Solitary primary intraosseous xanthoma of the mandible in a 15-year-old boy: a case report.

BACKGROUND: A xanthoma is a rare bone condition consisting of a predominant collection of lipid-rich, foamy histiocytes. The central xanthoma of the jaws is a unique benign tumor. CASE REPORT: A 15-year-old Caucasian male has been presented to our department. He had radiological changes in the area of the left mandibular angle, with an area of diffuse osteolysis of 3.0 cm by 2.0 cm. Computed tomography reveals an area of diffuse osteolysis that starts from the distal root of the lower second molar and reaches the ascending process. A bone biopsy was performed, which revealed a benign proliferative process composed of histiocytic cells involving and infiltrating trabecular bone in a background of loose fibrous connective tissue devoid of any other significant inflammatory infiltrate. The size of the formation was 2.9 cm by 2.0 cm. Immunohistochemical staining for CD68 was strongly positive and negative for S-100 and CD1a. From routine blood tests, cholesterol, triglycerides, and blood sugar are within normal values, which excludes systemic metabolic disease. Subsequent to the surgical intervention, the patient underwent postoperative assessments at intervals of 14, 30, 60 days, and a year later, revealing the absence of any discernible complications during the aforementioned observation periods. CONCLUSION: The diagnosis of primary xanthoma of the mandible is rare and can often be confused with other histiocytic lesions. A differential diagnosis should be made with nonossifying fibroma and Langerhans cell histiocytosis, as in our case. In these cases, immunohistochemistry with CD 68, S-100, and CD1a, as well as blood parameters, are crucial for the diagnosis.

Seronegative Bilateral Pulmonary Hydatid Cysts in a 15-Year-Old Boy From Pakistan: Report of a Rare Case.

Hydatid disease, attributed to the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus, poses a significant health threat in regions where it is endemic. Here, we present a case involving a 15-year-old boy from rural Pakistan who initially sought medical attention due to a persistent cough and hemoptysis. Despite initially testing negative for serological markers, imaging studies revealed well-defined cysts in both lungs. Confirmation of the diagnosis was achieved through histopathological examination. Management includes albendazole therapy and surgical excision of the cyst. Our case underscores the diagnostic challenges associated with seronegative cases and underscores the importance of considering hydatid disease in endemic regions, irrespective of typical serological markers. This report enhances understanding regarding the clinical presentation, diagnostic approach, and management strategies for pulmonary hydatid cysts.

Association between sex hormones and bone age in boys aged 9-18 years from China.

This study aimed to analyse the association between sex hormones and bone age (BA) in boys aged 9-18 years, both individually and interactively, and further to explore whether nutritional status may influence this association. A retrospective analysis was performed among 1382 Chinese boys with physical measurements, sexual characteristics, BA radiographs and sex hormone indicators from February 2015 to February 2022. A total of 470 (34.0%) boys had advanced BA. BA was positively associated with estradiol, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone in both advanced and normal BA groups after adjusting for age, genetic height and body mass index. Multiple logistic regression showed that after adjusting for covariates, estradiol (odds ratio [OR] = 1.66, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.14-2.12), LH (OR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.04-1.96), and testosterone (OR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.17-2.13) were significantly associated with the increased risk of advanced BA in boys, and the association was reinforced when these hormones were interactively explored. Stratified by nutritional status, the interaction between estradiol, LH, and testosterone showed a strong association with advanced BA in boys with normal weight.

Relation of Streptococcus Pyogenes tonsillitis isolate to antimicrobial agents and its infection treatment.

We reported the case of tonsillitis treatment in a 17-years-old boy with use of chemical non-antibiotic preparations, plant derived products and antibiotic benzathine phenoxymethylpenicillin. The antimicrobial agents for treatment were selected on the basis of their activity against a disease agent, the group A ß-hemolytic strain Streptococcus pyogenes BS1 isolated from a patient. The bacterium was susceptible in vitro to ß-lactams, with largest zones conditioned by penicillin G and benzathine phenoxymethylpenicillin discs, to fluoroquinolones and to cephems, with exception of cefazolin. Lincosamide clindamycin, macrolide spiramycin, aminoglycoside gentamicin, erythromycin, tetracycline and combination of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim were inactive against this bacterium. The Streptococcus pyogenes BS1 demonstrated intermediate susceptibility to the cephalosporin cephalexin, fluoroquinolone lomefloxacin and glycopeptide vancomycin. Non-antibiotic preparations were evaluated against Streptococcus pyogenes BS1 also. Among them "Stomatidin", "Chlorophyllipt", and phages of "Pyofag" were more effective than "Decatylen", "Decasan" and "Furadonin" in vitro. The antimicrobial applications of "Stomatidin", "Chlorophyllipt" and phages of "Pyofag" in the patient were less effective compared to the result of antibiotic benzathine phenoxymethylpenicillin treatment. Complete recovery of the patient was achieved with use of this antibiotic and Calendula flower extract as an local anti-inflammatory agent.

Parental willingness to accept and pay human papillomavirus vaccine for boys aged 9-14 in a metropolis area of China: Evidence for developing a vaccination strategy.

BACKGROUND: Increasing countries are expanding the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination to men, which has not yet been licensed in China. This study investigated the parental willingness to accept (WTA) and pay (WTP) HPV vaccine for their sons aged 9-14. METHODS: In Shanghai, a metropolis area of China, parents with boys aged 9-14 were recruited to complete an online questionnaire using a convenience sampling strategy. Parental WTA were determined for parents themselves and for their sons. Parental preference of HPV vaccine was measured using discrete choice experiment in two assumed government subsidy scenarios that referred to HPV vaccination subsidy mechanisms for girls in China. Additionally, parental WTP was estimated using contingent valuation method. RESULTS: A total of 2493 parents with boys aged 9-14 were included in the study. Majority of mothers (88.99 % and 90.99 %) and fathers (79.57 % and 85.04 %) showed WTA HPV vaccine for themselves and sons, respectively. Parental gender, age, monthly household income, knowledge, and awareness were positively associated with parental WTA for their sons (each P < 0.05). Remarkably, more mothers showed specific preference of HPV vaccine for themselves (53.67 %) and sons (47.78 %), while more fathers showed no preference for themselves (46.76 %) and sons (53.81 %). In the two assumed government subsidy scenarios, parents mostly preferred domestic HPV vaccines for themselves and sons (each P < 0.05). Additionally, mothers had significantly higher WTP for sons (mean value, 2122.75 CNY) than fathers did (1695.40 CNY) (P < 0.001). However, parental WTP was similar between for themselves and for sons, regardless of mothers and fathers (each P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Parents have high WTA and WTP HPV vaccine for boys aged 9-14 in Shanghai, which may provide evidence for preparing HPV vaccination strategy. Acceptance of HPV vaccines and roll-out in boys could be enhanced through the availability of government subsidy mechanism and domestic HPV vaccines.

Paediatric dermatofibrosarcoma protuberan-a case report in an Afro-Caribbean boy.

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans is a rare low-grade sarcoma, which rarely metastasizes, but it is locally aggressive with a propensity to recur. It usually affects persons of African descent and is extremely rare in childhood with a favourable prognosis. We present a case of paediatric dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans to the midline of the lower back of a 9-year-old Afro-Caribbean boy who was biopsied with a 2-mm margin. After histological confirmation, a 4-cm margin was then performed. Surveillance for recurrence, though none has been seen thus far after 6-month follow-up, will be done for at least 5 years and possibly longer, given this is the first case of this nature ever seen in our institution and the Caribbean region.

A Deeper Look at the Boy Scouts of America "Perversion" Files: Structural Factors Related to Access and Abuse.

The Boy Scouts of America's (BSA's) Ineligible Volunteer (IV) files, commonly called the "perversion files," is a unique data set allowing researchers to examine organizational characteristics that allow for child sexual victimization. Despite the uniqueness of this data set, few researchers have examined it. The researchers examined a random sample of cases from the IV files of scout leaders who molested scouts. A situational crime theoretical model was employed as had been used in studies on the Catholic Church sexual abuse scandal, proving effective. The researchers examined randomly selected from 1980 to 1999. Of initially examined 400 randomly selected cases, only 140 held retrievable data. The majority of the 140 cases did not have scouting victims, which resulted in a reduction to 48 cases. Beyond the several scouting forms, many files contained public domain information, including newspaper articles, police reports, criminal justice records, and/or records of civil litigation. Through both the scouting documents and the public domain records, the researchers identified six BSA-specific characteristics that allowed motivated adult leaders to molest their victims. These characteristics included (a) weak or inefficient incident reporting system, (b) failure to collect and review pertinent information, (c) organizationally legitimate reasons for one-on-one contact, (d) volunteer imbalance, (e) legitimate reasons for separation from protective adults, and (f) social status as a prophylactic defense. These structural characteristics are explored through descriptive statistics and specific case studies illustrating the phenomena. When the history of the IV files came to light through litigation, the BSA was forced to reconcile its past actions and develop new preventive measures. The Boy Scouts of America implemented various actions to protect the youth. Many of these protections specifically address structural characteristics.

A rare case report of orchiopexy and hysterectomy in an Afghan boy with persistent Müllerian duct syndrome.

INTRODUCTION: Persistent Müllerian duct syndrome (PMDS), a rare genetic aberration, is characterized by the presence of Müllerian duct (MD) features in males. PMDS is usually caused by a defect in the Müllerian inhibitory system and is discovered during surgical interventions. CASE REPORT: We present the case of a 14-year-old Afghan boy with severe abdominal pain who was initially diagnosed with bilateral undescended testicles and abdominal complex cysts. He was supposed to undergo a cystectomy and orchiopexy surgery. During the surgical intervention, an unexpected finding was made whereby fibrotic-like ovaries, fallopian tubes, and a segment of the uterus were identified, ultimately leading to the diagnosis of PMDS. The MD was carefully removed, and the testicles were delicately repositioned during an orchiopexy procedure. DISCUSSION: In our case, the patient exhibited bilateral undescended testicles along with fibrotic-like ovaries, fallopian tubes, and a portion of the uterus, representing the presence of the female type of PMDS. To safeguard fertility, orchidopexy is recommended for pediatric patients. Conversely, in the older age group, orchidectomy is advised as a precautionary measure against the heightened susceptibility to testicular carcinoma. CONCLUSION: PMDS can be associated with an undescended testicle and abdominal pain. Hence, it is crucial to thoroughly evaluate patients who have undescended testes for the presence of PMDS, and surgeons must maintain a heightened sense of awareness for PMDS while exploring individuals who present with bilateral undescended testes, as exemplified in our case.

Imitation fidelity increases with age in boys, but not in girls: An intriguing finding in a cohort of children aged 3 to 6 years.

Imitation that entails faithful reproduction of demonstrated behavior by reenacting a sequence of actions accurately is a fast and efficient way to acquire new skills as well as to conform to social norms. Previous studies reported that both culture and gender might impinge on young children's fidelity of imitation. We analyzed the imitative behavior of 87 children whose ages ranged from 3 to 6 years. An instrumental task was administered that offered partial (opaque apparatus) or total (transparent apparatus) information about causal connection between the demonstrated actions and their effect in achieving a desired reward. Imitative fidelity (imitating the actions that were demonstrated by an adult model yet were unnecessary for achieving the instrumental goal) increased as a function of age in boys, whereas no differences were found in girls. This lack of increase in girls can be ascribed to their displaying higher degrees of imitation fidelity at an earlier age.

The effect of anastrozole therapy on final height and sex hormone levels in pubertal boys receiving growth hormone therapy

ABSTRACT Objective: This research aimed to evaluate retrospectively the effect of anastrozole on height gain and sex hormone levels in pubertal boys receiving growth hormone (GH). Materials and methods: Pubertal boys who received both GH and anastrozole (GH+A) were one-to-one matched with boys who received only GH (GH-Only) for chronological and bone age, pubertal stage and height before the GH initiation, treatment duration and midparental height. Anthropometric measurements throughout treatment and adult heights were compared between the groups. Sex hormone levels were evaluated longitudinally in the GH+A group. Results: Forty-eight cases (24 in each group) were included. There was no statistical difference in adult height between the GH+A and GH-Only (p = 0.071). However, when the analysis was limited to those receiving anastrozole for at least 2 years, mean adult height was higher in the GH+A than in the GH-Only group (173.1 ± 6.2/169.8 ± 5.6 cm, p = 0.044). Despite similar growth rates between the two groups, bone age advancement was slower in the GH+A than in the GH-Only in a mean anastrozole treatment period of 1.59 years (1.37 ± 0.80/1.81 ± 0.98 years, p = 0.001). The greatest increase for FSH, LH, total and free testosterone and decrease for estradiol levels were observed in the third month after anastrozole was started, albeit remaining within the normal ranges according to the actual pubertal stages. Conclusions: Using anastrozole with GH for at least 2 years decelerates the bone age advancement resulting in adult height gain with no abnormality in sex hormone levels. These results suggest anastrozole can be used as an additional treatment to GH for further height gain in pubertal boys.

Investigación narrativa con niños y niñas: una reflexión teórico-metodológica / Narrative research with boys and girls: a theoretical-methodological reflection

(analítico) Se presenta una reflexión teórico-metodológica derivada de una investigación sobre experiencias de participación y subjetividades en niños y niñas, ubicados en contextos institucionales y comunitarios de tres países de la región. En oposición a los enfoques que asumen a estas personas como sujetos receptores per se, la metodología de este estudio adoptó la investigación narrativa, dada su potencialidad para que los participantes logren narrarse, conocerse y transformarse. De esta manera, en la primera parte, se propone un acercamiento ontológico, epistémico y metodológico a la investigación narrativa con niños y niñas. Luego, basados en el trabajo de campo del estudio, se abordan técnicas de investigación que favorecen la interacción horizontal para la generación de conocimiento con estas personas, desde lo dialógico y lo estético. Al final, se presentan las conclusiones.

(analytical) The article presents a theoretical-methodological reflection derived from research on experiences of participation and subjectivities in boys and girls, located in institutional and community contexts in three countries of the region. In opposition to the approaches that assume these people as receiving subjects per se, methodology of this study adopted narrative research, given its potential for the participants to narrate themselves, to know themselves and to transform themselves. Thus, in the first part, an ontological, epistemic and methodological approach to narrative research with children is proposed. Then, based on the field work of the study, research techniques that favor horizontal interaction for the generation of knowledge with these people are addressed, through the dialogic and the aesthetic. Finally, the conclusions are presented.

(analítico) O artigo apresenta uma reflexão teórico-metodológica derivada de pesquisas sobre experiências de participação e subjetividades em meninos e meninas, localizadas em contextos institucionais e comunitários em três países da região. Em oposição às abordagens que assumem essas pessoas como sujeitos receptores per se, a metodologia deste estudo adotou a pesquisa narrativa, dada a sua potencialidade de os participantes narrarem, conhecerem e se transformarem. Assim, na primeira parte, propõe-se uma abordagem ontológica, epistêmica e metodológica da pesquisa narrativa com crianças. Em seguida, com base no trabalho de campo do estudo, são abordadas técnicas de pesquisa que favorecem a interação horizontal para a geração de conhecimento com essas pessoas, a partir da dialógica e da estética. Ao final, são apresentadas as conclusões.

The effect of anastrozole therapy on final height and sex hormone levels in pubertal boys receiving growth hormone therapy.

Objective: This research aimed to evaluate retrospectively the effect of anastrozole on height gain and sex hormone levels in pubertal boys receiving growth hormone (GH). Materials and methods: Pubertal boys who received both GH and anastrozole (GH+A) were one-to-one matched with boys who received only GH (GH-Only) for chronological and bone age, pubertal stage and height before the GH initiation, treatment duration and midparental height. Anthropometric measurements throughout treatment and adult heights were compared between the groups. Sex hormone levels were evaluated longitudinally in the GH+A group. Results: Forty-eight cases (24 in each group) were included. There was no statistical difference in adult height between the GH+A and GH-Only (p = 0.071). However, when the analysis was limited to those receiving anastrozole for at least 2 years, mean adult height was higher in the GH+A than in the GH-Only group (173.1 ± 6.2/169.8 ± 5.6 cm, p = 0.044). Despite similar growth rates between the two groups, bone age advancement was slower in the GH+A than in the GH-Only in a mean anastrozole treatment period of 1.59 years (1.37 ± 0.80/1.81 ± 0.98 years, p = 0.001). The greatest increase for FSH, LH, total and free testosterone and decrease for estradiol levels were observed in the third month after anastrozole was started, albeit remaining within the normal ranges according to the actual pubertal stages. Conclusion: Using anastrozole with GH for at least 2 years decelerates the bone age advancement resulting in adult height gain with no abnormality in sex hormone levels. These results suggest anastrozole can be used as an additional treatment to GH for further height gain in pubertal boys.

Cryptosporidiosis diagnosed using metagenomic next-generation sequencing in a healthy child admitted to pediatric intensive care unit: a case report.

Background: Cryptosporidium infections in humans typically result in symptoms such as abdominal pain and diarrhea. When the diarrhea is severe, it can cause serious complications and even be life-threatening, especially in patients with compromised immune systems. Case presentation: Here, we reported the use of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) to assist in the diagnosis and treatment of a 10-year-old boy with severe Cryptosporidium infection. Despite the absence of any history of immunocompromise, the infection still resulted in severe symptoms, including shock, as well as damage to his pancreas and kidneys. The mNGS tests detected the presence of Cryptosporidium parvum when conventional methods failed. The patient received anti-parasite treatment along with supportive care to manage the condition. With disease surveillance based on regular clinical tests and sequential mNGS tests, the child recovered from the severe conditions. Conclusion: Our study emphasized the importance of recognizing the potential severity of Cryptosporidium infection, even among individuals with normal immune systems. Timely diagnosis and ongoing monitoring are essential for patient prognosis.

Preliminary validation of the GHBMC average male occupant models and 70YO aged model in far-side impact.

The objective of the current study was to perform a preliminary validation of the Global Human Body Models Consortium (GHBMC) average male occupant models, simplified (M50-OS) and detailed (M50-O) and the 70YO aged model in Far-side impacts and compare the head kinematics against the PMHS responses published by Petit et al. (2019). The buck used to simulate the far-side impacts comprised a seat, headrest, center console plate, leg support plate, and footrest plate with rigid material properties. The three occupant models were gravity settled onto the rigid seat and belted with a 3-point seatbelt. Positioning details of the PMHS were followed in the model setup process. A deceleration pulse with ΔV of 8 m/s was applied. The far-side crash simulations were performed with and without the addition of a plexiglass cover around the setup similar to the experimental setup. The head kinematics were extracted from the models for comparison against the PMHS data. Peak head displacements in Y and Z axes from the three models were compared to the PMHS data in addition to the head rotation along X axes. The peak head displacement values for the M50-OS, M50-O, and M50-O 70YO aged models are 594.10 mm, 568.44 mm, and 567.90 mm along Y and 325.21 mm, 402.66 mm, and 375.92 mm respectively along Z when the plexiglass cover is included in the test. The peak head rotation values for the M50-OS, M50-O, and M50-O 70YO aged models are 95.64°, 122.15°, and 129.08° respectively when the plexiglass cover is included in the test. The three occupant models capture the general trend of the PMHS data. The detailed occupant models have higher head rotation compared to the simplified model because of the deformable structure of the spine and intervertebral discs modeled. These three occupant models can be used for further parametric studies in this condition to study the influence of restraint parameters.

Normal Adult Height in an Untreated Boy With McCune-Albright Syndrome Presenting With Precocious Puberty.

Background/Objective: We present a boy with McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS)-associated precocious puberty (PP) who achieved normal adult height without treatment. Case Report: The patient presented at 10 years of age with PP and fibrous dysplasia of the right humerus. Examination showed a height 148.7 cm, Tanner 2 pubic hair and 12-15 cc testes. The Bone age (BA) was 13 years with a predicted adult height of 175 cm vs. mid parental target height of 173 cm. Laboratory parameters were as follows: luteinizing hormone (LH) 0.745 mIU/mL (0.2-4.9 mIU/mL), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) 0.933 mIU/mL (1.8-3.2 mIU/mL), testosterone 42 ng/dL (18-150 ng/dL), inhibin B 436.6 pg/mL (41-238 pg/mL) and AMH 36.1 ng/mL (45.26-191.34 ng/mL). The DNA testing result of tissue from the right humerus was positive for GNAS p. R201C mutation confirming a diagnosis of MAS. Pubertal progression with growth spurt occurred over the next 3 years: growth velocity (GV) 12 cm/y, testosterone 116 ng/dL, LH 0.715 mIU/mL and FSH 1.3 mIU/mL at 10.6 years; GV 10.3 cm/y, BA 13 to 13.6 years, testosterone 450 ng/dL, LH 1.7 mIU/mL and FSH 1.4 mIU/mL at 11.7 years; and GV 3.8 cm/y, BA 17 years, Testosterone 668 ng/dL and LH 4.2 µIU/mL at 13.3 years. Height was 171.2 cm. Discussion: PP is reported in approximately 15% of boys with MAS. PP leads to BA advancement and reduction in final adult height. Our patient achieved normal adult height without treatment in the absence of excess growth hormone. Conclusion: Boys with MAS and PP with slow BA advancement may achieve normal adult height without treatment even in the absence of excess growth hormone.

[Sex as a moderating variable of internalizing and externalizing symptomatology in childhood]. / Sexo como variable moderadora de la sintomatología internalizante y externalizante en la infancia.

OBJECTIVE: One in one hundred minors has some mental health problem. Symptomatology varies according to gender. Most research has been conducted with the general population. The objective of this paper was to analyze the moderating role of sex in the presence of internalizing (emotional disorders, anxiety and depression) and externalizing symptomatology (behavioral disorders and hyperactivity) in childhood, as well as to compare the general population with the clinical population. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 552 boys and girls between ten and twelve years of age, 94 mental health patients and 458 schoolchildren. Participants completed self-report measures: Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ-Cas), Modified Depression Scale (MDS) and a sociodemographic information questionnaire. For data analysis, descriptive statistics and multivariate and univariate mean comparisons were performed by parametric and re-sampling procedures. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were observed between clinical and school population groups in externalizing, internalizing and depressive symptomatology (p<0.001). No sex differences were found in externalizing and depressive symptomatology. Sex differences were found in internalizing symptoms (p<0.001, pboot<0.001) as well as group interaction effects (p=0.016), girls had higher scores than boys, with greater differences in the clinical group (p<0.001, pboot=0.003). CONCLUSIONS: Research with mental health patients is essential to verify the existence or not of differences with the general population as well as differences by sex, which will allow adapting preventive and intervention strategies to each case.

OBJETIVO: Uno de cada cien menores tiene algún problema de salud mental. La sintomatología varía según el sexo. La mayoría de las investigaciones son realizadas con población general. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el papel moderador del sexo en la presencia de sintomatología internalizante (alteraciones emocionales, ansiedad y depresión) y externalizante (alteraciones comportamentales e hiperactividad) en la infancia, así como comparar población general con población clínica. METODOS: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal con 552 niños y niñas entre diez y doce años, 94 pacientes de salud mental y 458 escolares. Los participantes cumplimentaron medidas de autoinforme: Cuestionario de capacidades y dificultades (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, SDQ-Cas), Escala de depresión modificada (Modified Depression Scale, MDS) y un cuestionario de información sociodemográfica. Para el análisis de datos se realizaron los estadísticos descriptivos y comparaciones de medias multivariantes y univariantes, por procedimientos paramétricos y de remuestreo. RESULTADOS: Se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos clínico y de la población escolar en sintomatología externalizante, internalizante y depresiva (p<0,001). No se hallaron diferencias de sexo en sintomatología externalizante ni depresiva. En los síntomas internalizantes se encontraron diferencias de sexo (p<0,001, pboot<0,001), así como efectos de interacción con el grupo (p=0,016). Las niñas tuvieron puntuaciones más altas que los niños, con mayores diferencias en el grupo clínico (p<0,001, pboot=0,003). CONCLUSIONES: Las investigaciones con pacientes de salud mental son fundamentales para verificar la existencia o no de diferencias con la población general, así como las diferencias por sexo, lo que permitirá adaptar las estrategias preventivas y de intervención a cada caso.

Human Papillomaviruses in Adolescents: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Pharmacists Regarding Virus and Vaccination in France.

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are responsible for one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases in the world, and their oncogenic role has been well demonstrated in genital, anal, and oropharyngeal areas. However, a certain distrust and a lack of knowledge about this vaccine are perceptible among French adolescents and their parents. Thus, health professionals and, more particularly, pharmacists appear to be key persons to promote HPV vaccination and restore confidence in the target population. The present study aims to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding HPV vaccination among pharmacists, particularly in boys, following the 2019 recommendation to vaccinate them. The present study was designed as a cross-sectional, quantitative, and descriptive survey that was conducted from March to September 2021 among pharmacists in France. 215 complete questionnaires were collected. Gaps in knowledge were found, only 21.4% and 8.4% obtained a high level of knowledge related to, respectively, HPV and vaccination. Pharmacists were confident in the HPV vaccine (94.4%), found it safe and useful, and felt that the promotion of the vaccine was part of their role (94.0%). However, only a few have already advised it, which they justify due to a lack of opportunity and forgetfulness. Faced with this, training, computerized reminders, or supportive materials could be implemented to improve the advice and thus the vaccination coverage. Finally, 64.2% were in favor of a pharmacy-based vaccination program. In conclusion, pharmacists are interested in this vaccination and the role of promoter. However, they need the means to facilitate this mission: training, computer alerts, supportive materials such as flyers, and the implementation of vaccination in pharmacies.

Sexo como variable moderadora de la sintomatología internalizante y externalizante en la infancia / Sex as a moderating variable of internalizing and externalizing symptomatology in childhood

Fundamentos: Uno de cada cien menores tiene algún problema de salud mental. La sintomatología varía según el sexo. Lamayoría de las investigaciones son realizadas con población general. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el papel moderador delsexo en la presencia de sintomatología internalizante (alteraciones emocionales, ansiedad y depresión) y externalizante (alteracionescomportamentales e hiperactividad) en la infancia, así como comparar población general con población clínica. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal con 552 niños y niñas entre diez y doce años, 94 pacientes de salud mentaly 458 escolares. Los participantes cumplimentaron medidas de autoinforme:Cuestionario de capacidades y dificultades (Strengthsand Difficulties Questionnaire, SDQ-Cas),Escala de depresión modificada (Modified Depression Scale, MDS) y un cuestionario deinformación sociodemográfica. Para el análisis de datos se realizaron los estadísticos descriptivos y comparaciones de medias multivariantes y univariantes, por procedimientos paramétricos y de remuestreo. Resultados: Se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos clínico y de la población escolar ensintomatología externalizante, internalizante y depresiva (p<0,001). No se hallaron diferencias de sexo en sintomatología externalizante ni depresiva. En los síntomas internalizantes se encontraron diferencias de sexo (p<0,001, pboot<0,001), así como efectos deinteracción con el grupo (p=0,016). Las niñas tuvieron puntuaciones más altas que los niños, con mayores diferencias en el grupoclínico (p<0,001, pboot=0,003). Conclusiones: Las investigaciones con pacientes de salud mental son fundamentales para verificar la existencia o no dediferencias con la población general, así como las diferencias por sexo, lo que permitirá adaptar las estrategias preventivas y deintervención a cada caso.(AU)

Background: One in one hundred minors has some mental health problem. Symptomatology varies according to gender. Mostresearch has been conducted with the general population. The objective of this paper was to analyze the moderating role of sex inthe presence of internalizing (emotional disorders, anxiety and depression) and externalizing symptomatology (behavioral disordersand hyperactivity) in childhood, as well as to compare the general population with the clinical population. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 552 boys and girls between ten and twelve years of age, 94 mentalhealth patients and 458 schoolchildren. Participants completed self-report measures:Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ-Cas),Modified Depression Scale (MDS) and a sociodemographic information questionnaire. For data analysis, descriptive statistics andmultivariate and univariate mean comparisons were performed by parametric and re-sampling procedures. Results: Statistically significant differences were observed between clinical and school population groups in externalizing, internalizing and depressive symptomatology (p<0.001). No sex differences were found in externalizing and depressive symptomatology.Sex differences were found in internalizing symptoms (p<0.001, pboot <0.001) as well as group interaction effects (p=0.016), girls hadhigher scores than boys, with greater differences in the clinical group (p<0.001, pboot=0.003). Conclusions: Research with mental health patients is essential to verify the existence or not of differences with the generalpopulation as well as differences by sex, which will allow adapting preventive and intervention strategies to each case.(AU)

Anasarca as a manifestation of childhood volvulus: Diagnostic and management challenges in an 11-year old Nigerian boy.

Background: Small intestine volvulus occurs more commonly among younger children. It often poses diagnostic challenges when it occurs in older children and adults. For good clinical outcomes, it is essential to have prompt presentation, diagnosis and early intervention. Anasarca is not a common clinical manifestation of small intestine volvulus. Case Presentation: We report this unusual presentation of small intestine volvulus in an 11-year old Nigerian boy who first presented only with anasarca. While being investigated for the cause of the anasarca, he developed features of acute abdomen thought to be spontaneous bacteria peritonitis initially. He had surgery where the diagnosis of small intestine volvulus was made. Conclusion: The diagnosis and management of both anasarca and small intestine volvulus could be fraught with challenges. It is possible that anasarca can be the first manifestation of small intestine volvulus.