ABSTRACT
Human nucleolin (NCL) is a multifunctional protein that is involved in diverse pathological processes. Recent evidences have shown that NCL is markedly overexpressed on the surface of most human cancer cells when compared to normal cells, being overexpressed in several malignant cells. Based on the exposed, the purpose of this pilot study is to investigate the expression pattern of NCL in canine malignant neoplasia and control groups. NCL expression at both messenger RNA and protein levels in the subcellular fractions were respectively detected by RT-PCR and western blotting, allowing to infer the NCL positivity rate in canine neoplasia. The identity of NCL amplicons obtained by RT-PCR was confirmed by Sanger sequencing and found to correspond to Canis lupus familiaris. Using flow cytometry, the blood cells expressing NCL from canine neoplasms were also identified using several cell surface markers and their levels quantified. These results showed that NCL expressed in lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils in dogs with malignant neoplasia is higher (> 50%) when compared with the control group. We found an increased expression of surface and cytoplasmic NCL in canine malignant neoplasia group, while nuclear NCL is predominantly found in the control group. Overall, this study discloses and identifies for the first time the presence of NCL in canine blood.
Subject(s)
Biomarkers/blood , Dog Diseases/blood , Neoplasms/veterinary , Phosphoproteins/blood , RNA-Binding Proteins/blood , Animals , Cell Nucleus/metabolism , Cytoplasm/metabolism , Dog Diseases/diagnosis , Dogs , Female , Male , Neoplasms/blood , Phosphoproteins/genetics , Pilot Projects , RNA, Messenger/blood , RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics , NucleolinABSTRACT
Cancer chemotherapy in dogs and cats has traditionally involved administration of chemotherapy agents at the maximum tolerated dose. Cytotoxic chemotherapy has an acceptably low risk of serious toxicity, but an obligatory rest period must be included to allow for recovery of drug-sensitive normal cell populations. This rest period can also allow significant recovery of tumor cells. Metronomic chemotherapy is characterized by more frequent administration of lower doses of oral drugs and appears to halt or slow tumor progression through multiple mechanisms. This approach may be at least as effective as conventional chemotherapy with a lower risk of toxicity.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/pharmacology , Cat Diseases/drug therapy , Dog Diseases/drug therapy , Neoplasms/veterinary , Administration, Oral , Animals , Cat Diseases/prevention & control , Cats , Dog Diseases/prevention & control , Dogs , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Neoplasms/prevention & controlABSTRACT
A 7-year-old female spayed Golden Retriever dog presented with fever and a 10-day history of neurological signs, including ambulatory paraparesis and pelvic limb ataxia. Neurological examination initially revealed a T3-L3 myelopathy. Thoracic radiographs revealed a diffuse miliary pulmonary pattern. Endotracheal washes and fine-needle aspirates from several organs aimed at identifying a potential infectious agent or neoplastic process were all unsuccessful. Due to worsening of the clinical signs, euthanasia was elected. Necropsy findings included multifocal, pale to dark red, firm nodules infiltrating the lungs, heart, mesentery, pancreas, small intestine, brain, and spinal cord. Cytological examination of impression smears obtained from the pulmonary nodules during necropsy revealed clusters of epithelioid cells admixed with fewer spindle cells, erythrocytes, and scattered leukocytes. Clinical signs and cytological findings initially suggested the possibility of a widespread granulomatous disease or a metastatic epithelial neoplasm as possible clinical differentials in this case. The final diagnosis was based on the gross and histological findings, with confirmation following histochemistry and immunohistochemistry.
Subject(s)
Dog Diseases/pathology , Hemangiosarcoma/veterinary , Paraparesis/veterinary , Vascular Neoplasms/veterinary , Animals , Diagnosis, Differential , Dog Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Dogs , Epithelioid Cells/pathology , Euthanasia, Animal , Factor VIII/metabolism , Female , Hemangioendothelioma, Epithelioid/diagnostic imaging , Hemangioendothelioma, Epithelioid/pathology , Hemangioendothelioma, Epithelioid/veterinary , Hemangiosarcoma/diagnostic imaging , Hemangiosarcoma/pathology , Immunohistochemistry/veterinary , Lung/pathology , Myocardium/pathology , Radiography , Vascular Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Vascular Neoplasms/pathologyABSTRACT
El carcinoma en adenoma pleomórfico es un tumor mixto maligno que con frecuencia tiene su origen a partir de la glándula parótida con componentes de epitelio benigno, mioepitelio y sustancia mucoide, mixoide, cartilaginosa u ósea; este tumor es de rara ocurrencia en animales a diferencia de los humanos donde se presenta con mucha frecuencia. En este reporte clínico se pretende revisar el caso de un paciente canino, macho de raza golden retriever que fue llevado a consulta al Centro de veterinaria y zootecnia de la Universidad CES (Medellín, Colombia) por pérdida de peso e inapetencia con cinco meses de evolución. Al examen clínico se evidenció una masa en la región cervical craneal, se realizaron pruebas de laboratorio pertinentes y estudio radiográfico completo en el que se halló una estructura con trabéculas de osificación. Se procedió a realizar una intervención quirúrgica para obtener una muestra de la masa, la cual fue enviada para diagnóstico histopatológico en el que el resultado sugirió una nueva muestra más profunda; además, se decidió realizar estudio ecográfico para definir el compromiso de las estructuras vasculares u otras estructuras importantes, por lo que permitió tomar la decisión final de realizar una intervención quirúrgica para retirar de forma completa la masa. La muestra se envió para estudio histopatológico en el que se emitió un diagnóstico de carcinoma en adenoma pleomórfico de glándula salival. La recuperación del paciente se llevó a cabo de manera exitosa inicialmente en la clínica, finalizó su recuperación en casa sin ninguna complicación, tan sólo presentó tos no productiva por varios días asociada a la manipulación quirúrgica; además, el paciente tuvo una evidente mejoría con ganancia de peso y consumo normal de alimentos.
Carcinoma in pleomorphic adenoma is a malignant mixed tumor that often stems from the parotid gland epithelial, consisting of benign substance, mioepithelium and mucoid, myxoid, cartilage or bone components; unlike humans where it occurs often this tumor is of rare occurrence in animals. This case report is intended to review the case of a canine, male golden retriever patient which was submitted to Centro de veterinaria y zootecnia at Universidad CES (Medellin, Colombia) for weight loss and poor appetite lasting for about five months or longer. The clinical examination revealed a mass in the cervical region of the skull. Relevant laboratory tests and complete radiographic study were performed that revealed a mass with ossification trabecules. A biopsy was performed to obtain a mass sample for histopathological evaluation. At ultrasound examination the commitment of the vascular structures or other important structures was evaluated and a final decision to perform surgery for removing the mass was done, also for histopathological study. The microscopic findings support the diagnosis of carcinoma in pleomorphic adenoma of the salivary gland. Initial recovery of the patient was at the veterinary hospital and was then successfully completed at home with no clinical complications, but a non-productive cough for several days possibly associated with the surgical manipulation. The patient evolved to improved weight gain and normal consumption of food with no clinical compromises.
Carcinoma em adenoma pleomórficas é um tumor maligno misto que muitas vezes resulta da glândula parótida com componentes epitelial benigna, mioepithelium, substância muco, myxoid, ossos ou cartilagens, este tumor é uma ocorrência rara em animais ao contrário seres humanos onde quer que ocorra com freqüência. Este relatório destina-se a clínica rever o caso de uma paciente canino, macho raça golden retriever, que foi apresentado ao Centro de veterinaria y zootecnia, Universidad CES (Medellin, Colômbia) para perda de peso e de pobre apetite por cinco meses ou mais, a exame clínico revelou uma massa na região crânio cervical, exames laboratoriais relevantes e completo estudo radiográficos que encontrou uma estrutura com trabéculas de ossificação, procederam a realizar a cirurgia para a obtenção de uma amostra de massa, que foi enviado para o diagnóstico histopatológico quando sugeriu uma nova amostra mais profunda, decidiu-se realizar estudos ultra-som para definir o empenho das estruturas vasculares ou outras estruturas importantes e isso permitiu que a decisão final para realizar a cirurgia para remover a massa total. A amostra foi enviada para estudo histopatológico em que carcinoma em adenoma pleomórfico do glândula salivar foi diagnosticada, a sua recuperação inicial foi no hospital e, em seguida, a recuperação do paciente, foi concluída com êxito em casa sem complicações, apenas apresentou tosse não produtiva por vários dias associados à manipulação cirúrgica. O paciente apresentou uma clara melhoria em ganho de peso e consumo normal de alimentos.
