância da realização da cultura em escarros que apresentam baciloscopia negativano diagnóstico da TB e micobacteriose. O tratamento tardio causa a continuidade da transmissãoda doença e agravamento do quadro clínico.
Culture of mycobacteria induces the growth of viable bacillus occurring in small quantity,which are no detectable by bacilloscopy. This study aimed at identifying the mycobacteria isolatesfrom sputum presenting negative bacilloscopy and positive culture. The samples were collectedfrom 2008 to 2013 from criminals of Provisional Detention Centers in Santo André, Mauáand Diadema/SP. Smears were stained by Ziehl-Neelsen staining and the cultures were performedby the BACTEC MGIT 960 system and Ogawa-Kudoh culture medium. Of 11,529 isolates, 221(1.9 %) showed negative bacilloscopy and positive cultures. Of 221 isolates, 166 (75.1 %) belongedto Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, 21 (9.5 %) were nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM),33 (14.9 %) Mycobacterium sp, and one identified as a mixed culture of M. tuberculosis andM. avium complex. The most common NTM species were M. avium (23.8 %) and M. fortuitum(19.0 %). Most of the isolates (155/166-93.4 %) were susceptible to antimicrobial agents.Seven samples were resistant to isoniazid, and one presented multiresistance to isoniazid andrifampicin. This study shows the importance in performing sputum culture, when these samplesare negative on bacilloscopy in diagnosing TB and mycobacteriosis. The treatment delay resultsin the maintenance of disease transmission and worsening of clinical symptoms.
Subject(s)
Male , Female , Humans , Prisons , Sputum , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary , Culture TechniquesABSTRACT
Cultura de micobactérias proporciona o crescimento de bacilos viáveis, mesmo presentes em escassa quantidade e não detectados pela baciloscopia. Neste estudo foram analisadas as amostras de escarro que apresentaram baciloscopia negativa e cultura positiva. As amostras foram coletadas de 2008 a 2013, de indivíduos detidos em Centros de Detenção Provisória de Santo André, Mauá e Diadema, Estado de São Paulo. As metodologias utilizadas foram baciloscopia por coloração Ziehl-Neelsen e cultura pelo Sistema BACTEC MGIT 960 e Ogawa-Kudoh. Dos 11.529 exames realizados, 221 (1,9 %) apresentaram baciloscopias negativas e culturas positivas. Dos 221 isolados, 166 (75,1 %) pertenciam ao Complexo Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 21 (9,5 %) micobactérias não membros do Complexo Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MNT), 33 (14,9 %) Mycobaterium sp e uma cultura mista do Complexo M. tuberculosis e M. avium. MNT mais frequentes foram M. avium (23,8 %) e M. fortuitum (19,0 %). A maioria dos isolados do Complexo M. tuberculosis (155/166 - 93,4 %) foi sensível aos antimicrobianos. Sete amostras apresentaram resistência à isoniazida e uma apresentou multirresistência à isoniazida e rifampicina. Este estudo mostra a importância da realização da cultura em escarros que apresentam baciloscopia negativa no diagnóstico da TB e micobacteriose. O tratamento tardio causa a continuidade da transmissão da doença e agravamento do quadro clínico.
Culture of mycobacteria induces the growth of viable bacillus occurring in small quantity, which are no detectable by bacilloscopy. This study aimed at identifying the mycobacteria isolates from sputum presenting negative bacilloscopy and positive culture. The samples were collected from 2008 to 2013 from criminals of Provisional Detention Centers in Santo André, Mauá and Diadema/SP. Smears were stained by Ziehl-Neelsen staining and the cultures were performed by the BACTEC MGIT 960 system and Ogawa-Kudoh culture medium. Of 11,529 isolates, 221 (1.9 %) showed negative bacilloscopy and positive cultures. Of 221 isolates, 166 (75.1 %) belonged to Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, 21 (9.5 %) were nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), 33 (14.9 %) Mycobacterium sp, and one identified as a mixed culture of M. tuberculosis and M. avium complex. The most common NTM species were M. avium (23.8 %) and M. fortuitum (19.0 %). Most of the isolates (155/166-93.4 %) were susceptible to antimicrobial agents. Seven samples were resistant to isoniazid, and one presented multiresistance to isoniazid and rifampicin. This study shows the importance in performing sputum culture, when these samples are negative on bacilloscopy in diagnosing TB and mycobacteriosis. The treatment delay results in the maintenance of disease transmission and worsening of clinical symptoms.