Bioactivity of Myrtus communis from the Montenegro coastline / Bioactividad de Myrtus communis del litoral de Montenegro

Although numerous studies have demonstrated the biomedical potential of Myrtus communis L., (Myrtaceae) data on myrt le from Montenegro are scarce. T o evaluate antioxidant, antimutagenic and antibacterial activity of myrtle methanolic extracts. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by measuring free radicals scavenging activity, reducing power and enzyme inhibition. The strongest scavenging activity was towards DPPH radical ( 2,2 - diphenyl - 1 - picry lhydrazyl) (IC 50 1.69 - 2.25 mg/mL) and superoxide anion (IC 50 0.56 to 0.88 mg/mL), followed by high reducing power (428 - 472 mgAA/g.DE) and inhibition of XOD (IC 50 0.308 - 0.6261mg/mL). Antimutagenic activity was evaluated in reverse mutation assays with Esche richia coli WP2 oxyR mutant IC202 and deficient in the induction of antioxidant enzymes. The myrtle extracts strongly inhibited mutagenesis induced by t - BOOH, reaching 70% at the highest concentration applied. Antimicrobial activity was examined on eight different bacterial strains. Gram - positive bacteria, S. epidermis , S. aureus and M. flavus demonstrated the highest sensitivity towards extracts (MICs 4.5 - 9 mg/mL), but significantly lower towards essential oil (MIC 0.42 - 3.32 mg/mL).

Aunque numerosos estudios han demostrado el potencial biomédico de Myrtus communis L., (Myrtaceae), los datos sobre el mirto de Montenegro son escasos. E valuar la actividad antioxidante, antimutagéni ca y antibacteriana de extractos metanólicos de mirto. La actividad antioxidante se evaluó midiendo la actividad de eliminación de radicales libres, el poder reductor y la inhibición enzimática. La actividad secuestrante más fuerte fue hacia DPPH radical ( IC 50 1.69 - 2.25 mg/mL) y radicales de anión superóxido (IC 50 0.56 a 0.88 mg/mL), seguido de alto poder reductor (428 - 472 m gAA/g.DE) e inhibición de XOD (I C 50 0,308 - 0,6261 mg/m L ). La actividad antimutagénica se evaluó en ensayos de mutación inversa con Esche richia coli WP2 oxyR mutante IC202 y deficiente en la inducción de enzimas antioxidantes. Los extractos de mirto inhibieron fuertemente la mutagénesis inducida por t - BOOH, alcanzando el 70% a la mayor concentración aplicada. La actividad antimicrobiana se examinó en octo cepas bacterianas diferentes. Las bacterias grampositivas, S. epidermis , S. aureus y M. flavus demostraron la sensibilidad más alta hacia los extractos (MIC 4.5 - 9 mg/mL), pero significativamente más baja hacia el aceite esencial (MIC 0.42 - 3 .32 mg/mL). Los resultados muestran la gran perspectiva nutrafarmacéutica de la especie montenegrina Myrtus communis .

Actividad bactericida de anticuerpos anti-ABO en colonias aisladas de Escherichia coli

Se ha estudiado la interacción entre antígenos ABO y microorganismos, incluidos los presentes en la microbiota, sobre la posible acción de antígenos y anticuerpos ABO en la susceptibilidad a enfermedades infecciosas. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar el título mínimo de la bacteria Escherichia coli capaz de sufrir la acción bactericida in vitro de los anticuerpos humanos anti-ABO. La selección de las muestras de sangre utilizadas se realizó mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario, fenotipado sanguíneo (un voluntario de cada fenotipo ABO) y la titulación de anticuerpos ABO. Se preparó una suspensión bacteriana (inoculo) y se agregó al suero de los voluntarios, seguido de la inoculación en Mueller Hinton Agar, luego de 24 horas, los resultados se leyeron e interpretaron con análisis por duplicado. No hubo diferencia significativa en la Prueba Bactericida entre las pruebas 1 y 2 en los grupos sanguíneos A, B, AB, O y Control Positivo. Hubo una diferencia significativa en el suero humano puro cuando se analizó el Grupo A x Control Positivo; Grupo B x Control Positivo; Grupo AB x Control Positivo y Grupo O x Control Positivo. No hubo diferencia significativa en las otras diluciones. Se concluye que los anticuerpos anti-ABO tienen efecto bactericida cuando existe una alta concentración de bacterias en el ambiente.

The interaction between ABO antigens and microorganisms, including those present in the microbiota, has been studied about the possible action of antigens and ABO antibodies in susceptibility to infectious diseases. This research aimed to determine the minimum titer of the Escherichia coli bacteria capable of undergoing in vitro bactericidal action of human anti-ABO antibodies. The selection of blood samples was performed through a questionnaire, blood phenotyping (one volunteer of each ABO phenotype), and the titration of ABO antibodies. A bacterial suspension (inoculum) was prepared and added to the serum of the volunteers, followed by inoculation in Mueller Hinton Agar. After 24 hours, the results were read and interpreted with duplicate analysis. There was no significant difference in the bactericidal test between tests 1 and 2 in blood groups A, B, AB, O, and Positive Control. There was a significant difference in pure human serum when Group A x Positive Control was analyzed, Group B x Positive Control, Group AB x Positive Control, and Group O x Positive Control. There was no significant difference in the other dilutions. It is concluded that anti-ABO antibodies have a bactericidal effect when there is a high concentration of bacteria in the environment.

Fecal concentration of intravenous vancomycin preparation after oral administration in an experimental model: preclinical assay.

INTRODUCTION: Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) infection is the main cause of nosocomial diarrhea. First-line treatment is oral vancomycin, but that presentation is not commercially available in Latin America. Our aim was to determine the fecal concentration of the oral administration of the conventional dose of an intravenous vancomycin preparation (VCM), in an experimental model. METHODS: A preclinical trial was conducted on 18 male mice (Balb/c strain), in three batches. The following doses of VCM were administered: 125 mg in batch A; 500 mg in batch B; and VCM-placebo in batch C. After receiving the doses, the mice were placed in metabolic cages, by batch. Feces were collected and the fecal concentration of VCM was analyzed through high pressure liquid chromatography 2, 4 and 6 h after drug administration. RESULTS: The 125 mg dose of VCM reached the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for C. difficile, without reaching the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC90), at 2, 4, and 6 h (521, 688, and 280 mg/L, respectively). Likewise, the 500 mg dose of VCM reached the MIC at 2 h, increased gradually, and reached MBC90 between 4 and 6 h, in feces (1,062 and 1,779 mg/L, respectively), ANOVA, p = 0.0005. CONCLUSION: The fecal concentration of vancomycin was dependent on the intragastric dose administered. Only the 500 mg dose of VCM reached therapeutic concentration for C. difficile (MIC and MBC90), in the mice. We suggest starting a dose of 500 mg QID for achieving therapeutic concentration against C. difficile, as soon as 4 h after the first dose.

Nanoparticles in inhibiting Pantoea ananatis and to control maize white spot / Nanopartículas na inibição de Pantoea ananatis e no controle da mancha branca do milho

Maize white spot (MWS) caused by Pantoea ananatis is one main maize leaf diseases, and nanoparticles (NPs) are an innovative approach for bacterial disease control. This research evaluated the toxicity of pure NPs and doped NPs with different elements in inhibiting bacterial growth and to control MWS. Pure NPs and ZnO NPs doped with silver (Ag), gold (Au), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and nickel (Ni) at different concentrations were used to determine the toxicity for P. ananatis in vitro, evaluating the bacterial growth inhibition zone. To assess the control of MWS, in the preventive application, maize plants were sprayed with NPs of ZnO:0.1Cu, ZnO:0.05Fe, ZnO:0.2Mn and ZnO:0.7Ni at 10, 5 or 2.5 mg mL-¹, and after 3 days, the plants were inoculated with bacterial suspension. To assess the curative application, plants were inoculated with the bacteria, and 3 days later sprayed with the NPs. The disease severity was assessed and the area under the disease-progress curve (AUDPC) was calculated. The doped ZnO NPs with different elements, and at different concentrations inhibited bacterial growth in vitro. NPs of ZnO:0.1Cu and ZnO:0.2Mn at 5 or 2.5 mg mL-¹, in both applications reduced the severity of MWS, showing potential for use in the disease management.

A mancha branca do milho (MBM) causada por Pantoea ananatis é uma das principais doenças foliares da cultura, e as nanopartículas (NPs) surgem como inovação no controle de doenças bacterianas. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a toxidez de NPs puras e dopadas com diferentes elementos, na inibição do crescimento bacteriano e no controle da MBM. NPs puras e NPs de ZnO dopadas com: prata (Ag), ouro (Au), cobre (Cu), ferro (Fe), manganês (Mn), e níquel (Ni) em diferentes concentrações foram usadas para determinar a toxidez à P. ananatis, avaliando-se o halo de inibição do crescimento bacteriano. Para avaliar o controle da MBM, na aplicação preventiva, plantas de milho foram pulverizadas com NPs de ZnO:0.1Cu, ZnO:0.05Fe, ZnO:0.2Mn e ZnO:0.7Ni a 10, 5 e 2.5 mg mL-¹, e três dias depois foram inoculadas com a suspensão bacteriana. Na aplicação curativa, as plantas foram inoculadas com a suspensão bacteriana e três dias após pulverizadas com as NPs. A severidade da doença foi avaliada e calculada a área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença (AACPD). NPs de ZnO dopadas com os diferentes elementos e concentrações inibiram o crescimento bacteriano in vitro. As NPs de ZnO:0.1Cu e ZnO:0.2Mn a 5 e 2.5 mg mL-¹, nas duas aplicações reduziram a severidade da MBM, apresentando potencial de uso no manejo da doença.

Effect of Mauritia flexuosa L. leaf extract on Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus haemolyticus biofilms adhered to stainless steel surface / Efeito do extrato de folhas de Mauritia flexuosa L. sobre biofilmes de Staphylococcus aureus e Staphylococcus haemolyticus aderidos a superfície de aço inoxidável

Staphylococcus spp. represents the main mastitis agents in ruminants and contaminants of milk due to their expressive capacity to make biofilms. The aims in this study was evaluate evaluated the antimicrobial activity of Mauritia flexuosa L. extracts against Staphylococcus spp. adhered to a stainless steel surface. Two isolates from cows with clinical mastitis were evaluated; one was identified as Staphylococcus aureus, and the other Staphylococcus haemolyticus. Additionally the ATCC 25923 strain, S. aureus from human was evaluated. The chemical profile obtained from gas chromatography revealed the presence of carbohydrates, organic acids, and flavonoids. The minimum bactericidal concentrations of the ethanolic extract (EE) and aqueous extract (AE) were 4.4 and 5.82 mg/mL, respectively. After EE treatment at 4.4 mg/mL for 2.5 min, total removal of mature biofilms grown on stainless steel coupons was observed (reduction by 3.85-4.81 log units). This extract from M. flexuosa shows potential as an effective sanitizer and may represent a natural alternative against Staphylococcus spp.

Bactérias do gênero Staphylococcus spp. são os principais agentes da mastite em ruminantes e contaminantes do leite devido à expressiva capacidade de formação de biofilmes. Neste estudo o objetivo foi avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana de extratos de Mauritia flexuosa L. (Buritizeiro) contra Staphylococcus spp. aderidos à superfície de aço inoxidável. Foram avaliados dois isolados de vacas com mastite clínica; o um isolado foi identificado como Staphylococcus aureus e o outro como Staphylococcus haemolyticus. Adicionalmente foi também avaliada a e a cepa S. aureus ATCC 25923 de origem humana. O perfil químico obtido por cromatografia gasosa revelou a presença de carboidratos, ácidos orgânicos e flavonóides. As concentrações bactericidas mínimas do extrato etanólico (EE) e do extrato aquoso (AE) foram 4,4 e 5,82 mg / mL, respectivamente. Após o tratamento com EE a 4,4 mg / mL por 2,5 min, foi observada remoção total de biofilmes maduros cultivados em cupons de aço inoxidável (redução de 3,85-4,81 unidades log). O EE de folhas de M. flexuosa apresenta potencial como um desinfetante eficaz e pode representar uma alternativa natural contra Staphylococcus spp.

Syzygium aromaticum como candidato a bactericida: efectos en la microbiota oral / Syzygium aromaticum as a bactericidal candidate: effects on the oral microbiota

El cavo de olor (Syzygium aromaticum) es un árbol, originario de Indonesia, con altura variable, pero que sobre pasa los 10 metros de altura, perteneciente a la familia de las Myrtaceae y cuyas flores que no han abierto, se convierten en botones, que al secar son los mencionados clavos de olor. Poseen como componente principal el Eugenol, entre otros compuestos orgánicos. Por sus características bioquímicas y organolépticas, le proporcionan varios beneficios para la salud, por actuar como estimulantes, antioxidante, con acción antibacterial, antiespasmódicas, además de su marcada acción analgésica y anestésica. Por su parte, la microbiota oral, está conformada por un amplio conjunto de microorganismos pertenecientes al ecosistema bucal y que a través del equilibrio de los mismos, se logrará un adecuado funcionamiento y desarrollo de las funciones fisiológicas en pro de la salud bucal del individuo. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo examinar los datos específicos en el uso del clavo de olor como agente bactericida en las afecciones bucodentales, encontrándose que si puede ser usado como agente bactericida por su marcado efecto sobre la microbiota oral a nivel de eliminar los microorganismos nocivos presentes en la misma, ya que actúa inhibiendo la recomposición de las proteínas, los ácidos nucleicos y la membrana de la pared celular, cambiando la permeabilidad de las células de los microorganismos, favoreciendo su muerte y a su ves favoreciendo el adecuado equilibrio de la microbiota oral, necesario para la adecuada salud bucodental(AU)

The clove (Syzygium aromaticum) is a tree, native to Indonesia, with variable height, but that exceeds 10 meters in height, belonging to the Myrtaceae family and whose flowers that have not opened, become buttons, that when drying are the aforementioned cloves. Their main component is Eugenol, among other organic compounds. Due to their biochemical and organoleptic characteristics, they provide several health benefits, for acting as stimulants, antioxidant, with antibacterial, antispasmodic action, in addition to their marked analgesic and anesthetic action. For its part, the oral microbiota is made up of a wide set of microorganisms belonging to the oral ecosystem and that through their balance, an adequate functioning and development of physiological functions will be achieved in favor of the oral health of the individual. The objective of this research is to examine the specific data on the use of cloves as a bactericidal agent in oral conditions, finding that it can be used as a bactericidal agent due to its marked effect on the oral microbiota at the level of eliminating harmful microorganisms present in it, since it acts by inhibiting the recomposition of proteins, nucleic acids and the cell wall membrane, changing the permeability of the cells of microorganisms, favoring their death and in turn favoring the proper balance of the oral microbiota, necessary for proper oral health(AU)

Chemical composition and biological activities of essential oil from flowers of Psidium guajava (Myrtaceae) / Composição química e atividades biológicas do óleo essencial das flores de Psidium guajava (Myrtaceae)

Xylella fastidiosa is a plant-pathogenic bacterium that lives inside host xylem vessels, where it forms biofilm which is believed to be responsible for disrupting the passage of water and nutrients. Pectobacterium carotovorum is a Gram-negative plant-specific bacterium that causes not only soft rot in various plant hosts, but also blackleg in potato by plant cell wall degradation. Chagas disease, which is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, has been commonly treated with nifurtimox and benzonidazole, two drugs that cause several side effects. As a result, the use of natural products for treating bacterial and neglected diseases has increased in recent years and plants have become a promising alternative to developing new medicines. Therefore, this study aimed to determine, for the first time, the chemical composition of essential oil from Psidium guajava flowers (PG-EO) and to evaluate its in vitro anti-Xylella fastidiosa, anti-Pectobacterium carotovorum, anti-Trypanosoma cruzi and cytotoxic activities. PG-EO was obtained by hydrodistillation in a Clevenger apparatus while its chemical composition was determined by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Major compounds identified in PG-EO were alpha-cadinol (37.8%), beta-caryophyllene (12.2%), nerolidol (9.1%), alpha-selinene (8.8%), beta-selinene (7.4%) and caryophyllene oxide (7.2%). Results showed that the PG-EO had strong trypanocidal activity against the trypomastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi (IC50 = 14.6 ug/mL), promising antibacterial activity against X. fastidiosa (MIC = 12.5 ug/mL) and P. carotovorum (MIC = 62.5 ug/mL), and moderate cytotoxicity against LLCMK2 adherent epithelial cells in the concentration range (CC50 = 250.5 ug/mL). In short, the PG-EO can be considered a new source of bioactive compounds for the development of pesticides and trypanocide drugs.(AU)

Xylella fastidiosa é uma bactéria patogênica que vive dentro dos vasos do xilema hospedeiro, onde forma um biofilme responsável por interromper a passagem de água e nutrientes. Pectobacterium carotovorum é uma bactéria Gram-negativa que causa não só podridão macia em várias plantas hospedeiras, mas também canela-preta na batata por degradação da parede celular da planta. A doença de Chagas, causada pelo Trypanosoma cruzi, é comumente tratada com nifurtimox e benzonidazol, duas drogas que causam vários efeitos colaterais. Como resultado, o uso de produtos naturais para o tratamento de doenças bacterianas e negligenciadas aumentou nos últimos anos e as plantas continuam sendo uma alternativa promissora para o desenvolvimento de novos medicamentos. Portanto, este estudo teve como objetivo determinar, pela primeira vez, a composição química do óleo essencial de flores de Psidium guajava (PG-EO) e avaliar suas propriedades anti-Xylella fastidiosa, anti-Pectobacterium carotovorum, anti-Trypanosoma cruzi e citotóxica in vitro. PG-EO foi obtido por hidrodestilação em um aparelho Clevenger, enquanto sua composição química foi determinada por cromatografia em fase gasosa com detecção por ionização por chama (CG-DIC) e por cromatografia em fase gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massa (CG-EM). Os principais compostos identificados no PG-EO foram alfa-cadinol (37,8%), beta-cariofileno (12,2%), nerolidol (9,1%), alfa-selineno (8,8%), beta-selineno (7,4%) e óxido de cariofileno (7,2%). Os resultados mostraram que o PG-EO apresentou forte atividade tripanocida contra as formas tripomastigotas de T. cruzi (CI50 = 14,6 ug/mL), promissora atividade antibacteriana contra X. fastidiosa (MIC = 12,5 ug/mL) e P. carotovorum (MIC = 62,5 ug/mL) e citotoxicidade moderada contra células epiteliais aderentes (LLCMK2) na faixa de concentração (CC50 = 250,5 ug/mL). Em suma, o PG-EO pode ser considerado uma nova fonte de compostos bioativos para o desenvolvimento de pesticidas e drogas tripanocidas.(AU)

Chemical composition and biological activities of essential oil from flowers of Psidium guajava (Myrtaceae) / Composição química e atividades biológicas do óleo essencial das flores de Psidium guajava (Myrtaceae)

Abstract Xylella fastidiosa is a plant-pathogenic bacterium that lives inside host xylem vessels, where it forms biofilm which is believed to be responsible for disrupting the passage of water and nutrients. Pectobacterium carotovorum is a Gram-negative plant-specific bacterium that causes not only soft rot in various plant hosts, but also blackleg in potato by plant cell wall degradation. Chagas disease, which is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, has been commonly treated with nifurtimox and benzonidazole, two drugs that cause several side effects. As a result, the use of natural products for treating bacterial and neglected diseases has increased in recent years and plants have become a promising alternative to developing new medicines. Therefore, this study aimed to determine, for the first time, the chemical composition of essential oil from Psidium guajava flowers (PG-EO) and to evaluate its in vitro anti-Xylella fastidiosa, anti-Pectobacterium carotovorum, anti-Trypanosoma cruzi and cytotoxic activities. PG-EO was obtained by hydrodistillation in a Clevenger apparatus while its chemical composition was determined by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Major compounds identified in PG-EO were α-cadinol (37.8%), β-caryophyllene (12.2%), nerolidol (9.1%), α-selinene (8.8%), β-selinene (7.4%) and caryophyllene oxide (7.2%). Results showed that the PG-EO had strong trypanocidal activity against the trypomastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi (IC50 = 14.6 μg/mL), promising antibacterial activity against X. fastidiosa (MIC = 12.5 μg/mL) and P. carotovorum (MIC = 62.5 μg/mL), and moderate cytotoxicity against LLCMK2 adherent epithelial cells in the concentration range (CC50 = 250.5 μg/mL). In short, the PG-EO can be considered a new source of bioactive compounds for the development of pesticides and trypanocide drugs.

Resumo Xylella fastidiosa é uma bactéria patogênica que vive dentro dos vasos do xilema hospedeiro, onde forma um biofilme responsável por interromper a passagem de água e nutrientes. Pectobacterium carotovorum é uma bactéria Gram-negativa que causa não só podridão macia em várias plantas hospedeiras, mas também canela-preta na batata por degradação da parede celular da planta. A doença de Chagas, causada pelo Trypanosoma cruzi, é comumente tratada com nifurtimox e benzonidazol, duas drogas que causam vários efeitos colaterais. Como resultado, o uso de produtos naturais para o tratamento de doenças bacterianas e negligenciadas aumentou nos últimos anos e as plantas continuam sendo uma alternativa promissora para o desenvolvimento de novos medicamentos. Portanto, este estudo teve como objetivo determinar, pela primeira vez, a composição química do óleo essencial de flores de Psidium guajava (PG-EO) e avaliar suas propriedades anti-Xylella fastidiosa, anti-Pectobacterium carotovorum, anti-Trypanosoma cruzi e citotóxica in vitro. PG-EO foi obtido por hidrodestilação em um aparelho Clevenger, enquanto sua composição química foi determinada por cromatografia em fase gasosa com detecção por ionização por chama (CG-DIC) e por cromatografia em fase gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massa (CG-EM). Os principais compostos identificados no PG-EO foram α-cadinol (37,8%), β-cariofileno (12,2%), nerolidol (9,1%), α-selineno (8,8%), β-selineno (7,4%) e óxido de cariofileno (7,2%). Os resultados mostraram que o PG-EO apresentou forte atividade tripanocida contra as formas tripomastigotas de T. cruzi (CI50 = 14,6 μg/mL), promissora atividade antibacteriana contra X. fastidiosa (MIC = 12,5 μg/mL) e P. carotovorum (MIC = 62,5 μg/mL) e citotoxicidade moderada contra células epiteliais aderentes (LLCMK2) na faixa de concentração (CC50 = 250,5 μg/mL). Em suma, o PG-EO pode ser considerado uma nova fonte de compostos bioativos para o desenvolvimento de pesticidas e drogas tripanocidas.

Atividade do óleo essencial de Cinnamomum cassia contra Staphylococcus aureus- revisão / Cinnamomum cassia essential oil activity against Staphylococcus aureus ­ review

O objetivo deste trabalho foi apresentar uma revisão sobre a atividade do óleo essencial de Cinnamomum. cassia contra Staphylococcus aureus por meio de pesquisas nas bases Web of Science, Science Direct, Scopus, Lilacs e Medline. Para tanto, foram utilizados artigos que abordam os componentes químicos do óleo essencial (OE) de Cinnamomum cassia e sua atividade contra Staphylococcus aureus por meio de dados de diâmetro de inibição, Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) e Concentração Bactericida Mínima (CBM), publicados entre 2011 a 2021. De 98 estudos identificados, 26 preencheram os critérios de inclusão. Os componentes químicos mais comumente encontrados no óleo essencial de C. cassia foram nesta ordem; cinamaldeído, na forma Trans/E, acetato de cinamila/ benzaldeido e cumarina/ eugenol. Os resultados mostraram que a parte da planta mais utilizada para a produção do óleo essencial foi a casca. Os resultados de CIM indicam que a maioria dos trabalhos apresentou atividade antimicrobiana do OE de C. cassia contra S. aureus e tiveram como principal resultado o uso deste óleo como um agente antimicrobiano natural no controle de patógenos de origem alimentar. Nas bases Scopus e Web of Science foi obtido o maior número de artigos.(AU)

The aim of this work was to present a review on the activity of Cinnamomum cassia essential oil against Staphylococcus aureus through research in the Web of Science, Science Direct, Scopus, Lilacs and Medline databases. Therefore, articles that address the chemical components of Cinnamomum cassia essential oil and its activity against Staphylococcus aureus were used through inhibition diameter data, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (CBM), published between 2011 to 2021 Of 98 identified studies, 26 met the inclusion criteria. The chemical components most commonly found in C. cassia essential oil were in this order; Cinnamaldehyde in the form Trans/E, cinnamyl acetate/ benzaldehyde and coumarin/eugenol. The results showed that the most used part of the plant for the production of essential oil was the bark. The MIC results indicate that most of the works showed the antimicrobial activity of C. cassia essential oil against S. aureus and had as main result the use of this oil as a natural antimicrobial agent in the control of foodborne pathogens. The results showed the Scopus and Web of Science as the databases where more articles were found.(AU)

Eficacia ex vivo de sustancias irrigadoras frente a Enterococcus faecalis en conductos radiculares primarios / Ex vivo efficacy of irrigation substances against Enterococcus faecalis in primary root canals

En la práctica de odontología pediátrica el tratamiento endodóntico es un reto permanente en el profesional, considerando que la clave de un procedimiento exitoso es un adecuado protocolo de irrigación; por ello el objetivo de esta investigación pretende comprobar la eficacia clínica ex vivo frente a Enterococcus faecalis del NaOCl, la clorhexidina, y la solución salina. Se realizó un estudio ex vivo con enfoque cuantitativo, diseño experimental, nivel de investigación descriptiva en ámbito de laboratorio y temporalidad actual. Se analizó doce órganos dentarios deciduos sin distinción específica con indicación previa de extracción en pacientes pediátricos que acudieron a la consulta de Odontopediatría en la Carrera de Odontología de la Universidad Católica de Cuenca durante el periodo 2019 ­ 2020. Se evaluó mediante técnica de observación directa, obteniendo como resultado que el NaOCl y la Clorhexidina mostraron altos índices de inhibición frente al Enterococcus faecalis. Sugiriendo así el NaOCl al 5,25% o gluconato de clorhexidina al 2% como una alternativa en la terapia pulpar, según las condiciones individuales y del caso clínico correspondiente, respaldado también por la Asociación Estadounidense de Odontología Pediátrica (AAPD)(AU)

In the practice of pediatric dentistry, endodontic treatment is a permanent challenge for the professional, considering that the key to a successful procedure is an adequate irrigation protocol; therefore, the objective of this research is to verify the ex vivo clinical efficacy of NaOCl, chlorhexidine and saline solution against Enterococcus faecalis. An ex vivo study was carried out with a quantitative approach, experimental design, descriptive research level in a laboratory setting and current time frame. Twelve deciduous dental organs were analyzed without specific distinction with previous indication of indicated extraction of pediatric patients who attended the Pediatric Dentistry consultation at the Dentistry Department of the Catholic University of Cuenca during the period 2019 - 2020. It was evaluated by means of direct observation technique. As a result, NaOCl 5,25% and Chlorhexidine 2% showed high inhibition indexes against Enterococcus faecalis. Thus suggesting NaOCl or chlorhexidine gluconate as an alternative in pulp therapy according to the individual conditions of the patient and the clinician also supported by the American Association of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD)(AU)

Chemical characterization, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of sugar-apple (Annona squamosa L. ) pulp extract / Caracterización química, actividad antimicrobiana y antioxidante del extracto de pulpa de manzana de azúcar (Annona squamosa L. )

Synthetic preservatives are widely present in processed foods, but most of them have carcinogenic potential, requiring the development of new natural alternatives such as fruit extracts, for microbial control. The objective of the study was to evaluate the chemical characterization, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activity of the sugar apple pulp (Annona squamosa L.). Physicochemical characteristics were evaluated, an extract was prepared, and its antioxidant activity by DPPH method and antimicrobial by disk diffusion. Minimal inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration against strains of Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus were evaluated. The physicochemical analysis revealed that sugar apple pulp had 75.0% moisture, 3.0% ash, 4.0% protein, 0.2% lipids, 3.3% fibers, and 14.5% carbohydrates. The antioxidant activity of the extract by the DPPH method was 20.6%. The pulp extract from the sugar apple had inhibition zone for Staphylococcus aureus, satisfactory inhibitory effect against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella Typhimurium, but did not present a bactericidal effect. Sugar apple pulp presents adequate levels of nutrients and potential for food application due to its microbiological activity and antioxidant properties.

Los conservantes sintéticos están ampliamente presentes en los alimentos procesados, pero la mayoría tienen potencial carcinogénico, lo que requiere el desarrollo de nuevas alternativas naturales para el control microbiano, como los extractos de frutas. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la caracterización química, la actividad antioxidante y antimicrobiana de la pulpa de manzana de azúcar (Annona squamosa L.). Se evaluaron las características fisicoquímicas, y se evaluó su actividad antioxidante mediante el método DPPH y antimicrobiano por difusión en disco, concentración inhibitoria mínima y concentración bactericida mínima contra cepas de Salmonella Typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes y Staphylococcus aureus. El análisis fisicoquímico reveló que la pulpa de manzana de azúcar tiene 75.0% de humedad, 3.0% de cenizas, 4.0% de proteínas, 0.2% de lípidos, 3.3% de fibras y 14.5% de carbohidratos. La actividad antioxidante del extracto por el método DPPH fue del 20.6%. El extracto de pulpa de la manzana de azúcar tenía zona de inhibición para Staphylococcus aureus, efecto inhibidor satisfactorio contra Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes y Salmonella Typhimurium, pero no presenta efecto bactericida. La pulpa de manzana de azúcar presenta niveles adecuados de nutrientes y potencial para la aplicación de alimentos debido a su actividad microbiológica y propiedades antioxidantes.

Chemical composition and biological activities of essential oil from flowers of Psidium guajava (Myrtaceae)

Abstract Xylella fastidiosa is a plant-pathogenic bacterium that lives inside host xylem vessels, where it forms biofilm which is believed to be responsible for disrupting the passage of water and nutrients. Pectobacterium carotovorum is a Gram-negative plant-specific bacterium that causes not only soft rot in various plant hosts, but also blackleg in potato by plant cell wall degradation. Chagas disease, which is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, has been commonly treated with nifurtimox and benzonidazole, two drugs that cause several side effects. As a result, the use of natural products for treating bacterial and neglected diseases has increased in recent years and plants have become a promising alternative to developing new medicines. Therefore, this study aimed to determine, for the first time, the chemical composition of essential oil from Psidium guajava flowers (PG-EO) and to evaluate its in vitro anti-Xylella fastidiosa, anti-Pectobacterium carotovorum, anti-Trypanosoma cruzi and cytotoxic activities. PG-EO was obtained by hydrodistillation in a Clevenger apparatus while its chemical composition was determined by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Major compounds identified in PG-EO were -cadinol (37.8%), -caryophyllene (12.2%), nerolidol (9.1%), -selinene (8.8%), -selinene (7.4%) and caryophyllene oxide (7.2%). Results showed that the PG-EO had strong trypanocidal activity against the trypomastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi (IC50 = 14.6 g/mL), promising antibacterial activity against X. fastidiosa (MIC = 12.5 g/mL) and P. carotovorum (MIC = 62.5 g/mL), and moderate cytotoxicity against LLCMK2 adherent epithelial cells in the concentration range (CC50 = 250.5 g/mL). In short, the PG-EO can be considered a new source of bioactive compounds for the development of pesticides and trypanocide drugs.

Resumo Xylella fastidiosa é uma bactéria patogênica que vive dentro dos vasos do xilema hospedeiro, onde forma um biofilme responsável por interromper a passagem de água e nutrientes. Pectobacterium carotovorum é uma bactéria Gram-negativa que causa não só podridão macia em várias plantas hospedeiras, mas também canela-preta na batata por degradação da parede celular da planta. A doença de Chagas, causada pelo Trypanosoma cruzi, é comumente tratada com nifurtimox e benzonidazol, duas drogas que causam vários efeitos colaterais. Como resultado, o uso de produtos naturais para o tratamento de doenças bacterianas e negligenciadas aumentou nos últimos anos e as plantas continuam sendo uma alternativa promissora para o desenvolvimento de novos medicamentos. Portanto, este estudo teve como objetivo determinar, pela primeira vez, a composição química do óleo essencial de flores de Psidium guajava (PG-EO) e avaliar suas propriedades anti-Xylella fastidiosa, anti-Pectobacterium carotovorum, anti-Trypanosoma cruzi e citotóxica in vitro. PG-EO foi obtido por hidrodestilação em um aparelho Clevenger, enquanto sua composição química foi determinada por cromatografia em fase gasosa com detecção por ionização por chama (CG-DIC) e por cromatografia em fase gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massa (CG-EM). Os principais compostos identificados no PG-EO foram -cadinol (37,8%), -cariofileno (12,2%), nerolidol (9,1%), -selineno (8,8%), -selineno (7,4%) e óxido de cariofileno (7,2%). Os resultados mostraram que o PG-EO apresentou forte atividade tripanocida contra as formas tripomastigotas de T. cruzi (CI50 = 14,6 g/mL), promissora atividade antibacteriana contra X. fastidiosa (MIC = 12,5 g/mL) e P. carotovorum (MIC = 62,5 g/mL) e citotoxicidade moderada contra células epiteliais aderentes (LLCMK2) na faixa de concentração (CC50 = 250,5 g/mL). Em suma, o PG-EO pode ser considerado uma nova fonte de compostos bioativos para o desenvolvimento de pesticidas e drogas tripanocidas.

Development of a new Colombian product, effective for the treatment of carious lesions: a case study / Desarrollo de un nuevo producto colombiano, efectivo para el tratamiento de las lesiones cariosas: un caso de estudio

SUMMARY Purpose: We present a new Colombian product researched and developed by Seven Scientific Foundation, which has been very useful for the removal of the carious tissue in patients who have used this innovative product. Methods: We used a chemical-mechanical removal of dental caries. This product is made with 10% papain which is the active principle and works as a debriding agent, as well as being a bacteriostatic, bactericidal and anti-inflammatory agent; and also contain dragon's blood (Croton lechleri) sap which is an effective as analgesic/anti-inflammatory and especially as a healing agent. In this article, we present a case study of a patient, whose dental carious tissue was removed, using the dental new product. Description of the case report: In this article, we present a case study of a patient, whose dental carious tissue has been removed, using the new dental product, therefore this innovative technique of removal of the atraumatic carious tissue. Conclusions: This method is useful as it is a minimally invasive technique, without requiring the use of local anesthesia, or the additional use of dental instruments. It is used in the Colombian population of all ages and does not generate side effects in people who have used it so far.

RESUMEN Propósito: se investigó y desarrolló un nuevo producto dental el cual ha sido muy útil para la remoción del tejido carioso en los pacientes colombianos que han utilizado este innovador producto para la remoción químico-mecánica de las caries dentales. Métodos: Este producto está hecho a base de papaína al 10 % el cual es el principio activo y funciona como un agente debridante lo cual cicatriza el tejido removido, además de ser un agente bacteriostático, bactericida y antiinflamatorio. Descripción de reporte de caso: en este artículo se presenta un estudio de caso de un paciente al cual se le removió el tejido carioso dental. Conclusiones: Por lo tanto, esta técnica innovadora de remoción del tejido carioso atraumático resulta útil por ser una técnica mínimamente invasiva, sin requerir el uso de anestesia local al tejido afectado ni el uso adicional de instrumentos dentales. Se utiliza en la población colombiana de todas las edades y no genera efectos colaterales en las personas que lo han utilizado hasta el momento.

Inativação termoquímica de Staphylococcus aureus ao cinamaldeído / Thermochemical inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus by cinnamaldehyde

Staphylococcus aureus é uma bactéria patogênica, associada à toxinose alimentar e pela sua capacidade em se tornar resistente a grande número de antimicrobianos. Alternativa para seu controle é a utilização de cinalmadeído, componente majoritário do óleo essencial de canela. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a inativação S. aureus por cinamaldeído em duas temperaturas. S. aureus foi incubado em caldo triptona de soja adicionado de 0,5% de Tween 80 (v/v) e 0,25% (v/v) de cinamaldeído nas temperaturas de 37 °C e 7 °C por 5, 10, 20, 30 e 35 minutos. Não foi observada ação bactericida do cinamaldeído na temperatura de 7°C, entretanto, a 37°C, após 35 minutos de contato não foram detectadas células viáveis. Dessa forma, destaca-se a importância da temperatura para a ação antimicrobiana do cinamaldeído.(AU)

Inativação termoquímica de Staphylococcus aureus ao cinamaldeído / Thermochemical inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus by cinnamaldehyde

Staphylococcus aureus é uma bactéria patogênica, associada à toxinose alimentar e pela sua capacidade em se tornar resistente a grande número de antimicrobianos. Alternativa para seu controle é a utilização de cinalmadeído, componente majoritário do óleo essencial de canela. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a inativação S. aureus por cinamaldeído em duas temperaturas. S. aureus foi incubado em caldo triptona de soja adicionado de 0,5% de Tween 80 (v/v) e 0,25% (v/v) de cinamaldeído nas temperaturas de 37 °C e 7 °C por 5, 10, 20, 30 e 35 minutos. Não foi observada ação bactericida do cinamaldeído na temperatura de 7°C, entretanto, a 37°C, após 35 minutos de contato não foram detectadas células viáveis. Dessa forma, destaca-se a importância da temperatura para a ação antimicrobiana do cinamaldeído.

Efectividad bactericida del diamino fluoruro de plata a diferente concentración sobre estreptococos cariogénicos en muestras de saliva y dentina de escolares: un estudio in vitro / Bactericidal effectveness of silver diamine fluoride in different concentrations on cariogenic Streptococcus in salivary and dentinal samples of schoolchildren: an in vitro study

La OMS y la FDI han publicado que entre el 60 y 90% de los escolares padecen caries. En nuestro país, el Sistema de Vigilancia Epidemiológica de Patologías Orales (SIVEPAB) 2012, reporta un 85% de caries a nivel nacional en población pediátrica. Los agentes anticariogénicos como el diamino y el fluoruro de plata son un tratamiento alentador, este agente puede actuar como bactericida o bacteriostático en función de su concentración y su capacidad para inhibir el crecimiento de estreptococos del grupo viridans, y por ende, de la caries. Problema: ¿Cuál es la efectividad bactericida del diamino fluoruro de plata (Saforide®) a diferente concentración sobre la microbiota cariogénica de escolares? Objetivo: Determinar la eficacia bactericida del diamino fluoruro de plata (DFP) a diferentes concentraciones en el crecimiento bacteriano de Streptococcus mitis, S. mutans y S. salivarius en muestras de saliva y dentina en escolares. Material y métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio experimental con una variable independiente, el efecto bactericida del diamino fluoruro de plata y se tomó el halo de inhibición como la dependiente. Se utilizaron medidas descriptivas como prueba de comparación y análisis de varianza usando post-hoc Tukey≠ con una confianza del 95%, y análisis de datos exploratorios. Resultados: Se analizaron 100 muestras, de las cuales 48.3% correspondió a S. mutans, 41.4% a S. salivarius y 10.3% a S. mitis, se obtuvo una mayor zona de inhibición para las tres bacterias al 38% mostrando una diferencia estadísticamente significativa 12% (p < 0.05). También se observó un efecto bacteriostático al 12%, no así para el 38%, donde se encontró un efecto bactericida Conclusión: Nuestros resultados sugieren que al 38% de la concentración hay un claro efecto bactericida en el grupo de estreptococos viridans y el 12% no se recomienda para la detención de caries debido al efecto bacteriostático (AU)

WHO and FDI have ruled that 60-90% of schoolchildren are affected by caries. In our country, the System of Epidemiological Surveillance of Oral Pathologies (SIVEPAB) (SIVEPAB) 2012. Report a rate of 85% of caries nationally in pediatric population. Anticariogenic diamino agents such as silver fluoride are an encouraging decrease in treatment for these high rates of tooth decay in our country, this agent can act as bactericidal or bacteriostatic based on their concentration and their ability to inhibit endogenous metalloproteinase (MMP-2, 8, 9). Problem: What will be the bactericidal effectiveness of silver diamine fluoride different concentration on cariogenic Streptococci saliva samples taken from school and dentin? Objective: Determine the bactericidal effectiveness Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) to different concentration on bacterial growth of Streptococcus mitis, S. mutans, and S. salivarius in saliva samples and dentin in school. Material and methods: An experimental study was conducted as an independent variable the bactericidal effect of silver diamine fluoride was taken as dependent inhibition halo. Descriptive measures were used as a comparison test and analysis of variance using Post-hoc Tukey with 95% confidence, and exploratory data analysis. Results: One hundred samples, of which 48.3% corresponded to S. mutans, 41.4% to S. salivarius and 10.3% to S. mitis, were analyzed, we obtained a larger zone of inhibition for all three organisms at 38% showing a statistically significant difference from 12% (p < 0.05). It was also observed that the 12% sample bacteriostatic effect, not to the concentration of 38% was found a bactericidal effect. Conclusion: Our results suggest that 38% concentration has a bactericidal effect on Streptococcus viridans group and 12% showed not recommended for the arrest or detention of dentine caries bacteriostatic effect (AU)

Phytochemistry and antibacterial activity of aqueous andhydroalcoholic extracts of three medicinal plants against foodpathogens / Fitoquímica e atividade antibacteriana de extratos aquosos e hidroalcoólicos de trêsplantas medicinais contra patógenos de alimentos

This study aimed to characterize the phytochemical compositions of three medicinal Brazilian plants leaves and bast extracts, and to determine their antibacterial activity on three foodborne and waterborne bacterial pathogens. Parkia platycephala, Pouteria ramiflora and Lophanthera lactescens leaves and basts were collected and aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts were prepared. Qualitative screening of the phytochemical extracts was performed with three replicates and in triplicate in order to identify the bioactive compounds. The Minimal Inhibitory Concentration and Minimal Bactericide Concentration were determined by microdilution in broth and Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus growth was observed on agar plates. Phytochemical composition analysis allowed for the identification of anthraquinones, catechins, saponins, tannins, sesquiterpenlactones and other lactones in the three plants leaves and bast aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts. Eighty-three percent of the plant extracts showed antibacterial activity against S. aureus, and P. platycephala extracts were the only ones that inhibited E. coli and S. typhimurium growth. The present study contributes significantly to the phytochemical composition characterization of three plant species commonly used in Brazilian traditional medicine. The plant extracts in vitro antibacterial activity was demonstrated and catechins present in the extracts are, most likely, the bioactive compounds responsible for this action.(AU)

Este estudo objetivou caracterizar a composição fitoquímica dos extratos de folhas e das entrecascas de três plantas medicinais brasileiras e determinar a sua atividade antimicrobiana contra três patógenos bacterianos de alimentos. Foram elaborados extratos aquosos e hidroalcoólicos, por meio de folhas e de entrecascas de Parkiaplatycephala, Pouteriaramiflora e Lophantheralactescens. O estudo qualitativo dos extratos foi realizado com três réplicas, em triplicata, para permitir a identificação dos compostos bioativos. A Concentração Inibitória Mínima e a Concentração Bactericida Mínima foram determinadas por microdiluição contra Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium e Staphylococcus aureus. A análise da composição fitoquímica permitiu identificar antraquinonas, catequinas, saponinas, taninas, sesquiterpenlactonas e outras lactonas nos extratos aquosos e hidroalcoólicos das folhas e das entrecascas das três plantas. Oitenta e três porcento dos extratos das plantas apresentaram atividade antibacteriana contra S. aureus. Os extratos de P. platycephala foram os únicos que inibiram o crescimento de E. coli e S. typhimurium. Este estudo contribui significativamente para a caracterização da composição fitoquímica de três espécies de plantas, frequentemente, utilizadas na medicina tradicional brasileira. A atividade antibacteriana, in vitro, dos extratos das plantas foi demonstrada, e as catequinas são, provavelmente, o composto bioativo responsável por essa atividade.(AU)

Chemical composition and evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of two essential oils / Composição química e avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana de dois óleos essenciais

This study aimed to identify and quantify the chemical constituents and to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of essential oils from lemongrass (Cymbopogum flexuosus - EOCF) and basil (Ocimum basilicum - EOOB) against 24 isolates of Aeromonas spp. The main components of EOCF were α-citral (50.13%) and ß-citral (40.31%), while those of EOOB were linalool (53.35%) and eucalyptol (11.49%). The EOCF showed high inhibitory activity (≥ 195.31 µg mL-1), whereas EOOB showed moderate inhibitory activity (≥ 781.25 µg mL-1) for Aeromonas spp. Both essential oils have potential for application as antimicrobial agents, in particular EOCF.

Este estudo objetivou identificar e quantificar os constituintes químicos e avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana in vitro dos óleos essenciais de capim limão (Cymbopogum flexuosus - OECF) e manjericão (Ocimum basilicum - OEOB) frente a 24 isolados de Aeromonas spp. Os componentes majoritários de OECF foram o α-citral (50,13%) e ß-citral (40,31%), enquanto que de OEOB foram o linalol (53,35%) e eucaliptol (11,49%). OECF demonstrou atividade inibitória elevada (≥ 195,31 µg mL-1), enquanto que OEOB apresentou atividade inibitória moderada (≥ 781,25 µg mL-1) para Aeromonas spp. Ambos os óleos essenciais têm potencial para aplicação como agentes antimicrobianos, principalmente OECF.

Chemical composition and evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of two essential oils / Composição química e avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana de dois óleos essenciais

This study aimed to identify and quantify the chemical constituents and to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of essential oils from lemongrass (Cymbopogum flexuosus - EOCF) and basil (Ocimum basilicum - EOOB) against 24 isolates of Aeromonas spp. The main components of EOCF were α-citral (50.13%) and ß-citral (40.31%), while those of EOOB were linalool (53.35%) and eucalyptol (11.49%). The EOCF showed high inhibitory activity (≥ 195.31 µg mL-1), whereas EOOB showed moderate inhibitory activity (≥ 781.25 µg mL-1) for Aeromonas spp. Both essential oils have potential for application as antimicrobial agents, in particular EOCF.(AU)

Este estudo objetivou identificar e quantificar os constituintes químicos e avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana in vitro dos óleos essenciais de capim limão (Cymbopogum flexuosus - OECF) e manjericão (Ocimum basilicum - OEOB) frente a 24 isolados de Aeromonas spp. Os componentes majoritários de OECF foram o α-citral (50,13%) e ß-citral (40,31%), enquanto que de OEOB foram o linalol (53,35%) e eucaliptol (11,49%). OECF demonstrou atividade inibitória elevada (≥ 195,31 µg mL-1), enquanto que OEOB apresentou atividade inibitória moderada (≥ 781,25 µg mL-1) para Aeromonas spp. Ambos os óleos essenciais têm potencial para aplicação como agentes antimicrobianos, principalmente OECF.(AU)

Inactivación in vitro de bacterias patógenas mediante el uso de ozono en diferentes tiempos de exposición / In vitro inactivation of pathogenic bacteria by the use of ozone in different exposure times

Intrdoduction: in the area of ​​health, ozone has many therapeutic properties. Several pathologies can be treated with ozone therapy, such as infectious, acute and chronic diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites, autoimmune diseases, diseases with chronic ischemia, lung diseases, neuropathies, dermatological diseases, dental caries, among others. Objective: to evaluate the effect of ozone applied in vitro in the following strains: Escherichia coli CCCD E003, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhi CCCD S009, Staphylococcus aureus CCCD S003, Pseudomonas aeruginosa CCCD P013, Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 18211. For this purpose use was made of different cell concentrations and different times of exposure to ozone. Methods: we used concentrations of 1 x 102, 1 x 103, 1 x 10 4, 1 x 105, 1 x 106, 1 x 107, 1 x 108 and 1 x 109 CFU/mL of NaCl (0.5 percent w/v) exposed to ozone for different time intervals (30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 270, 300, 330, 360, 390, 420, 450, 480, 510 and 540 s). Bacterial viability was determined by CFU and the colorimetric method with 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium Chloride. Results: it was found that the species S. aureus, E. coli, S. typhi, S. mutans and E. faecalis were sensitive to ozone, showing a decrease of 45-80 percent of viable cells after 30 s of ozone exposure relative to the initial population, whereas P. aeruginosa was reduced 25 percent compared to the initial population. The viability of bacteria exposed to ozone was dependent on the cell concentration and time exposure. Conclusions: ozone had a bactericidal effect on the bacteria used in this study and that this effect was proportional to the concentration of bacterial cells and the time of exposure to O3. The results show significant efficacy of ozone to control populations of pathogenic bacteria, providing relevant information for its use in different areas, but always taking into account the microorganism involved(AU)

Introducción: el ozono tiene muchas aplicaciones terapéuticas en la esfera de la salud. Algunas patologías pueden tratarse con ozonoterapia, entre ellas enfermedades infecciosas, agudas y crónicas causadas por virus, bacterias, hongos o parásitos, enfermedades autoinmunitarias, enfermedades con isquemia crónica, enfermedades pulmonares, neuropatías, enfermedades dermatológicas y caries dentales, entre otras. Objetivo: evaluar el efecto del ozono aplicado in vitro sobre las siguientes cepas: Escherichia coli CCCD E003, Salmonella enterica subesp. enterica serovar Typhi CCCD S009, Staphylococcus aureus CCCD S003, Pseudomonas aeruginosa CCCD P013, Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 y Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 18211. Con este propósito se utilizaron diferentes concentraciones celulares y diferentes tiempos de exposición al ozono. Métodos: utilizamos concentraciones de 1 x 102, 1 x 103, 1 x 104, 1 x 105, 1 x 106, 1 x 107, 1 x 108 y 1 x 109 UFC/mL de NaCl (0,5 por ciento m/v) expuestas a ozono durante diferentes intervalos de tiempo (30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 270, 300, 330, 360, 390, 420, 450, 480, 510 y 540 s). La viabilidad bacteriana se determinó mediante UFC y el método colorimétrico con cloruro de 2,3,5-trifeniltetrazolio. Resultados: se observó que las especies S. aureus, E. coli, S. typhi, S. mutans y E. faecalis eran sensibles al ozono, mostrando una disminución de 45-80 por ciento de las células viables luego de una exposición de 30 s al ozono en comparación con la población inicial, mientras que la especie P. aeruginosa se redujo en un 25 por ciento en comparación con la población inicial. La viabilidad de las bacterias expuestas al ozono dependió tanto de la concentración celular como del tiempo de exposición. Conclusiones: el ozono mostró tener un efecto bactericida sobre las bacterias utilizadas en el estudio, y ese efecto fue proporcional tanto a la concentración de las células bacterianas como al tiempo de exposición al O3. Los resultados demuestran la significativa eficacia del ozono para controlar poblaciones de bacterias patógenas, y ofrecen información relevante con vistas a su uso en diferentes áreas, pero siempre teniendo en cuenta el microorganismo en cuestión(AU)