Routines, disruptions, revised decisions: A biographical analysis of vaccination trajectories among Filipino caregivers.

BACKGROUND: Individuals' vaccine attitudes and practices are not static, but instead are shaped and iteratively revised based on new information and experiences. Understanding shifts over the life course could inform novel approaches and indicate opportune points for communicating vaccine information, but little is known about individuals' vaccination biographies, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. METHODS: To explore vaccination biographies in a setting marked by high proportions of vaccine hesitancy and recent large-scale vaccination discourses, we conducted and biographically analyzed n = 29 narrative in-depth interviews with caregivers of small children in the Philippines. RESULTS: Our results outline how the perceived relevance of vaccination and an individual's own attitudes and practices repeatedly changed over the course of their life. While respondents narrated vague memories of early vaccine encounters in their families, at schools, or during vaccination campaigns, vaccine relevance accelerated drastically during respondents' or their partner's first perinatal period. Over the following life phase as caregivers, respondents described iterative shifts in their vaccine stance (based on their own experiences, broader discourses, or changing contexts) until their youngest child 'graduated' from immunization. Respondents' later adulthood and old age were commonly marked by little engagement with immunization (except for the COVID-19 vaccines), until the birth of grandchildren sparked renewed motivation to guide younger generations (whether for or against vaccination). CONCLUSIONS: The relevance of vaccination and associated attitudes or practices repeatedly change over the life course. Vaccine promotion efforts could incorporate these biographical dynamics to align with respondents' informational needs, for example by increased engagement in first perinatal periods, eye-level communication at later phases to acknowledge caregivers' increased sense of expertise, and encouragement of vaccine confident grandparents to engage in younger generations' vaccination decisions. Future research should explore transgenerational vaccine trajectories and the potential of biographically targeted promotion efforts.

Physicians Disclosing Religion in Online Biographies: Patient Perceptions and Decision-Making in the United States.

The inclusion of personal information about a healthcare provider is becoming more prevalent within online biographies as a means to help patients make more informed decisions about their future care. While many physicians indicate they are religious, and that spiritual well-being is an important part of one's overall health, what is unclear is what impact this sort of disclosure within an online biography might have on a prospective patient's perceptions of that provider. The current study took the form of a 2 (gender of provider: man; woman) × 2 (religion disclosure: yes; no) × 2 (activity: singing in choir; playing on softball team) between-subjects experiment. Participants (n = 551) in the USA were randomly assigned to view one of the eight biography conditions and then asked to rate their perceptions of the physician, and whether they would choose to make a future appointment with that physician. While there were no differences in perceptions (e.g., liking, trustworthiness), more participants who viewed a biography with a religion disclosure indicated an unwillingness to make a future appointment with that physician. A moderated mediation analysis revealed that this effect is only significant for participants with low levels of religiosity and is explained by these participants feeling less similar to an explicitly religious physician. Open-ended responses justifying their decisions found that religion disclosure played a much larger role in not choosing the physician (20% of responses) than for choosing the physician (3% of responses). However, participants wanting a physician of a different gender was the most cited reason for not wanting to select the provider (27.5% of responses). Recommendations for physicians contemplating adding an item about religion within their online biographies are discussed.

Alcohol and the death of Ludwig van Beethoven: comparison of general biographies to the medical literature.

Beethoven's autopsy findings of cirrhosis may have been due to alcoholism. This condition may have been underemphasized historically, given its stigma and the incongruence with the often heroic portrayal of Beethoven. We therefore aimed to compare how medical experts and biographers writing for a non-medical audience describe his final illness in the context of alcoholism. English-language biographies were identified using a survey of biographies of Beethoven and supplemented by the authors. English-language medical publications were identified by searching for "Beethoven" in the PubMed® MEDLINE database. We included studies that mentioned Beethoven's final illness and death. We recorded statements regarding alcohol consumption, alcoholism, or alcohol use disorder, and the role of alcohol in Beethoven's death. The most commonly cited final illness was liver disease. Alcohol use was more frequently mentioned in biographies, but alcoholism less so. Alcohol use was invoked as a possible cause of final illness more frequently by medical publications.

History of pharmacology:2 - The Institute of Pharmacology of the University of Strasbourg: genealogy and biographies.

The Institute of Pharmacology of the University of Strasbourg played an eminent role in the development and international spread of pharmacology between 1872 and 1918. In this article, genealogy and biographies of key players are documented. Unfortunately, lack of data did not permit the complete biographical description of all scientists. Oswald Schmiedeberg played a decisive role in the global establishment of pharmacology, having trained most of the professors of his time. From Strasbourg, pharmacology spread into many countries including Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Italy, Norway, the UK, and the USA. The Institute of Pharmacology in Strasbourg played a major role in the establishment of both academic pharmacology and the modern pharmaceutical industry. The Institute of Pharmacology in Strasbourg also mirrors the history of Germany and France and the Nazi period.

History of pharmacology: 1-the Department of Pharmacology of the University of Tartu (Dorpat): genealogy and biographies.

The purpose of this article is the historical survey of the foundation and development of pharmacology in Tartu (Dorpat), Estonia. Pharmacology was founded in Tartu by Naunyn, Buchheim, and Schmiedeberg. Genealogy and biographies including selected references of pharmacologists and pupils, who acted from the very beginning to today as directors of the Department of Pharmacology, as well as its successor, the Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, are presented and commented. This history also illustrates the conditions that are important for the development of new scientific areas. It is not a central geographical location or a formal "center of excellence" with lots of financial resources but rather brilliant researchers with the right spirit and vision and academic freedom. The implications of the early history of pharmacology for the future of science are discussed.

El género como cuestión de clase en las trayectorias intergeneracionales en buenos aires

En este artículo se analiza la intersección entre clase social y género en trayectorias biográficas de varones y mujeres de Buenos Aires nacidos en las décadas de los sesenta y setenta. Se analizan 35 relatos de vida basados en entrevistas en profundidad, que relevaron información ocupacional, educativa y familiar, así como sobre eventos y transiciones biográficas. Las trayectorias de clase y los condicionamientos derivados de la posición social adoptan modalidades específicas según género y están sujetas a mecanismos específicos del ámbito doméstico en los que interviene la dimensión de género.

This article analyzes the intersection between social class and gender in biographical trajectories of men and women from Buenos Aires born in the sixties and seventies. We analyzed 35 life stories based on in-depth interviews, which revealed occupational, educational and family information, as well as events and biographical transitions. Class trajectories and conditioning factors derived from the social position adopt specific modalities according to gender and are subject to specific mechanisms of domestic life in which gender dimension incides.

Ageing with (and into) assistive technology: an exploration of the narratives of amputees and polio survivors.

PURPOSE: Assistive technologies (AT) perform an important social role, interacting with cultural systems to produce or hinder accessibility to biosocial environments. This interaction profoundly shapes not only how an individual body can be experienced by users but also produce and hinder accessibility to biosocial environments. AT users have historically been viewed through a medical model, which deems them disabled by their impairments and by dominant ableist narratives. Therefore, this paper serves to provide an insight into the importance of ageing with and into AT. This paper aims to investigate polio survivors' and diabetic amputees' experiences of assistive technologies in order to better understand impacts upon narrative and identity. By applying an anthropological and sociological lens, a holistic view of the experiences of polio survivor and amputee AT users is developed. METHOD: This paper draws on 16 in-depth interviews with polio survivors and diabetic amputees in the United States (US) and Australia, which were analysed using an experience-centered narrative approach. Both projects were approved by ethics boards. All participants provided written consent. RESULTS: Five themes were identified: a) disruption to biographies, which reflected AT impact on how narratives become altered; b) impacts to autonomy, which reflected the importance of regaining previous daily activities; c) re-engaging with community life, which highlighted how AT supported participation in valued activities; d) self-perceptions of assistive technologies, which act in opposition to external perspectives and challenge ableist narratives; and e) an intergenerational comparison of new and older AT users highlights the importance of temporalities. CONCLUSION: This paper offers new perspectives on ageing with assistive technologies, with a focus on identity and narrative. The importance of this paper is to contribute to the existing literature that demonstrates the cultural implications that arise through embodiment and assistive technologies.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONThe use of assistive technology can help individuals regain function, but the individual circumstances require considerationThe use of assistive technology is a complex entanglement of bodies, environments, biographies, and imagined futures.The use of assistive technology can provide participants autonomy over their narratives and assist with maintaining their identities.

Eighth pharmacologic-historical forum.

SCOPE, HISTORICAL OVERVIEW AND PERSPECTIVES: Athineos Philippu, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Innsbruck, Austria The eighth pharmacologic-historical Forum was held online in 2022 in Bonn during the Meeting of the DGPT. In this forum the personalities of Hans Dengler, Paul Martini, Manfred Göthert, and Rudolf Buchheim were honoured by describing their lives and scientific achievements.

Educar en el “hábito científico”: Modesto Bargalló y la ciencia en las aulas normalistas en España (1912-1939) / Educating in the scientific habit: Modesto Bargalló and science in normalist classrooms in Spain (1912-1939)

El presente trabajo indaga en los saberes, los espacios, las prácticas pedagógicas y la cultura material que definieron la adquisición del “hábito científico” como fin principal de la enseñanza de las ciencias en las aulas normalistas en España en el periodo 1912-1939. Para ello se desgrana y analiza el proyecto pedagógico de uno de los principales actores de la renovación pedagógica de la educación científica del primer tercio del siglo XX, el profesor Modesto Bargalló. A través de su obra se ahonda en el proceso de construcción de un modelo de educación científica dirigido a la formación científica ciudadana a través de la formación del profesorado (AU)

Cecilio Eseverri Chaverri: semblanza del enfermero humanista / Cecilio Eseverri Chaverri: profile of the humanist nurse

Cecilio Eseverri Chaverri es enfermero, trabajador social y teólogo. En su dilatada actividad profesional ha alternado el cuidado a los pacientes con la administración de servicios de enfermería y una intensa actividad docente, incluso con la creación de una importante escuela de gerencia en Barcelona. En su trayectoria destaca la gran aportación que ha realizado a la historia de la Enfermería, siendo autor de numerosos artículos y varios libros que son de obligada lectura para conocer el verdadero pasado de nuestra profesión. El día 21 de octubre de 2022, el grupo Oseira de historia de la Enfermería, adscrito a la Fundación Index, en colaboración con el Colegio de Enfermería de Granada, le tributaron un homenaje a su trayectoria como enfermero y como historiador de la Enfermería, cuyo discurso de presentación se reproduce aquí. Como complemento se aporta el videoclip realizado a partir de los testimonios de historiadores de la Enfermería en España que quisieron adherirse a este homenaje (AU)

Cecilio Eseverri Chaverri is a nurse, social worker and theologian. In his extensive professional activity, he has alternated patient care with the administration of nursing services and an intense teaching activity, including the creation of an important management school in Barcelona. In his career, the great contribution he has made to the history of Nursing stands out, being the author of numerous articles and several books that are a must read to know the true past of our profession. On October 21, 2022, the Oseira Nursing History group, attached to the Index Foundation, in collaboration with the Granada College of Nursing, paid tribute to his career as a nurse and as a Nursing historian, whose introductory speech is reproduced here. As a complement, the video clip made from the testimonies of Nursing historians in Spain who wanted to join this tribute is provided (AU)

Telling lives in medicine: the impact of biography collections in medical education.

This article briefly discusses the value and impact of biography collections in medical education by illustrating the case of the Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome (UCBM) Library. The UCBM Library collects, curates, and provides access to a special biography collection with the purpose of documenting the history of men and women who contributed in the field of medicine and related sciences. This article highlights the importance of academic medical libraries collecting biographical works in order to transmit knowledge and values in medical school curriculum.

The Missed Opportunity of Primary Care Providers' Online Biographies: a Content Analysis of US Health Systems in 2020.

BACKGROUND: Prospective patients are increasingly going to health systems' online directories to find their next primary care providers (PCP), making this channel of communication important to assess to determine if it is meeting patients' needs. When seeking a new PCP, patients want to know not only educational credentials but also providers' communication traits, and personal information to showcase providers as real people. Offering this information, to help patients find providers best suited to meet their needs, is a key attribute of patient-centered care. OBJECTIVE: To analyze whether health systems' online PCP biographies are including the information prospective patients deem important when selecting a PCP. DESIGN: Using the AHRQ's Compendium of US Health Systems, 523 health systems' PCP biographies were content analyzed (n = 5004 biographies) from December 2019 to March 2020. MAIN MEASURES: Forty-eight unique pieces of information were coded for either their presence or absence (e.g., education, photo, languages spoken, insurance accepted, patient reviews, philosophy of care, video provided, personal hobbies/interests). Providers' alphabetic credentials (e.g., MD, DO, APRN) were also documented. KEY RESULTS: The majority of biographies stated the provider's medical education (83.6%) and included a photo (81.4%). However, information patients also desire (e.g., communication traits and personal information) were less prevalent. Only 33.7% listed languages spoken, 18.2% offered patient reviews, 14.4% had personal hobbies/interests, and 10.6% included a video. There were also 192 unique alphabetic credential combinations listed next to providers' names. Two health systems clearly included information within biographies to help prospective patients understand what these credentials meant. CONCLUSIONS: Health systems could make simple changes to their providers' online biographies in order to help patients make more informed decisions of PCPs. Doing so may decrease doctor shopping, and also lead to a greater likelihood of developing longer-term relationships with PCPs.

The Gender Pay Gap: Income Inequality Over Life Course - A Multilevel Analysis.

The gender pay gap has been observed for decades, and still exists. Due to a life course perspective, gender differences in income are analyzed over a period of 24 years. Therefore, this study aims to investigate income trajectories and the differences regarding men and women. Moreover, the study examines how human capital determinants, occupational positions and factors that accumulate disadvantages over time contribute to the explanation of the GPG in Germany. Therefore, this study aims to contribute to a better understanding of the GPG over the life course. The data are based on the German cohort study lidA (living at work), which links survey data individually with employment register data. Based on social security data, the income of men and women over time are analyzed using a multilevel analysis. The results show that the GPG exists in Germany over the life course: men have a higher daily average income per year than women. In addition, the income developments of men rise more sharply than those of women over time. Moreover, even after controlling for factors potentially explaining the GPG like education, work experience, occupational status or unemployment episodes the GPG persists. Concluding, further research is required that covers additional factors like individual behavior or information about the labor market structure for a better understanding of the GPG.

At the ends of the line: How the Airy Transit Circle was gradually overshadowed by the Greenwich Prime Meridian.

The Greenwich Prime Meridian is one of the iconic features of the Royal Museums Greenwich. Visitors to the Museum even queue up to pose with one leg on either side of the Line. Yet, the Airy Transit Circle, the instrument that defined the meridian, is almost always excluded from these photographs. This paper examines how the instrument has become hidden in plain sight within the stories of Greenwich Time and Greenwich Meridian, as well as within the public imagination, by providing an analysis of the instrument's transformation from a working astronomical instrument to a museum object. The paper highlights the gradual decoupling of the instrument from narratives of Time and Longitude, which resulted in the Line's popularity overshadowing the instrument that defined it. By doing so, the paper aims at showing the symbiotic relationship between the materiality of the instrument and the meridian line that it defined. Approaching the instrument through the lenses of object biographies, the paper raises the question of whether the life of the instrument came to an end once operations with it were terminated. The analysis of the Transit Circle's life reveals that it reached its end multiple times, which shifts the emphasis away from a single and ultimate end of scientific objects to a process of gradual downfall, during which they can "end" several times. In addition, through the object biography approach, the Transit Circle no longer appears as a dead object reaching an afterlife within a museum setting. Instead, the approach demonstrates that, though the instrument can still be restored to an operational order, doubts about its accuracy, and its relevancy to today's astronomical methods, have led the instrument to be considered obsolete, transforming it into a museum object on display.

Con voz propia: la experiencia físico-deportiva de dos personas con síndrome de Asperger / Na sua própria voz: a experiência física e esportiva de duas pessoas com síndrome de Asperger / With your own voice: the physical and sports experience of two people with Asperger syndrome

El presente trabajo muestra algunos de los resultados que han derivado del estudio de investigación realizado en la tesis doctoral "Pedagogía de la Posibilidad. Estudio narrativo sobre el proceso educativo y resiliente de dos personas diagnosticadas de Síndrome de Asperger". Desde el enfoque de la investigación biográfica narrativa y a partir del análisis de los relatos de vida de Isabel y Emmit, nos acercamos a sus respectivas experiencias deportivas intra y extraescolares. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las potencialidades y debilidades de estas prácticas como vehículo de socialización. Sus narraciones nos trasladan a escenarios escolares en los que la Educación Física ha estado limitada a ciertos deportes de equipo y a actividades deportivas que no han estado adaptadas a sus necesidades motoras y/o hipersensoriales, y a actividades deportivas extraescolares que, en cierta medida, han potenciado el desarrollo de un proceso resiliente. Sus relatos muestran escenarios deportivos que, bien por limitaciones formativas o desinterés del profesorado, no se han adaptado a sus necesidades deportivas y sociales.

O presente trabalho mostra alguns dos resultados derivados do estudo de investigação realizado na tese de doutorado "Pedagogía de la Posibilidad. Estudio narrativo sobre el proceso educativo y resiliente de dos personas diagnosticadas de Síndrome de Asperger". A partir do enfoque da investigação biográfica narrativa e das análises dos relatos de vida de Isabel e Emmit, abordamos suas respectivas experiências desportivas intra e extraescolares. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar as potencialidades e debilidades destas práticas como veículos de socialização. Suas narrativas nos transportam a cenários escolares em que a Educação Física tem estado limitada a certos esportes de equipe e a atividades desportivas que não estão adaptadas a suas necessidades motoras e/ou hipersensoriais, e a atividades desportivas extraescolares que em certa medida têm potencializado o desenvolvimento de um processo resiliente. Seus relatos mostram cenários desportivos que por limitações formativas ou desinteresse dos professores não estão adaptados as suas necessidades pessoais e sociais.

This work shows some of the results of a study conducted for the doctoral thesis Pedagogía de la Posibilidad. Estudio narrativo sobre el proceso educativo y resiliente de dos personas diagnosticadas de Síndrome de Asperger. We approach Isabel's and Emmit's in-school and after-school sports experiences from the perspective of biographical narrative research and the analysis of their life stories. The objective of this work is to analyze the strengths and weaknesses of these practices as vehicles for social integration. Their stories take us to school settings in which Physical Education has been limited to certain team sports and sports activities that have not been adapted to their motor and/or hyper sensory needs or to extracurricular sports activities that have somehow enhanced the development of a resilience process. Their stories show sports scenarios that - either because of training limitations or for lack of teachers' interest - have not been adapted to their sporting and social needs.

Transición hacia la vida adulta en mujeres de sectores populares (Córdoba, Argentina) / Transition to adulthood among working-class women (Córdoba, Argentina) / Transição para a vida adulta entre mulheres de setores populares (Córdoba, Argentina)

Resumen (analítico) La transición hacia la adultez de los y las jóvenes de sectores populares en Argentina se tornó más prolongada y compleja. Introducir la perspectiva de género al problema obliga a interrogarse si, además, el ser mujer no constituye una dificultad adicional. Este trabajo analiza los modos en los que se produce la transición hacia la vida adulta en mujeres de sectores populares de Córdoba. Es un estudio cualitativo que utiliza como instrumento de recolección de datos el relato biográfico. Se trabajó con 12 mujeres entre 19 y 26 años que concurren a dos centros socioeducativos y laborales. Se concluye que la inserción al mundo adulto no se presenta del mismo modo. Se expresa en recorridos individuales -laborales y educativos- con problemáticas y tensiones que darían lugar a transiciones más o menos favorables.

Abstract (analytical) The transition to adulthood among working-class young people has become more prolonged and complex. Introducing the gender perspective to this problem leads to questioning whether being a woman represents an additional difficulty. This paper analyzes the ways in which the transition to adulthood among working-class young people of Córdoba (Argentina) occurs. This is a qualitative study that constructs biographies of the women and uses them as a data collection instrument. The research focused on 12 women between the ages of 19 and 26 who attend two different social labor educational centers. The transition to adulthood among young woman is not presented in the same manner. It is expressed in individual experiences - dealing with employment and education - that involve problems and tensions that affect the success of their transitions.

Resumo (analítico) A transição para a adultez entre os jovens e as jovens de setores populares na Argentina se tornou mais longa e complexa. Introduzir a perspectiva de gênero ao problema obriga a questionar se, além disso, o ser mulher não representa uma dificuldade adicional. Este trabalho analisa os diferentes caminhos de transição para a vida adulta entre mulheres de setores populares de Córdoba (Argentina). Tratase de um estudo qualitativo que utiliza o relato biográfico como instrumento de coleta de dados. Foi realizado um trabalho com 12 mulheres de 19 a 26 anos de idade que frequentam dois centros socioeducativos e de preparação para o trabalho. A inserção no mundo adulto não se apresenta sempre do mesmo modo; ela percorre caminhos individuais - seja no âmbito do trabalho ou da educação - com problemáticas e tensões que levariam a transições mais ou menos favoráveis.

The Buffering Effect of Health Care Provider Video Biographies When Viewed in Combination With Negative Reviews: "You Can't Fake Nice".

BACKGROUND: Patients seek information from numerous sources before choosing a primary care provider; two of the most popular sources are providers' own online biographies and patient rating websites. However, prior research has generally only examined how these sources influence patients' decisions in isolation. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine how primary care providers' online biographies and online patient ratings interact to affect patients' decision making, especially in the face of negative reviews. METHODS: An 8-condition online experiment (n=866) was conducted, manipulating patient ratings and the timing of viewing a provider's online biographical video (pre- or postrating viewing). RESULTS: When participants were shown a short video introduction of a provider after reading predominantly negative reviews a positive expectancy violation occurred, which was also related to more positive perceptions of the provider. When exposed to all negative reviews, 43% of participants indicated they would still choose to make an appointment with the provider, with many indicating that the video provided the evidence needed to help make up their own minds. CONCLUSIONS: These findings are especially relevant to health care organizations seeking to combat a recent rise in fake patient reviews. Providing patients with realistic expectations of the care that clinicians can offer via their own online biographical videos can help counteract negative patient comments online.

Trajetórias e experiências morais de adoecimento raro e crônico em biografias: um ensaio teórico / Trajectories and moral experiences of rare and chronic illness in biographies: a theoretical essay

Resumo Temos como objeto o diálogo com seis obras, entendidas no mercado editorial como biografias, que contemplam narrativas de primeira e segunda pessoa sobre a relação com situações de adoecimento crônico, raro ou complexo. Como ensaio teórico, experimentamos construir um argumento: essas biografias são formas públicas de construção e apresentação de pessoa, representam a possibilidade de atribuir um lugar de visibilidade para experiências morais, de grande apelo público, mas que precisam ser reconhecidas na atenção e formação e saúde como ferramentas políticas para reflexão sobre as práticas. Nesse sentido, passam a ser testemunhos, proporcionando menos histórias de vida particulares, e mais trajetórias biográficas, onde se coloca um diálogo interacionista entre significados, lugares, pessoas, posições, estigmas, violações de direito e discriminações.

Abstract Our subject is a dialogue with six literary works, understood in the publishing market as biographies that consider first and second person narratives on the relationship with situations of chronic, rare or complex disease. As a theoretical essay, we try to build an argument: these biographies are public forms of people's construction and presentation; they represent the possibility of assigning a place of visibility to moral experiences, of great public appeal, but which must be recognized in health care and training as political tools for reflection on practices. Thus, they become testimonies, providing less personal life histories and more biographical paths, with an interactionist dialogue among meanings, places, people, positions, stigma, right violations and discrimination.

Improving student knowledge and perceptions of primary care providers at campus health centers.

OBJECTIVE: To examine current knowledge and perceptions toward primary care providers commonly staffed at student health centers (PAs and NPs), and also assess the effectiveness of information-rich provider biographies to improve knowledge and perceptions. PARTICIPANTS: One thousand six hundred forty six students from 2 universities in 2 states participated in this study from February to November, 2016. METHODS: An online survey. Students were exposed to an improved biography of an NP discussing how she can perform many of the same duties as primary care physicians. Changes in knowledge and perceptions were assessed pre- and post-biography exposure. RESULTS: More than half of students are unaware NPs and PAs can prescribe medications and diagnose illnesses. Students exposed to the biography increased their knowledge of NPs, and perceptions of their expertise. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest improved provider biographies on student health centers' websites can help reduce the knowledge deficit that exists among students regarding common primary care providers.