Religion would be a missing link in the case formulation of adolescents with conduct problems: an eclectic approach.

Psychiatry is concerned with mental health. Cognition is one of the key mental functions and manifests itself primarily as behavior. A behavior exhibited in response to a stimulus is influenced by biological (inherited), psychological (individual), and social (environmental) factors. During consolidation of an exhibited behavior, the factors affecting the individual's cognitive structure and personality play crucial roles. Underlying factors for a problematic behavior, and their weakness/strength levels are determined via the Biopsychosocial model. Empirically effective current practices to intervene the problematic behaviors do not always result in success. One of the reasons may be other elements that were omitted during the case formulation process. This article aims to stress the idea that whatever the underlying factor of a problematic behavior is, the most crucial determinant and/or pre-emptive factor in developing or maintaining that behavior might actually be the religion as a governing and directive philosophy on how to conduct oneself. In this instance, the key is in the hands of the parents or caregivers.

Treatment withdrawal experiences of women with breast cancer: A phenomenological study.

AIM: To obtain an in-depth understanding of the lived experiences, values, and beliefs of Taiwanese women with breast cancer who withdrew from cancer treatment. BACKGROUND: Fear of side effects, negative experiences and personal beliefs were identified as reasons for withdrawing from cancer treatments. Body-mind consciousness and body autonomy play a crucial role in cancer treatment decisions. DESIGN: Descriptive phenomenological approach. METHODS: We conducted semi-structured, face-to-face and in-depth interviews with 16 women diagnosed with breast cancer. Participants were purposefully selected from the Cancer Registry database. Employing a phenomenological approach, our aim was to explore the lived experiences of these individuals. Data analysis followed Giorgi's five-step process. To ensure a comprehensive report the COREQ checklist was applied. FINDINGS: 'The Determination to Preserve Me' is the essence of treatment withdrawal, identified by three themes and seven sub-themes. 'Raising Body-Mind Consciousness' was generated using body autonomy and preventing repeated psychological trauma from the participant's view. Their lifestyles, maintaining the family role, and returning to a normal trajectory help develop 'Maintaining Stability for Being a Patient and a Family Carer'. 'Self-Defending Against the Body Harm' was generated by concerns about maintaining health and preventing harm. CONCLUSION: Women's behaviours became transformed by suffering. Actions were influenced by physical and psychological distress, misconceptions about treatments, and appearance changes by self-determination through self-protection. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Healthcare professionals should respect women's autonomy and work collaboratively to ensure their decision-making with accurate information and awareness of the potential risks and benefits of treatment withdrawal need to concern.

Knowledge structure and future research trends of body-mind exercise for mild cognitive impairment: a bibliometric analysis.

Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a common neurodegenerative disorder that poses a risk of progression to dementia. There is growing research interest in body-mind exercise (BME) for patients with MCI. While we have observed a rapid growth in interest in BME for MCI over the past 10 years, no bibliometric analysis has investigated the knowledge structure and research trends in this field. Consequently, the objective of this research is to conduct a bibliometric analysis of global publications of BME for MCI from 2013 to 2022. Methods: A total of 242 publications in the field of BME for MCI were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection. Bibliometric analysis, including performance analysis, science mapping, and visualization, was performed using CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and Microsoft Excel. Results: Publications and citations in the field of BME for MCI have shown a rapidly increasing trend over the last decade. Geriatrics & Gerontology, and Neurosciences were the most frequently involved research categories. China (78 documents) and the USA (75 documents) contributed to the largest number of publications and had the strongest international collaborative networks. Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine contributed to the largest number of publications (12 documents), and Chen, L of this institution was the most prolific author (12 documents). Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience (16 documents), and JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (12 documents) were the most prolific journals. Tai Chi and Baduanjin, as specific types of BME, were the hotspots of research in this field, while evidence synthesis and guidelines might be future research trends. Conclusion: In the last decade, there has been a rapid growth in scientific activities in the field of BME for MCI. The results of this study provide researchers and other stakeholders with knowledge structure, hotspots, and future research trends in this field.

Folie et Société: eroding the body-mind relationship via dysfunctional paternalistic systems.

This theoretical perspective examines the proposition of shared complex trauma between a parent and child, arising from blurred relational boundaries and societal oppression, leading to inequality both at home and within the larger paternalistic system of society. Specifically, the focus is on living within a paternalistic, authoritarian system where rules are unjust, demanding obedience and compliance without questioning the behaviors of the authority. Individuals growing up in these circumstances are subject to adverse and emotionally overwhelming experiences, which lead to the creation of emotional memory images (EMIs). The delusion in which the child is caught up becomes a reality for the child as time passes. This phenomenon is recognized in psychiatry as "Folie à deux" (the madness of two or more) at the micro level, and "Folie et Société" (the madness of society) on the macro level. Complex trauma, derived from a child's exposure to multiple adverse events, can erode the mind-body relationship, impacting both mental and physical health. These traumatic experiences in early childhood can manifest as body-focused disorders in adolescents, prevailing throughout adulthood if left unattended. This article provides a theoretical perspective on dealing with the dissociation and chronic stress related to oppressive and authoritarian family systems. The broader implications of this article include highlighting the psychophysiological underpinnings of complex trauma, the relationship of a highly oppressive paternalistic authoritarian system imposed on children and adolescents, and the role of Split-Second Unlearning as a therapeutic intervention to clear EMIs and improve overall health outcomes.

Salivary testosterone and cortisol response in acute stress modulated by seven sessions of mindfulness meditation in young males.

Stress is an established risk factor for negative health outcomes. Salivary cortisol and testosterone concentrations increase in response to acute psychosocial stress. It's crucial to reduce stress for health and well-being through evidence-based interventions. Body-mind interventions such as meditation and Tai Chi have shown reduced cortisol levels but mixed results in testosterone concentration after stress. To address this research gap, we conducted a pilot randomized controlled trial to examine the modulating effects of a short-term (seven 20-minute sessions) mindfulness meditation on testosterone and cortisol in response to acute stress. Using one form of mindfulness meditation - Integrative Body-Mind Training (IBMT) and an active control-relaxation training (RT), we assessed salivary cortisol and testosterone concentrations at three stages of stress intervention - rest, stress, and an additional 20-min IBMT or RT practice. We found increased cortisol and testosterone concentrations after acute stress in both groups, but testosterone rise was not associated with cortisol rise. Moreover, an additional practice immediately after stress produced higher testosterone concentrations in the IBMT group than the RT group, whereas cortisol concentration increased in the RT group than in the IBMT group at the same time point. These findings indicate that brief mindfulness intervention modulates a dual-hormone profile of testosterone and cortisol in response to acute stress presumably via the co-regulation of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal and hypothalamus-pituitary-testicular axes.

Integrating mind and body: Investigating differential activation of nodes of the default mode network.

BACKGROUND: The default mode network (DMN) is a large-scale brain network tightly correlated with self and self-referential processing, activated by intrinsic tasks and deactivated by externally-directed tasks. OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aim to investigate the novel approach of default mode activation during progressive muscle relaxation and examine whether differential activation patterns result from the movement of different body parts. METHODS: We employed neuroimaging to investigate DMN activity during simple body movements, while performing progressive muscle relaxation. We focused on differentiating the neural response between facial movements and movements of other body parts. RESULTS: Our results show that the movement of different body parts led to deactivation in several DMN nodes, namely the temporal poles, hippocampus, medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and posterior cingulate cortex. However, facial movement induced an inverted and selective positive BOLD pattern in some of these areas precisely. Moreover, areas in the temporal poles selective for face movement showed functional connectivity not only with the hippocampus and mPFC but also with the nucleus accumbens. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that both conceptual and embodied self-related processes, including body movements during progressive muscle relaxation, may be mapped onto shared brain networks. This could enhance our understanding of how practices like PMR influence DMN activity and potentially offer insights to inform therapeutic strategies that rely on mindful body movements.

The Electroencephalographic Brainwave Spectrum, Mindful Meditation, and Awareness: Hypothesis.

It is hypothesized that being mindfully aware is a spontaneous state of being. It is imbued with joy, peace and happiness. Such a state is periodically revealed during restful attentiveness or presence. It is also associated with spontaneous brain alpha activity of 8-13 Hz. In deep nonrapid eye movement sleep, there is synchronous delta activity at a coherent frequency of 0.1 Hz. Both of these brainwave ground states are spontaneous, calm and effortless. When any physical or mental effort is made, the alpha rhythm is desynchronized, and it is superposed by faster brain waves of beta (13-30 Hz) and gamma frequencies (30-150 Hz). This is associated with a stream of dualistic conscious experiences with contents. During deep sleep, delta activity is superposed by beta and gamma activity with microarousals resulting in dream experiences. During effortless, meditative awareness, the whole family of alpha rhythm is synchronized including (a) Occipital-parietal alpha with visual clarity, formless color, and the absence of visual imagery (b) Frontal eye-field alpha with relatively motionless eyes, and the absence of voluntary actions or plans to move the eyes in some direction, along with nonactive working memory, (c) Somatosensory alpha or Mu rhythm from the somatic motor-sensory cortex with the resultant stillness of the body including head, face, larynx, spine, hands and legs, (d) Mid-temporal auditory alpha with vocal quietness and internal verbal silence (Maunam) with a feeling of spontaneous silence and serenity, (e) Cingulate and precuneus alpha resulting in freedom from autobiographical memories and the sense of agency or ego. The insular cortex serves as a gatekeeper, a hierarchical controller to switch between conscious engagement or disengagement from the internal or the external world. It switches between the default mode network and the executive frontoparietal networks, between the sequential and the parallel modes of functioning. Mindful consciousness is local and dualistic, whereas mindful awareness is nonlocal and nondual.

Deception in Anorexia Nervosa: An Aspect of The No-Entry System of Defense.

As Williams (1997) describes, patients with anorexia nervosa have been on the receiving end of intrusive maternal projections and consequently develop a no-entry system of defense. This paper explores how deception may function as an aspect of this system in two ways. First, deception may serve as a self-preservative effort to evade emotional contact with the maternal object, which is experienced as overflowing with projections, and to attenuate accompanying persecutory anxiety. Second, rumination-painful thoughts, feelings, and sensations-about the deception being discovered by the object leverages the mind's hypnoid capacities to construct an omnipotently generated container for the self that further protects the patient from emotional contact with the maternal object's projections. These ideas are illustrated with a clinical case of a patient with anorexia nervosa who engaged in frequent deception.

[From the body-mind holism to psychosomatic medicine: theory and practice of acupuncture and moxibustion].

The traditional life concept of "body-mind holism" in Chinese medicine has drawn a special attention with the development of modern psychosomatic medicine. The "body-mind holism" is valuable in the guidance for clinical acupuncture practice, but, it is only remained on the theoretical significance by the medical masters in the past dynasties. In the paper, based on the understanding of Huangdi Neijing (Yellow Emperor's Internal Classic), the similarities and differences are compared between the body-mind theory and psychosomatic medicine. In association with clinical observation, from three aspects, i.e. body-mind pathogenesis, acupoint detection and observing the mind, and body-mind treatment, the guidance of "body-mind holism" is explored for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of acupuncture and moxibustion; the referents of "body" and "mind" are clarified in views of disease, diagnosis and treatment; and the treatment strategies of acupuncture and moxibustion are discussed in the perspective of "body-mind holism".

Manual development and efficacy of Mindful Living Group activities to promote trauma healing during the COVID-19 pandemic in China.

Introduction: Disasters can be traumatic with a profound and lasting impact on individuals. During the COVID-19 pandemic, our team developed the Mindful Living Group (MLG) activities manual based on Eastern body-mind wisdom and Western trauma healing theory to provide psychological assistance for trauma healing. Methods: In this study, we introduce a framework developed for the 10-session MLG activities manual, which consists of three core modules. Thirty-one participants living all over the country who had experienced traumatic stress resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic received the MLG intervention. This single-arm intervention study offered psychological assistance during the pandemic. The MLG intervention included 10 weekly 2-h sessions held online. Participants completed the initial interview, pre-test, post-test, and 1-month follow-up interviews. The effectiveness of the MLG activities manual was evaluated using psychological measures, including Self-Rating Depression Scale, Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, Post-traumatic Growth Inventory, General Self-Efficacy Scale, and the Perceived Social Support Scale. Results: Compared with the pretest level, the post-test levels of depression (F = 42.78, p < 0.001, η 2 = 0.59) and anxiety (F = 23.40, p < 0.001, η 2 = 0.44) were significantly lower; and mindfulness (F = 12.98, p =0.001, η 2 =0.30), posttraumatic growth (F = 27.06, p < 0.001, η 2 = 0.48), general self-efficacy (F = 13.20, p = 0.001, η 2 = 0.31), and perceived social support (F = 16.27, p < 0.001, η 2 = 0.35) were significantly higher (ANOVA). Further correlation analysis revealed a significant negative relationship of mindfulness with both depression (r = -0.43, p = 0.015) and anxiety (r = -0.35, p = 0.053), and significant positive relationships of mindfulness with posttraumatic growth (r = 0.40, p = 0.025), general self-efficacy (r = 0.52, p = 0.003), and perceived social support (r = 0.40, p = 0.024). Discussion: These preliminary findings showed the effectiveness of MLG activities for trauma healing. The mechanisms underlying mindfulness promoting trauma healing are discussed based on both Eastern body-mind wisdom and Western theories of trauma healing. Clinical trial registration: Identifier, ChiCTR2000034164.

From the body-mind holism to psychosomatic medicine: theory and practice of acupuncture and moxibustion / 中国针灸

The traditional life concept of "body-mind holism" in Chinese medicine has drawn a special attention with the development of modern psychosomatic medicine. The "body-mind holism" is valuable in the guidance for clinical acupuncture practice, but, it is only remained on the theoretical significance by the medical masters in the past dynasties. In the paper, based on the understanding of Huangdi Neijing (Yellow Emperor's Internal Classic), the similarities and differences are compared between the body-mind theory and psychosomatic medicine. In association with clinical observation, from three aspects, i.e. body-mind pathogenesis, acupoint detection and observing the mind, and body-mind treatment, the guidance of "body-mind holism" is explored for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of acupuncture and moxibustion; the referents of "body" and "mind" are clarified in views of disease, diagnosis and treatment; and the treatment strategies of acupuncture and moxibustion are discussed in the perspective of "body-mind holism".

The Analyst's Self-Care: Further Reflections after the Pandemic on Cultivating Resilience and the Essential Role of the Body-Mind Relationship in Clinical Practice.

Sparse attention is paid in the psychoanalytic literature to the management of self-care needs of the analyst. I suggest that pandemic fatigue experienced by psychotherapists during the Covid-19 global crisis has thrown into bold relief the requirement for clinicians to attune to the body, particularly the requirement for rest and creative space. Physical and emotional exhaustion is multidetermined and not unique to this time period; the global crisis appears to have unmasked particular difficulties in sensing and tending to requirements of the body-mind. Changes observed in sleep, dreams, exercise, eating, and somatic states during the pandemic raise additional questions about modifiable risk factors of burnout. Drawing upon contemporary evidence emerging from the fields of cognitive psychology, neuroscience, and psychodynamic practice and theory, suggestions are made to assist the analyst in rendering essential self-care.

A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials on Interventions Adopting Body-Mind-Spirit (BMS) Model on Holistic Well-Being.

BACKGROUND: This systematic review aims to examine existing randomized controlled trials on interventions adopting Body-Mind-Spirit (BMS) model and evaluated the effectiveness of holistic well-being outcomes. Following three key concepts of the BMS model, our review questions included (1) How was BMS defined? (2) What activities were included, and how were they related to BMS dimensions? (3) What were interventionists' backgrounds, and whether they received BMS training? (4) What were holistic outcomes? and (5) What were the effectiveness and qualities of studies? METHODS: Searches were performed using nine databases for the studies published through August 2020. The process follows PRISMA protocol, and the "risk of bias" tool from the Cochrane Handbook was utilized to determine the quality of included studies. RESULTS: Across 20 included studies, 18 (90%) presented a BMS definition, but only seven (35%) included all three key concepts of the BMS model. Eight studies (40%) offered detailed descriptions of body, mind, and spirit sections, and 12 (60%) mentioned cultural factors. Only five (25%) specified the body, mind, and spirit activities, and only three (15%) reported the BMS training in detail. Seven studies (35%) showed effectiveness in holistic outcomes. Only three (15%) were considered as high quality. CONCLUSION: A unified definition of the BMS model and the guideline to apply the BMS model to design and implement interventions are highly recommended to provide a standard framework for researchers to conduct future studies. The reason for low quality is because the lack of adequate allocation concealment and blindings.

Impact of mind-body intervention on proinflammatory cytokines interleukin 6 and 1ß: A three-arm randomized controlled trial for persons with sleep disturbance and depression.

Depressed people are prone to sleep disturbance, which may in return perpetuate the depression. Both depression and sleep disturbance influence proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL) 6 and 1ß. Thus interventions for depression should consider the effect on sleep disturbance, and vice versa. Integrative Body-Mind-Spirit (IBMS) and Qigong interventions have been applied in a wide range of health and mental health conditions, including depression and sleep disturbance. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of these two mind-body therapies for persons with both depressive symptoms and sleep disturbance. A three-arm randomized controlled trial was conducted among 281 participants, who were randomly assigned to either IBMS, Qigong or wait list control group. Participants in IBMS and Qigong groups received eight weekly sessions of intervention. Outcome measures were plasma concentrations of IL-6 and IL-1ß, and a questionnaire containing Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, Somatic Symptom Inventory, Perceived Stress Scale and Body-Mind-Spirit Holistic Well-being Scale. Outcomes were assessed at baseline (T0), immediate post-intervention (T1) and at three-months post-intervention (T2). Besides intervention efficacy analysis, path analysis was performed to explore the relations among perceived stress, depression, sleep disturbance, and IL-6 and IL-1ß values. The study found both IBMS and Qigong reduced depression, sleep disturbance, painful and painless somatic symptoms, IL-6 and IL-1ß levels, and increased holistic well-being. The effect sizes of IBMS and Qigong, mostly in the medium magnitude range, were approximatively equivalent. Path analysis models revealed a predictive role of perceived stress in depression and sleep disturbance, a bidirectional relationship between depression and sleep disturbance, and significant influence of depression and sleep disturbance on IL-6 and IL-1ß. Compared with control, the findings support the efficacy of IBMS and Qigong interventions in relieving depression and sleep disturbance, and in reducing IL-6 and IL-1ß levels.

Physiotherapists' experiences of the meaning of movement quality in autism: a descriptive phenomenological study.

Introduction: Movement quality, represented in unrestricted movements, flow and pleasure, is often lacking in people with autism. One aspect is the non-verbal expression of the present emotional and psychological state of an individual.Purpose: To describe the meaning of movement quality in autism, as experienced by specialized physiotherapists.Method: Ten physiotherapists were interviewed. The data were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using Giorgiá¾½s descriptive phenomenological method.Findings: The general structure of movement quality in people with autism included eight key constituents: 1) reduced postural control; 2) deviant muscle tone and tension; 3) deviant sensory processing; 4) a lack of conscious awareness; 5) difficulties with body boundaries; 6) coordinating movements (including breathing); 7) lack of anticipatory preparations of movements; and 8) need of cognitive thoughts to control movements.Conclusions: This study provide an understanding of how movement quality in people with autism is expressed. Their lived bodies constantly need to protect themselves from sensory impressions from within or the surroundings, causing emotional distress and obscuring the meaning of their movements. Their bodily expression becomes restrained, fragmented, and hesitant. Understanding movement patterns and emotional reactions following their struggle with movements may facilitate constructive interaction and communication, which give important implications when designing physiotherapy interventions.

Development of the Body-Relatedness Observation Scale: A feasibility study.

BackgroundOne characteristic of somatoform (DSM-IV) and somatic symptom disorder (DSM-5) is the troubled relation of patients to their body. To assess body-relatedness, standardized observation by a physical therapist may add valuable information to questionnaires. Purpose: This study examines the feasibility of a physiotherapeutic observation instrument: the Body-Relatedness Observation Scale (BROS). Methods: Factorial validity and inter-rater reliability of observer scores were studied in 191 patients performing two short exercises, lying face up. Fourteen indicators of body-relatedness were selected, covering execution of instructions, perception of the body, muscle tension, and behavioral adaptation to somatic symptoms. Results: Inter-rater reliability values (Kappa or Intraclass correlation [ICC] according to model 1,1) were excellent for four observation scores, substantial for two, fair for two, and poor for six. Four out of five items relating to patients' ability to perceive the body had low inter-rater reliability values (ICC < 0.40 or Kappa < 0.20). Categorical principal components analysis with the eight reliable scores indicated a 1-factor structure including seven items with Cronbach's alpha 0.69. Conclusion: This initial analysis of a structured physical therapeutic observation for people with somatic symptom disorder indicated modestly sound psychometric quality of observations of execution of instructions, muscle tension, and behavioral adaptation, but not of patients' ability to perceive the body adequately. This shows that body-related observations are feasible and indicates the viability of further development of the BROS.

Yoga-Based Group Intervention for In-patients With Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders-A Qualitative Approach.

Background: Yoga may pose a promising complementary therapy in the multimodal treatment of in-patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD). However, to date, no studies have qualitatively examined in-patients' with SSD experiences of Yoga as well as their perceptions of its limitations and benefits as a treatment component. This qualitative study aimed to explore for the first time the mechanisms and processes of Yoga-based Group Intervention (YoGI) for in-patients with SSD in Germany by asking for their subjective experiences. Findings could serve as a preliminary basis for developing an effective and evidence-based YoGI manual tailored to this patient group. Materials and Methods: In total, 25 semi-structured interviews were conducted directly after YoGI, for which responses were either noted down by hand or audio-recorded. The interview guide was pilot-tested and consisted of 14 questions to explore the personal articulated experiences of participation in YoGI from in-patients with SSD. Positive, negative, depressive, and anxiety symptoms were assessed during a diagnostic interview and through questionnaires. The interview data was transcribed, coded by two independent researchers, and analysed using an inductive thematic approach. The research team collaboratively discussed emerging categories to reduce redundancy and form meaningful themes and subthemes. Results: The analysis revealed seven main themes. YoGI was perceived as feasible and focusing on individual adaptation, captured by the theme inclusivity. Nevertheless, participants encountered challenges; thus, physical limitations need to be considered. While practising together, participants experienced interconnectedness and developed a mindful stance as they accepted their limitations and adapted exercises with self-compassion. Patients described that following the flow of the asanas required physical persistence, which ultimately led many participants to experience confidence and relaxation. YoGI affected symptom representation as heightened awareness led participants to notice impeding as well as improved symptoms. Conclusion: YoGI showed various promising effects on in-patients with SSD. Future research should examine to what extent these effects can be sustained and how the mindful approach during YoGI can be transferred to areas outside the Yoga class. Furthermore, a randomised controlled trial could investigate the effectiveness of a manualised YoGI.

Can Psychosocial Intervention Suppress Testosterone and Triglycerides Among Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome? A Feasibility Trial.

Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) suffer significant psychological distress, which may activate the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary axis and further affect their physiological state. They often experience elevated levels of testosterone and triglycerides. Considering reports of psychological distress among women with PCOS, this study aimed to develop a psychosocial intervention to improve their emotional and physical health, particularly in Chinese society. This pilot study employed the Integrative Body-Mind-Spirit (I-BMS) intervention model for women with PCOS in China. After a 2 h health information session, 18 participants were randomly assigned to the I-BMS group (9) or the control group (9). The intervention group received 6 weekly, 3 h I-BMS sessions. Pre- and post-blood tests and psychosocial questionnaires were collected from all participants. Retention to treatment was high with 79.6% treatment adherence gained and an overall average of five sessions completed. Compared with the control group, depression and anxiety symptoms reduced significantly for those in the intervention group (d = -1.24, p < 0.05 and d = -1.33, p < 0.01), their health-related quality of life improved significantly (d = 1.02, p < 0.01) both at post-intervention and 3 month follow-up, and their testosterone and triglycerides levels reduced significantly (d = -0.97, p < 0.001 and d = -0.41, p < 0.05) after joining the intervention. The I-BMS model is feasible and appears promising in improving psychological health, and reducing testosterone and triglyceride levels, in women with PCOS in China. Clinical Trial Registration: www.chictr.org.cn, identifier ChiCTR1900027606.

Constructing the infantile.

This paper addresses three dimensions that contribute to the constructions of the infantile, as they inform different psychoanalytic perspectives: the infantile body; the infantile mind; and the infantile psyche. Brief reviews of our current knowledge of the infant's physical state and earliest mention, derived from observational and experimental methodologies are presented; raising the question whether psychoanalysts should incorporate such knowledge or rely solely on clinical data. Further, the sources in Freudian texts that legitimate reconstructions of the infantile psyche are examined, while also noting theorists who have chosen alternate approaches. The paper concludes with the assertion that the dimensions which are determined as most germane to a psychoanalyst's construction of the infantile will depend ultimately upon their usefulness in establishing intersubjectivity with patients in clinical practice.

Application of Mobile Call-Based Integrative Body-Mind-Spirit (IBMS) Intervention to Deal With Psychological Issues of COVID-19 Patients: A Case Study in India.

Aim: The aim of this case study was to assess whether 8 sessions of mobile call based integrated Body-Mind-Spirit (IBMS) intervention could help COVID-19 patient to deal with psychological issues. Methods: This article is based on a practical example of working with COVID-19 patient using the IBMS model. It is a single subject study involving a 50 year old south Indian male living in a Covid Care Center (CCC). Mobile call interviews and brief symptom inventory were used for evaluation. Subject underwent 8 sessions of integrated body-mind-spirit Intervention through video/mobile calls of 45 minutes each time for 8 sessions offered on alternative days over a period of 15 days with pre-post assessments. Results: The results indicate that there was a reduction in somatic symptoms, anxiety and depression on 15th day. Conclusion: Illustrations of real life cases may help psychiatric nurses to gain insight into the application of psycho-social-spiritual interventions through mobile phone during isolation and lockdown.