Variations in Tissue-Specific Expression of Adipose Differentiation-Related Protein Gene in Two Native Yunnan Chicken Breeds

Adipose differentiation-related protein (ADFP) is a fatty acid-binding protein that can promote the absorption of long-chain fatty acids. However, few results have been published regarding its role in Yunnan Native chicken breeds. The aim of this study was to determine ADFP gene tissue-specific expression in Piao chickens (PC) and Wuliangshan black-bone chickens (WBC) by RT-qPCR. The ontogenetic expression levels of the ADFP gene were significantly different during growth and development phases in the subcutaneous fat, liver, and pectoralis muscle of PC, and in the subcutaneous fat, liver, and pectoralis muscle of WBC (p 0.05). Individual tissue-differential expression levelswere detectedon d 91 and 112 in PC, with highest levels determined in abdominal fat and subcutaneous fat, respectively. However, in WBC, the highest levels were determined on d 49, 91 and 112 d in the pectoralis muscle and liver. Correlation analysis revealed ADFP expression level in liver of WBC was significantly related with LW and HC (p 0.05), while no significant correlations with carcass fatness (CF) were found in PC (p>0.05). The results suggest ADFPdifferential expression in the liver and pectoral muscles of PC and WBC during the growth and development phases (p 0.05). The observed expression patterns indicate that the ADFP gene plays an important role in lipid metabolism of PC and WBC, and that these patterns are expressed differently in the tissues of different chicken genotypes.(AU)

Variations in Tissue-Specific Expression of Adipose Differentiation-Related Protein Gene in Two Native Yunnan Chicken Breeds

Adipose differentiation-related protein (ADFP) is a fatty acid-binding protein that can promote the absorption of long-chain fatty acids. However, few results have been published regarding its role in Yunnan Native chicken breeds. The aim of this study was to determine ADFP gene tissue-specific expression in Piao chickens (PC) and Wuliangshan black-bone chickens (WBC) by RT-qPCR. The ontogenetic expression levels of the ADFP gene were significantly different during growth and development phases in the subcutaneous fat, liver, and pectoralis muscle of PC, and in the subcutaneous fat, liver, and pectoralis muscle of WBC (p 0.05). Individual tissue-differential expression levelswere detectedon d 91 and 112 in PC, with highest levels determined in abdominal fat and subcutaneous fat, respectively. However, in WBC, the highest levels were determined on d 49, 91 and 112 d in the pectoralis muscle and liver. Correlation analysis revealed ADFP expression level in liver of WBC was significantly related with LW and HC (p 0.05), while no significant correlations with carcass fatness (CF) were found in PC (p>0.05). The results suggest ADFPdifferential expression in the liver and pectoral muscles of PC and WBC during the growth and development phases (p 0.05). The observed expression patterns indicate that the ADFP gene plays an important role in lipid metabolism of PC and WBC, and that these patterns are expressed differently in the tissues of different chicken genotypes.

Carcass and meat characteristics of steers or bulls, finished in feedlot and fed with diets containing three levels of concentrate / Características da carcaça e da carne de bovinos não-castrados ou castrados terminados em confinamento e alimentados com três níveis de concentrado

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate quantitative and qualitative characters of carcass andmeat from bulls and steers finished in feedlot during a 116 day period, in individual stalls and fedwith a diet of corn silage and three levels of concentrate (0.70; 0.97 and 1.23% of body weight). Theconcentrate was formulated with 25% soybean meal, 73% of ground corn grain 1% of a mineral mix and1% of limestone. A total of 169 composite Purunã animals, being 94 bulls and 75 steers with averageage of 20 months. The interaction between physiological condition and level of concentrate was not significant (P>0.05) for any of the studied variables. Likewise, no effect of level of concentrate wasdetected upon the same traits. The bulls presented heavier slaughter weight (493.1 kg) in comparisonwith the steers (450.0 kg) as well as higher carcass yield (55.2 vs. 53.5%), resulting in a hot carcassweight 12.1% heavier than bulls animals, though with a lower degree of carcass finishing (3.6 vs. 4.2mm, respectively). Bulls produced carcasses with better conformation and higher area of Longissimusdorsi (68.6 vs. 63.3 cm2), and higher percentage of muscle in comparison with castrated (66.5 vs. 62.8%).The meat from bulls was darker and with lower degree of marbling in relation to steers. Nevertheless,no differences were observed for tenderness nor for juiciness, though steers had more palatable meat.(AU)

O objetivo deste experimento foi avaliar características quantitativas e qualitativas da carcaça e da carne de bovinos não-castrados ou castrados terminados em confinamento durante um período de 116 dias e alimentados com dieta composta por silagem de milho e três níveis de concentrado (0,70; 0,97 e 1,23% do peso corporal), composto por farelo de soja (25%), milho grão triturado (73%), sal mineral (1%) e calcário calcítico (1%). Foram utilizados 169 bovinos composto Purunã, sendo 94 nãocastrados e 75 castrados, com idade média de 20 meses. A interação classe sexual vs. nível de oferta de concentrado não foi significativa (P>0,05) para nenhuma das variáveis estudadas, como também não se verificou efeito dos níveis de concentrado na dieta sobre as mesmas características. Os animais nãocastrados apresentaram peso de abate (493,1 kg) superior aos animais castrados (450,8 kg) bem como maior rendimento de carcaça (55,2 vs. 53,5%) resultando em um peso de carcaça quente 12,0% maior em relação aos castrados, porém, com menor grau de acabamento (3,6 vs. 4,2 mm, respectivamente). Animais não-castrados apresentaram carcaça de melhor conformação e área de Longissimus dorsi (68,6 vs. 63,3 cm2), com maior percentual de músculo (66,5 vs. 62,8%) em relação aos castrados. A carne dos animais não-castrados apresentou-se mais escura e com menor grau de marmorização em relação aos castrados. No entanto, não se verificou diferenças na maciez e suculência da carne, embora os animaiscastrados apresentassem carne mais palatável.(AU)

Carcass and meat characteristics of steers or bulls, finished in feedlot and fed with diets containing three levels of concentrate / Características da carcaça e da carne de bovinos não-castrados ou castrados terminados em confinamento e alimentados com três níveis de concentrado

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate quantitative and qualitative characters of carcass andmeat from bulls and steers finished in feedlot during a 116 day period, in individual stalls and fedwith a diet of corn silage and three levels of concentrate (0.70; 0.97 and 1.23% of body weight). Theconcentrate was formulated with 25% soybean meal, 73% of ground corn grain 1% of a mineral mix and1% of limestone. A total of 169 composite Purunã animals, being 94 bulls and 75 steers with averageage of 20 months. The interaction between physiological condition and level of concentrate was not significant (P>0.05) for any of the studied variables. Likewise, no effect of level of concentrate wasdetected upon the same traits. The bulls presented heavier slaughter weight (493.1 kg) in comparisonwith the steers (450.0 kg) as well as higher carcass yield (55.2 vs. 53.5%), resulting in a hot carcassweight 12.1% heavier than bulls animals, though with a lower degree of carcass finishing (3.6 vs. 4.2mm, respectively). Bulls produced carcasses with better conformation and higher area of Longissimusdorsi (68.6 vs. 63.3 cm2), and higher percentage of muscle in comparison with castrated (66.5 vs. 62.8%).The meat from bulls was darker and with lower degree of marbling in relation to steers. Nevertheless,no differences were observed for tenderness nor for juiciness, though steers had more palatable meat.

O objetivo deste experimento foi avaliar características quantitativas e qualitativas da carcaça e da carne de bovinos não-castrados ou castrados terminados em confinamento durante um período de 116 dias e alimentados com dieta composta por silagem de milho e três níveis de concentrado (0,70; 0,97 e 1,23% do peso corporal), composto por farelo de soja (25%), milho grão triturado (73%), sal mineral (1%) e calcário calcítico (1%). Foram utilizados 169 bovinos composto Purunã, sendo 94 nãocastrados e 75 castrados, com idade média de 20 meses. A interação classe sexual vs. nível de oferta de concentrado não foi significativa (P>0,05) para nenhuma das variáveis estudadas, como também não se verificou efeito dos níveis de concentrado na dieta sobre as mesmas características. Os animais nãocastrados apresentaram peso de abate (493,1 kg) superior aos animais castrados (450,8 kg) bem como maior rendimento de carcaça (55,2 vs. 53,5%) resultando em um peso de carcaça quente 12,0% maior em relação aos castrados, porém, com menor grau de acabamento (3,6 vs. 4,2 mm, respectivamente). Animais não-castrados apresentaram carcaça de melhor conformação e área de Longissimus dorsi (68,6 vs. 63,3 cm2), com maior percentual de músculo (66,5 vs. 62,8%) em relação aos castrados. A carne dos animais não-castrados apresentou-se mais escura e com menor grau de marmorização em relação aos castrados. No entanto, não se verificou diferenças na maciez e suculência da carne, embora os animaiscastrados apresentassem carne mais palatável.

Carcass traits of goat kids from different genotypes finished in feedlot / Características de carcaça de cabritos de diferentes genótipos terminados em confinamento

The objective of this study was to evaluate the quantitative and qualitative carcass traits in goat kids finished in feedlot. Thirty goat kids were used non-castrated, with 10 Anglo Nubian x Undefined Breed (UB), 10 Boer x UB and 10 Undefined Breed, with average 19.05 kg BW at the beginning of the experiment, divided into a completely randomized design. The diet used was unique and complete, containing 15.5% crude protein and 2.58Mcal kg-1 DM. The Anglo Nubian x UB goat kids showed higher carcass dressing, fat thickness and GR site in comparison to Boer x UB. However, the Boer x UB obtained higher muscularity index compared with Anglo Nubian x UB and UB. The UB goat kids showed lower percentage of fat and higher muscle:fat relation when compared with Boer x UB. No differences between genotypes for the weight and yields, except for the weight and yields of neck. The Boer x UB goat kids showed better conformation and carcass fatness compared to Anglo Nubian x UB and UB. There was significant correlation between conformation and carcass fatness. Correlation was observed between marbling, fat thickness and pelvic-renal fat. The fat thickness and GR site showed significant correlation, indicating that these evaluations represent the back fat in the carcass of kids goat. The genotype influenced the fat thickness, carcass dressing, conformation and carcass fatness.(AU)

Objetivou-se avaliar as características quantitativas e qualitativas da carcaça em caprinos de diferentes genótipos terminados em confinamento. Foram utilizados 30 cabritos, sendo 10 Anglo Nubiana Sem Raça Definida (SRD), 10 Boer SRD e 10 SRD, com peso médio de 19,05kg no início do experimento, distribuídos no delineamento inteiramente casualizado. A dieta utilizada foi única e completa, contendo 15,5% de proteína bruta e 2,58 Mcal de energia metabolizável por quilograma de matéria seca. Os Anglo Nubiana × SRD apresentaram maiores rendimentos de carcaça, espessura de gordura subcutânea e medida GR quando comparados com os Boer SRD. Entretanto, os cabritos Boer SRD obtiveram maior índice de musculosidade em comparação com os demais genótipos avaliados. Os cabritos SRD apresentaram menor percentual de gordura e maior relação músculo:gordura, quando comparados com os Boer × SRD. Não houve diferença entre os genótipos para os cortes comerciais, exceto o peso e rendimento do pescoço. Os cabritos Boer × SRD apresentaram melhor conformação e acabamento de carcaça. Houve correlação significativa entre a conformação e o acabamento de carcaça e entre o marmoreio, a espessura de gordura subcutânea e a medida GR. A área de olho de lombo foi correlacionada com o rendimento de carcaça quente.(AU)

Carcass traits of goat kids from different genotypes finished in feedlot / Características de carcaça de cabritos de diferentes genótipos terminados em confinamento

The objective of this study was to evaluate the quantitative and qualitative carcass traits in goat kids finished in feedlot. Thirty goat kids were used non-castrated, with 10 Anglo Nubian x Undefined Breed (UB), 10 Boer x UB and 10 Undefined Breed, with average 19.05 kg BW at the beginning of the experiment, divided into a completely randomized design. The diet used was unique and complete, containing 15.5% crude protein and 2.58Mcal kg-1 DM. The Anglo Nubian x UB goat kids showed higher carcass dressing, fat thickness and GR site in comparison to Boer x UB. However, the Boer x UB obtained higher muscularity index compared with Anglo Nubian x UB and UB. The UB goat kids showed lower percentage of fat and higher muscle:fat relation when compared with Boer x UB. No differences between genotypes for the weight and yields, except for the weight and yields of neck. The Boer x UB goat kids showed better conformation and carcass fatness compared to Anglo Nubian x UB and UB. There was significant correlation between conformation and carcass fatness. Correlation was observed between marbling, fat thickness and pelvic-renal fat. The fat thickness and GR site showed significant correlation, indicating that these evaluations represent the back fat in the carcass of kids goat. The genotype influenced the fat thickness, carcass dressing, conformation and carcass fatness.

Objetivou-se avaliar as características quantitativas e qualitativas da carcaça em caprinos de diferentes genótipos terminados em confinamento. Foram utilizados 30 cabritos, sendo 10 Anglo Nubiana Sem Raça Definida (SRD), 10 Boer SRD e 10 SRD, com peso médio de 19,05kg no início do experimento, distribuídos no delineamento inteiramente casualizado. A dieta utilizada foi única e completa, contendo 15,5% de proteína bruta e 2,58 Mcal de energia metabolizável por quilograma de matéria seca. Os Anglo Nubiana × SRD apresentaram maiores rendimentos de carcaça, espessura de gordura subcutânea e medida GR quando comparados com os Boer SRD. Entretanto, os cabritos Boer SRD obtiveram maior índice de musculosidade em comparação com os demais genótipos avaliados. Os cabritos SRD apresentaram menor percentual de gordura e maior relação músculo:gordura, quando comparados com os Boer × SRD. Não houve diferença entre os genótipos para os cortes comerciais, exceto o peso e rendimento do pescoço. Os cabritos Boer × SRD apresentaram melhor conformação e acabamento de carcaça. Houve correlação significativa entre a conformação e o acabamento de carcaça e entre o marmoreio, a espessura de gordura subcutânea e a medida GR. A área de olho de lombo foi correlacionada com o rendimento de carcaça quente.

Características de carcaça de cabritos de diferentes genótipos terminados em confinamento

The objective of this study was to evaluate the quantitative and qualitative carcass traits in goat kids finished in feedlot. Thirty goat kids were used non-castrated, with 10 Anglo Nubian Undefined Breed (UB), 10 Boer UB and 10 Undefined Breed, with average 19.05 kg BW at the beginning of the experiment, divided into a completely randomized design. The diet used was unique and complete, containing 15.5% crude protein and 2.58Mcal kg-1 DM. The Anglo Nubian UB goat kids showed higher carcass dressing, fat thickness and GR site in comparison to Boer UB. However, the Boer UB obtained higher muscularity index compared with Anglo Nubian UB and UB. The UB goat kids showed lower percentage of fat and higher muscle:fat relation when compared with Boer UB. No differences between genotypes for the weight and yields, except for the weight and yields of neck. The Boer UB goat kids showed better conformation and carcass fatness compared to Anglo Nubian UB and UB. There was significant correlation between conformation and carcass fatness. Correlation was observed between marbling, fat thickness and pelvic-renal fat. The fat thickness and GR site showed significant correlation, indicating that these evaluations represent the back fat in the carcass of kids goat. The genotype influenced the fat thickness, carcass dressing, conformation and carcass fatness.

Objetivou-se avaliar as características quantitativas e qualitativas da carcaça em caprinos de diferentes genótipos terminados em confinamento. Foram utilizados 30 cabritos, sendo 10 Anglo Nubiana Sem Raça Definida (SRD), 10 Boer SRD e 10 SRD, com peso médio de 19,05kg no início do experimento, distribuídos no delineamento inteiramente casualizado. A dieta utilizada foi única e completa, contendo 15,5% de proteína bruta e 2,58 Mcal de energia metabolizável por quilograma de matéria seca. Os Anglo Nubiana × SRD apresentaram maiores rendimentos de carcaça, espessura de gordura subcutânea e medida GR quando comparados com os Boer SRD. Entretanto, os cabritos Boer SRD obtiveram maior índice de musculosidade em comparação com os demais genótipos avaliados. Os cabritos SRD apresentaram menor percentual de gordura e maior relação músculo:gordura, quando comparados com os Boer × SRD. Não houve diferença entre os genótipos para os cortes comerciais, exceto o peso e rendimento do pescoço. Os cabritos Boer × SRD apresentaram melhor conformação e acabamento de carcaça. Houve correlação significativa entre a conformação e o acabamento de carcaça e entre o marmoreio, a espessura de gordura subcutânea e a medida GR. A área de olho de lombo foi correlacionada com o rendimento de carcaça quente. A espessura de gordura subcutânea e a medida GR apresentaram correlação significativa, indicando que estas avaliações representam à cobertura de gordura na carcaça de cabritos. O genótipo influencia a espessura de gordura subcutânea, os rendimentos de carcaça, a conformação e acabamento de carcaça de cabritos.